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1st law of thermodynamics
2nd law of thermodynamics
free energy (aka as G for Gibbs)
exergonic reaction
endergonic reaction
couplage d’énergie
The bonds between the phosphate groups of ATP’s tail can be broken by
ATP is composed of
ATP drives endergonic reactions by
A ribozyme is
Induced fit of a substrate
Inorganic cofactors
Organic cofactor are called
Competitive inhibitors
Noncompetitive inhibitors
Sarin gas inhibits
Penicillin
Examples of inhibitors
Allosteric regulation
Cooperativity in allosteric regulation
(cysteine-aspartic proteases) may help management of
In feedback inhibition
In oxidation
In reduction
• CO2 enters and O2 exits the leaf through microscopic pores called
Chloroplasts are found mainly in cells of the
The chlorophyll is in the membranes of
• Chloroplasts also contain
The light reactions (in the thylakoids):
carotenoids
photoprotection
phytochemicals
Chlorophyll a vs chlorophyll b
Theodor W. Engelmann(1843-1901)
1.Porphyrin ring:
2.Hydrocarbon tail:
The light-harvesting complexes
a reaction-center complex
A primary electron acceptor in the reaction center accepts
Photosystem II (PS II)
Photosystem I
Cyclic electron flow only
Chemiosmosis is
Fats and carbohydrates are
NAD+ functions as an
What is the reduced form of NAD+
What is the full name of NADplus
Pellagra is caused by what and what are its symptoms
What are the three stages of cellular respiration
The process that generates most of the ATP is called
A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by
what is derived form Vitamin b3
prosthetic groups
FAD is derived from
A signal Transduction Pathway is
What is quorum sensing ?
How does the hormone Epinephrine work ?
What type of signals are growth factors
Name a type of long distance signaling
How do paracrine and synaptic signaling work ?
Most water soluble molecules bind to specific sites on what ?
Name the diseases that GPCRS are involved with
What are pertusis toxins
Which guanine molecule turns a GProtein on
How does Adenyl cyclase act as a GTP-ase in its transduction pathway
Possibles Cause of Cancer related to GPCRs :
Name GTp-ase enzymes
What does a Kinase enzyme do ?
About 30 percent of breast cancers are due to
Are all hormones hydrophobic
What are transcription factors and why do we talk about them when explaining nuclear recptors
Receptor for neurotransmitters fall into what category of Receptors
Give examples of LGICS
The RTK drug Bevacimab or avastin binds to VEGF to cure what diseases ?
15% of currently used drugs target what type of receptor
How is Helix 12 affected in an induced fit
What are Tamoxifen and Flutamide ? and what are they used for
How big is an Ion Channel
How wide is the opening of an ion Channel
How wide is the Whole ion channel (circumference)
What gives birth to a fat cell
Multistep pathways provide more opportunities for
What is biofillm an example of?
What are Pases
What is most likely wrong in men with Prostate cancer
Protein Kinases most often phosphorylate what and how much of our genome is codes for these P.Ks
How do caffeine and theophyline act on the signal transduction pathway
Apoptosis may be involved in deseases such as
