Caleb Herring
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Just a practice test from the back of the textbook.

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Caleb Herring
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Pschology Chapter 7 practice test

Question 1 of 20

1

Learning is defined as "the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring______ or________"

Select one or more of the following:

  • Information

  • Action

  • behaviors

  • hardships

Explanation

Question 2 of 20

1

Two forms of associative learning are classical conditioning, in which the organism associates ______________ and operant conditioning, in which the organism associates__________.

Select one of the following:

  • two or more responses; a response and consequence

  • two or more stimuli; two or more consequences

  • two or more stimuli; a response and consequence

  • two or more responses; two or more stimuli

Explanation

Question 3 of 20

1

In Pavlov's experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a(n)____________ Stimulus.

Select one of the following:

  • Conditioned

  • Unconditioned

  • Neutral

  • Partial

Explanation

Question 4 of 20

1

Dogs have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. this process is an example of?

Select one of the following:

  • Pro-social behavior

  • discrimination

  • Shaping

  • acquisition

Explanation

Question 5 of 20

1

After Watson and Rayner classically conditioned Little Albert to fear a white rat, the child later showed fear in response to a rabbit, a dog, and a sealskin coat. this illustrates

Select one of the following:

  • extinction

  • generalization

  • spontaneous energy

  • discrimination between two stimuli

Explanation

Question 6 of 20

1

Thorndike's law of effect was the basis for_____ work on operant conditioning and behavior control.

Select one of the following:

  • Pavlov's

  • Skinner's

  • Dr. Adam's

  • Freud's

Explanation

Question 7 of 20

1

One way to change behavior is to reward natural behaviors in small steps, as they get closer and closer to a desired behavior. This process is called________

Select one of the following:

  • Discrimination

  • modeling

  • acquisition

  • Shaping

Explanation

Question 8 of 20

1

your dog is barking so loudly that it's making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking, your ears ringing, and you think to yourself, "If I'll have to do that when he barks again." The end of the barking was for you a________

Select one of the following:

  • positive reinforcer

  • Negative reinforcer

  • positive punishment

  • negative punishment

Explanation

Question 9 of 20

1

reinforcing a desired response only some of the times it occurs is called?

Select one of the following:

  • positive reinforcement

  • negative reinforcement

  • Partial reinforcement

  • continuous reinforcement

Explanation

Question 10 of 20

1

A restaurant is running a special deal. After you buy four meals at full price, your fifth meal will be free. this is an example of a_______ schedule of reinforcement

Select one of the following:

  • fixed-ratio

  • variable-ratio

  • fixed-interval

  • variable-interval

Explanation

Question 11 of 20

1

the partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after unpredictable time periods is a __________-________ schedule.

Select one of the following:

  • Variable-Interval

  • fixed-ratio

  • fixed-interval

  • variable-ratio

Explanation

Question 12 of 20

1

a medieval proverb notes that "a burnt child dreads the fire." In operant conditioning, the burning would be an example of a

Select one of the following:

  • primary reinforcer

  • negative reinforcer

  • punisher

  • positive reinforcer

Explanation

Question 13 of 20

1

Which research showed that conditioning can occur even when the unconditioned stimulus does not immediately follow the neutral stimulus?

Select one of the following:

  • The Little Albert experiment

  • Pavlov's experiments with dogs

  • Watson's behaviorism studies

  • Garcia and Koelling's taste-aversion studies

Explanation

Question 14 of 20

1

Taste-aversion research has shown that some animals develop aversions to certain tastes but not to sights or sounds. this finding supports

Select one of the following:

  • Pavlov's demonstration of generalizaation

  • Darwin's principle that natural selection favors traits that aid survival

  • Watson's belief that psychologists should study observable behavior, not mentalistic concepts

  • the early behaviorists' view that any organism can be conditioned to any stimulus

Explanation

Question 15 of 20

1

Evidence that cognitive processes play an important role in learning comes in part from studies in which rats

Select one of the following:

  • spontaneously recover previously learned behavior

  • develop cognitive maps

  • exhibit respondent behavior

  • generalize responses

Explanation

Question 16 of 20

1

Parents are most effective in getting their children to imitate them if

Select one of the following:

  • their words and actions are consistent

  • they have outgoing personalities

  • one parent works and the other stays home to care for the children

  • they carefully explain why a behavior is acceptable in adults, but not in children

Explanation

Question 17 of 20

1

Most experts agree that repeated viewing of TV violence

Select one of the following:

  • makes all viewers significantly more aggressive

  • has little effect on viewers

  • dulls viewers sensitivity to violence

  • makes viewers angry and frusterated

Explanation

Question 18 of 20

1

rats that explored a maze without any reward were alter able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. the rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated _____________

Select one of the following:

  • punishment

  • Shaping

  • Latent learning

  • pro-social behavior

Explanation

Question 19 of 20

1

Children learn many social behaviors by imitating parents and other models. this type of learning is called

Select one of the following:

  • behaviorism

  • Observational learning

  • respondent behavior

  • modeling

Explanation

Question 20 of 20

1

Some scientists believe that the brain has __________ that enable observation and imitation

Select one of the following:

  • cognitive maps

  • Mirror neurons

  • reinforcement schedules

  • pro-social behaviors

Explanation

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