DNA questions not from the lectures

Question 1 of 60

1

In RNA, glycosidic bonds occur between:

Select one of the following:

ribose and nucleotide base ribose and nucleotide base
deoxyribose and nucleotide base
ribose and phosphate
deoxyribose and phosphate
two nucleotide bases

Explanation

Question 2 of 60

1

Chromatin structure

Select one of the following:

Is constant across each chromosome
Strongly influences gene expression Strongly influences gene expression
Cannot impact heritable traits
Requires only a few proteins

Explanation

Question 3 of 60

1

Writer and Eraser enzymes (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Act randomly
Are not required during DNA replication
Modify histones
Impact gene expression
Are unrelated to epigenetic changes

Explanation

Question 4 of 60

1

Gene duplication (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Creates an opportunity for organisms to diversify
Always results in new functions
Damages the DNA irreparably
Provides a mechanism for altering the function of the gene product

Explanation

Question 5 of 60

1

Transgenic organisms (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Utilize somatic gene transfer
Contain a "foreign" gene introduced into the germ line
Have been created in only limited numbers
Pass on their transgenes to progeny

Explanation

Question 6 of 60

1

DNA is replicated 5' to 3'. Why is this directionality the only one observed in living organisms?

Select one of the following:

Because of the anti-parallel nature of DNA
Because RNA synthesis is required
Because of the energy requirement for fidelity/proof-reading
Because the ssDNA binding proteins bind 5' to 3'

Explanation

Question 7 of 60

1

DNA

Select one of the following:

Codes directly for proteins without any intermediary
Is contained in the nucleus in prokaryotes
Utilizes hydrogen bonds to maintain sugar-phosphate backbone stability
None of the above

Explanation

Question 8 of 60

1

"Dideoxy" (or Sanger) sequencing of DNA

Select one of the following:

Uses deoxynucleotides for chain termination
Can be performed using chemical methods
Requires the ability to recognize the base at each position
Relies on DNA polymerase that must be thermally stable
Engages DNA ligase and ssDNA binding proteins

Explanation

Question 9 of 60

1

Transposons (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Are mobile elements that can insert into any DNA sequence
Come in a single type
Are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Can be easily "cured" (eliminated from an organism)

Explanation

Question 10 of 60

1

Okazaki fragments at the replication fork for DNA synthesis (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Are essential for leading strand synthesis
Are essential for lagging strand synthesis
Are comprised only of deoxyribonucleotides
Are comprised only of ribonucleotides
Are comprised of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides

Explanation

Question 11 of 60

1

DNA repair (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Does not target all DNA
Preserves genetic information for the next generation of cells/organism.
Involves only a small number of proteins
Is confined to only two classes of DNA damage
Requires 3-5% of coding regions in higher organisms

Explanation

Question 12 of 60

1

Indicate the functions associated with DNA polymerase [more than one answer may apply]:

Select one or more of the following:

Polymerizes nucleotides from 5' to 3'
Creates RNA primers
Exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity
Exhibits 5' to 3' exonuclease activity
Seals together Okazaki fragments

Explanation

Question 13 of 60

1

The Avery-McLeod-McCarty experiment provided evidence that and not _serves as the genetic material:

Select one of the following:

Proteins | DNA
RNA | Proteins
DNA | Proteins
Polysaccharides | DNA

Explanation

Question 14 of 60

1

The role of telomerase is:

Select one of the following:

To extend the 5'-end of linear DNA
To shorten the 5'-end of linear DNA
To extend the 3'-end of linear DNA
Not important to normal cells
Dependent on an internal DNA template for extending DNA

Explanation

Question 15 of 60

1

Nucleosome structure (more than one answer may apply]:

Select one or more of the following:

Is driven primarily by RNA components
Is invariant across a single chromosome
Strongly influences gene expression and can determine epigenetic traits
Is formed by DNA wrapping in a right-handed direction around the core histone octamer
Is more loosely packaged when lysines in the histones are acetylated

Explanation

Question 16 of 60

1

Which of the following has a function in both the leading and lagging strand during replication (more than one answer may apply]?

Select one or more of the following:

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
ssDNA binding proteins
Okazaki fragments
DNA clamp loader

Explanation

Question 17 of 60

1

Somatic gene therapy

Select one of the following:

Generates effects that can be inherited
Affects germ cells primarily
Can result in the production of a protein required by an individual
Has no side effects

Explanation

Question 18 of 60

1

Place the following in order of assembly from the most basic structure to the most complex (type in letters without spaces or commas as in abcde):

a. Folded solenoid

b. Condensed chromatin

c. Solenoid structure

d. "Naked" DNA

e. Nucleosomes

Select one of the following:

decab
ecbad
debac
acbed

Explanation

Question 19 of 60

1

In a DNA microarray experiment, you use two different short ssDNAs as probes, one with a label that fluoresces green (green DNA probe) and the other fluoresces red (red DNA probe). Note that an equal mixture of the two probes appears as yellow. The results shown below were obtained following completion of the experiment.

Which of the following can you conclude from the results (more than one answer may apply)?

Select one or more of the following:

The DNA samples in A2, A5, and C4 contain similar sequences to the green DNA probe but not to the red DNA probe.
The DNA samples in A2, A5, and C4 contain complementary sequences to the green DNA probe but not to the red DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B1, C5, and D2 contain similar sequences to the red DNA probe but not the green DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B1, C5, and D2 contain complementary sequences to the red DNA probe but not the green DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B3, B4, C2, and D1 contain similar sequences to both the green DNA probe and the red DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B3, B4, C1, and C2 contain complementary sequences to both the green DNA probe and the red DNA probe.

Explanation

Question 20 of 60

1

DNA replication

Select one of the following:

Is carried out by multiple independent proteins that do not associate
Utilizes the DNA clamp and clamp loader to coordinate the leading and lagging strands
Differs significantly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the basic proteins required
Results in high levels of errors that cannot be repaired by DNA polymerase activity

Explanation

Question 21 of 60

1

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is....

Select one of the following:

The key process in RFLP analysis
Limited to genomic DNA
Used to amplify DNA sequences
Is the key process for DNA cloning
Performed at a single temperature

Explanation

Question 22 of 60

1

The sugars (to which the bases in DNA are linked) are connected to one another by what type of bond?

Select one of the following:

Alpha-glycosidic
Beta-glycosidic
Phosphodiester
Peptide

Explanation

Question 23 of 60

1

The nucleotide sequence of one DNA strand is 5'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-3'. The sequence of the newly synthesized daughter strand is:

Select one of the following:

5'-CCTAAAAACAGGTGTTAGT-3'
5'-TGATTGTGGACAAAAATCC-3'
5'-ACTAACACCTGTTTTTAGG-3'
5'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-3'

Explanation

Question 24 of 60

1

The properties of histones (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Cannot be altered
Affect chromatin density
Affect the mutation rate of DNA
Modulate gene expression
Are dependent on DNA size

Explanation

Question 25 of 60

1

Which of the following are fundamental processes of DNA repair (more than one answer may apply)?

Select one or more of the following:

Identifying DNA damage
Ensuring the cell cycle continues during the process of repair
Signaling to cellular systems when DNA damage requires repair
Correcting DNA damage

Explanation

Question 26 of 60

1

The key recognition surface for proteins to discern sequence in the 3-dimensional structure of a DNA is:

Select one of the following:

Phosphodiester backbone
Major groove
Minor groove
Center of stacked base pairs

Explanation

Question 27 of 60

1

Origins of replication are rich A-T base pairs:

Select one of the following:

To be recognized readily
To facilitate ease of opening to initiate transcription
To promote primase binding
To ensure a unique sequence

Explanation

Question 28 of 60

1

Which of the following is accurate regarding the DNA replication process (more than one answer may apply)?

Select one or more of the following:

No mistakes are made during this process
Multiple proteins are involved
Low mutation rate (i.e., few errors) is essential for survival of the organism
Follows a conservative mechanism

Explanation

Question 29 of 60

1

Sequences of genes generated by duplication (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Do not recombine to generate new functions for the encoded protein
Can diverge significantly and maintain similar function
Can diverge significantly and exhibit different functions
Never diverge in sequence

Explanation

Question 30 of 60

1

Eukaryotic DNA replication

Select one of the following:

Initiates at a single origin
Requires duplication of histones as well as DNA strands
Uses mechanisms that destroy patterns of histone modification
Utilizes enzymes that differ significantly from prokaryotic replication

Explanation

Question 31 of 60

1

1. Nucleosomes:

Select one of the following:

Contain two sets of three histone monomers
Include histone and non-histone proteins
Package DNA into a compact form
Are more tightly packaged when serine is phosphorylated
Are more tightly packaged when lysine is acetylated

Explanation

Question 32 of 60

1

Chromosomes within cells (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Are randomly located
Occupy distinct physical regions where genes are silenced and where genes are expressed
Contain genes fixed in a precisely ordered pattern that corresponds to order of expression
Move when expressed to a central region of the cell

Explanation

Question 33 of 60

1

The orientation of replication by DNA polymerases from 5' to 3' using 5'-dNTPs (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Is required to ensure that the complementary strand is oriented anti-parallel
Provides energy from the release of pyrophosphate (and its hydrolysis) to drive the reaction forward
Allows proofreading by DNA polymerases
Is not universal in all organisms

Explanation

Question 34 of 60

1

Restriction nucleases:

Select one of the following:

Are required to sequence DNA
Are required to reproducibly generate specific fragments of DNA
Protect DNA in eukaryotic organisms
Cannot be helpful in identifying individuals

Explanation

Question 35 of 60

1

In DNA, hydrogen bonds occur between:

Select one of the following:

Ribose and nucleotide base
Deoxyribose and nucleotide base
Two deoxynucleotide bases
Ribose and phosphate
Deoxyribose and phosphate

Explanation

Question 36 of 60

1

Which of the following does NOT characterize the DNA replication process?

Select one of the following:

Mistakes can be made during the replication process, but most are detected and corrected by DNA polymerases
This process utilizes a semi-conservative mechanism
Organisms can generally tolerate a high error rate in replication
This process engages a large number of proteins

Explanation

Question 37 of 60

1

Telomerases

Select one of the following:

Are composed solely of amino acids
Are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Protect the ends of linear DNA Protect the ends of linear DNA - correct
Synthesize DNA 3' to 5'

Explanation

Question 38 of 60

1

Transposons (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Move in a distinct pattern
Move in a more or less random pattern
Can use different types of deletion/insertion strategies
Are similar across all organisms
Can replace telomerase in some organisms

Explanation

Question 39 of 60

1

The human genome:

Select one of the following:

Has numerous highly repetitive sequences
Contains approximately 3 million base pairs
Contains approximately 3 million genes that encode proteins
Uses over 30% of the sequence in coding proteins

Explanation

Question 40 of 60

1

DNA ligase (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Synthesizes DNA primers
Has an important role in lagging strand synthesis during replication
Has an important role in leading strand synthesis during replication
Seals recombinant DNA sequences with overlapping ends
Unzips double-stranded DNA

Explanation

Question 41 of 60

1

The proteins for DNA replication that are NOT involved directly at the moving replication fork include (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

DNA polymerase
DNA primase
DNA helicase
Topoisomerase
ssDNA binding protein
DNA ligase

Explanation

Question 42 of 60

1

Homologous recombination:

Select one of the following:

Is restricted to eukaryotes that are diploid
Is only used in repairing dsDNA breaks that occur randomly
Is a complex process that repairs dsDNA breaks
Does not require strict control

Explanation

Question 43 of 60

1

Which of the following sequences would denature from the sequence 5'-CGATGTCC-3' at the highest temperature?

Select one of the following:

5'-CGATGTCC-3'
5'-GCTACAGG-3'
5'-GGACATCG-3'
5'-ATGCGCTA-3'

Explanation

Question 44 of 60

1

In prokaryotes, what protein binds first to DNA to start the replication process?

Select one of the following:

Helicase
DnaA
DNA primase
Topoisomerase
DNA polymerase

Explanation

Question 45 of 60

1

Epigenetic information (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Is randomized when the DNA is copied
Is present in the DNA sequence
Depends on modifications of histones
Is fixed and unchanging
May be influenced by environmental impacts

Explanation

Question 46 of 60

1

DNA size (in terms of number of base pairs) varies significantly among eukaryotic organisms. Which of the following is an accurate statement:

Select one of the following:

Gene size (in terms of number of base pairs) is directly proportional to DNA size
Gene density (number of genes per base pair) differs between eukaryotic organisms
Gene density in eukaryotes is similar to prokaryotic organisms
The number of genes is directly proportional to the number of chromosomes
The number of genes is directly proportional to DNA size

Explanation

Question 47 of 60

1

Restriction nucleases (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Recognize specific sequences in DNAs and break both strands within this sequence
Are found in almost all molds
Were designed from other types of nucleases to fragment DNA
Generate staggered ends or blunt ends

Explanation

Question 48 of 60

1

Regulation of DNA expression

Select one of the following:

Targets the same genes in the same way for all species
Is unimportant
May vary significantly for the same organ in different species May vary significantly for the same organ in different species - correct
Is the same for all cell types

Explanation

Question 49 of 60

1

The first synthetic step in DNA replication requires

Select one of the following:

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNA primase DNA primase - correct
DNA helicase
ssDNA binding proteins

Explanation

Question 50 of 60

1

What amino acids would you expect to find frequently modified in histones (more than one answer may apply)?

Select one or more of the following:

Glutamic acid
Glycine
Lysine
Serine
Tryptophan

Explanation

Question 51 of 60

1

DNA replication (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Generates two identical copies of dsDNA with one strand that is "parental" and one strand that is "daughter"
Is continuous on both strands of the DNA
Is highly accurate in terms of maintaining the sequence
Requires protection of the exposed ssDNA segments
Requires synthesis of a DNA primer to start the process of copying each DNA strand

Explanation

Question 52 of 60

1

PCR requires (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

All 4 deoxynucleoside triphosphates
A single dideoxynucleoside triphosphate
dsDNA
RNA
Oligonucleotide primers
Temperature-stable DNA polymerase

Explanation

Question 53 of 60

1

Regulation of DNA expression:

Select one of the following:

Is not importantIs not important
Is the same for all species
Is essential in determining what proteins are produced Is essential in determining what proteins are produced - correct
Is determined by protein coding regions

Explanation

Question 54 of 60

1

Plasmids (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Can be used to amplify recombinant DNA
Are found primarily in eukaryotes
Are separate from chromosomal DNA and replicate independently
Are generally small, linear DNAs

Explanation

Question 55 of 60

1

The leading template strand is oriented from , and its complementary strand is oriented from __.

Select one of the following:

3' to 5' | 3' to 5'
3' to 5' | 5' to 3'
5' to 3' | 5' to 3'
5' to 3' | 3' to 5'

Explanation

Question 56 of 60

1

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (more than one answer many apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Are uncommon in genomes within the same species
Can be associated with changes in protein sequence that may predispose individuals to diseases
Are easily identified by DNA sequencing
Are single base pair changes
Are of little interest

Explanation

Question 57 of 60

1

Epigenetic changes (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Can appear at any age
Arise due to DNA sequence changes
Affect each cell in the same way
Can arise randomly
Can be generated from lifestyle impacts

Explanation

Question 58 of 60

1

Chargaff and colleagues demonstrated in the 1940's that the molar amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA were equivalent (%A = %T) and a similar equivalency applied to guanine and cytosine (%G = %C) (the "pair rule"). From this one can deduce that:

Select one of the following:

Adenine and guanine will always be present in different molar amounts
Cytosine and thymine will always be present in different molar amounts
Purines and pyrimidines will always be present in different molar amounts
Purines and pyrimidines will always be present in equivalent molar amounts

Explanation

Question 59 of 60

1

Replication in eukaryotes (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Is fundamentally different from prokaryotes
Requires a complex composed of multiple proteins to begin the process
Starts at the same time at each of the replication origins
Starts at a single replication origin
Occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle

Explanation

Question 60 of 60

1

The multi-protein complex generated by the clamp loader formed at the replication fork

Select one of the following:

Lowers the amount of energy required for replication
Increases the amount of energy utilized by DNA polymerase
Provides coordination of leading and lagging strands Provides coordination of leading and lagging strands - correct
Is designed to protect ssDNA

	Created by MrSujg over 8 years ago

1st year Biochemistry and molecular biology Quiz on DNA questions not from the lectures, created by MrSujg on 29/11/2015.

DNA questions not from the lectures

Question 1 of 60

In RNA, glycosidic bonds occur between:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 60

Chromatin structure

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 60

Writer and Eraser enzymes (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 60

Gene duplication (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 60

Transgenic organisms (more than one answer may apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 60

DNA is replicated 5' to 3'. Why is this directionality the only one observed in living organisms?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 60

DNA

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 60

"Dideoxy" (or Sanger) sequencing of DNA

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 60

Transposons (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 60

Okazaki fragments at the replication fork for DNA synthesis (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 60

DNA repair (more than one answer may apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 60

Indicate the functions associated with DNA polymerase [more than one answer may apply]:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 60

The Avery-McLeod-McCarty experiment provided evidence that __________ and not ___________serves as the genetic material:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 60

The role of telomerase is:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 60

Nucleosome structure (more than one answer may apply]:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 60

Which of the following has a function in both the leading and lagging strand during replication (more than one answer may apply]?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 60

Somatic gene therapy

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 60

Place the following in order of assembly from the most basic structure to the most complex (type in letters without spaces or commas as in abcde): a. Folded solenoid b. Condensed chromatin c. Solenoid structure d. "Naked" DNA e. Nucleosomes

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 60

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 60

DNA replication

Select one of the following:

The Avery-McLeod-McCarty experiment provided evidence that and not _serves as the genetic material:

Place the following in order of assembly from the most basic structure to the most complex (type in letters without spaces or commas as in abcde):

a. Folded solenoid

b. Condensed chromatin

c. Solenoid structure

d. "Naked" DNA

e. Nucleosomes