Jade P
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Origins 037 final review of all homework questions. I didn't have a chance to type homework 8 in here. So that homework is excluded

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Jade P
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Orgins Final Review (HW1-HW7)

Question 1 of 128

1

What is the Astronomical Unit (AU)?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.

  • b. It is the radius of the Solar System.

  • It is the average distance between two galaxies.

  • It is the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

Explanation

Question 2 of 128

1

Which of the following correctly gives the Earth's cosmic address?

Select one of the following:

  • Earth, Moon, Solar System, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Super
    Cluster.

  • b. Earth, Solar System, Local Super Cluster, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy.

  • Earth, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Super Cluster, Solar System.

  • Earth, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Super
    Cluster.

Explanation

Question 3 of 128

1

Which one has the correct order in levels of biological organization from the smallest
to the largest scales?

Select one of the following:

  • Atom, Molecule, Cell, Organ System, Organ, Organism.

  • Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population.

  • Community, Population, Organism, Organ, Tissue, Cell.

  • Molecule, Cell, Organ, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere, Organism

Explanation

Question 4 of 128

1

What is the speed of light?

Select one of the following:

  • 300 (km/s)

  • 300,000 (km/s)

  • 300,000 (m/s)

  • 300 (m/s)

Explanation

Question 5 of 128

1

The color of light is determined by its:

Select one of the following:

  • Speed

  • Amplitude

  • Wavelength

  • brightness

Explanation

Question 6 of 128

1

Light from distant objects seems:

Select one of the following:

  • very dim because brightness decreases as the square of the distance from
    the source increases.

  • very bright because distant sources are brighter in nature.

  • very dim because photons lose energy as they travel.

  • very bright because brightness increases as the square of the distance from the
    source increases.

Explanation

Question 7 of 128

1

What happens to the brightness of a light source if we double its distance from us?

Select one of the following:

  • It will be doubled.

  • It will be halved

  • It looks 4 times fainter.

  • It looks 4 times brighter

Explanation

Question 8 of 128

1

The number of ___ in the nucleus of an atom determines what element a substance is.

Select one of the following:

  • Electrons

  • Protons

  • Photons

  • Neutrons

Explanation

Question 9 of 128

1

When an electron drops from a higher orbital to a lower one:

Select one of the following:

  • A photon with the same orbital energy difference is absorbed.

  • A photon with less orbital energy difference is absorbed.

  • A photon with less orbital energy difference is emitted

  • A photon with the same orbital energy difference is emitted.

Explanation

Question 10 of 128

1

The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave:

Select one of the following:

  • The longer the wavelength.

  • The higher the speed.

  • The shorter the wavelength.

  • The lower the speed.

Explanation

Question 11 of 128

1

Red light has a ___ frequency, ___ energy and ___ wavelength than blue light.

Select one of the following:

  • higher, higher, shorter

  • lower, lower, longer

  • higher, lower, shorter

  • lower, higher, longer

Explanation

Question 12 of 128

1

Which of the following is sorted in order of increasing energy?

Select one of the following:

  • Gamma ray, X-ray, UV, Visible, IR, Radio

  • Microwave, Radio, UV, Visible, X-ray, Gamma ray

  • Radio, Microwave, IR, Visible, UV, X-ray

  • Radio, UV, Microwave, Visible, X-ray, Gamma ray

Explanation

Question 13 of 128

1

Which physical quantity describes how fast atoms bounce around in an object?

Select one of the following:

  • Temperature

  • Volume

  • Mass

  • Density

Explanation

Question 14 of 128

1

A cloud of cool, low-density gas in front of a hot source of thermal radiation produces
a/an:

Select one of the following:

  • Emission-line spectrum

  • Absorption-line spectrum

  • Continuous spectrum

  • Thermal radiation spectrum

Explanation

Question 15 of 128

1

All distant galaxies are moving away from us. What does this observational fact tell
us about the light of far away galaxies?

Select one of the following:

  • The light gets blueshifted (The wavelength becomes shorter).

  • The light gets redshifted (The wavelength becomes longer).

  • There is no change in the wavelength of light.

  • Depending on the type of galaxy, it either gets redshifted or blueshifted.

Explanation

Question 16 of 128

1

The amount of energy radiated per second from each square meter of a thermal
radiator strongly depends on...(Remember the Stephan-Boltzmann law)

Select one of the following:

  • Type of the object.

  • The mass and size of the object.

  • The temperature of the object.

  • The temperature and size of the object.

Explanation

Question 17 of 128

1

A piece of hot steel bar emits:

Select one of the following:

  • No radiation at all.

  • Emission-line radiation.

  • Absorption-line radiation.

  • Thermal (blackbody) radiation.

Explanation

Question 18 of 128

1

What happens when we cool off an object?

Select one of the following:

  • It starts to emit thermal radiation more strongly at longer wavelengths.

  • It starts to emit thermal radiation more strongly at shorter wavelengths.

  • It always stops emitting the.rmal radiation

  • Since its temperature drops, it starts to emit emission-line radiation.

Explanation

Question 19 of 128

1

According to Bohr's atomic model, what happens when an electron falls from an
upper energy level to a lower energy level?

Select one of the following:

  • It absorbs some energy equivalent to the energy difference of levels.

  • It emits some energy in form of a photon with an energy equal to the
    energy difference of levels.

  • It always swaps its energy level with another electron in an upper energy level
    without absorbing or emitting any photons.

  • It emits a continuous spectrum of photons with a variety of energies.

Explanation

Question 20 of 128

1

The farther a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. This was an
observation made by:

Select one of the following:

  • Stefan-Boltzmann

  • Edwin Hubble

  • Albert Einstein

  • Heinrich Olbers

Explanation

Question 21 of 128

1

The cosmological principle states that:

Select one of the following:

  • We are the center of the Universe because all galaxies are moving away
    from us

  • We are not the center of the Milky Way because we our solar system is
    orbiting the central black hole.

  • We are not the center of the Universe because space is expanding in
    all directions, giving the appearance that we are at the center.

  • We are not the center of the Universe because space is expanding in
    all directions, giving the appearance that we are at the center.
    d.

Explanation

Question 22 of 128

1

What happens to light waves as it is traveling through empty space (no gas or dust
in the way)?

Select one of the following:

  • It loses energy as time passes

  • It contracts since the space it is traveling in is shrinking

  • It stretches since the space it is traveling in is expanding

  • It continues to travel in empty space without incident

Explanation

Question 23 of 128

1

What is one main conclusion of Hubble’s Law?

Select one of the following:

  • The universe is not expanding and is in fact getting smaller.

  • . The universe is actually neither expanding nor shrinking.

  • Galaxies farther away from us are moving closer to us at higher velocities.

  • Galaxies farther away from us are moving away from us at
    higher velocities

Explanation

Question 24 of 128

1

If you take the inverse of Hubble’s constant, then what does that tell you about the
universe?

Select one of the following:

  • Density

  • Age

  • Volume

  • Expansion Rate of Space

Explanation

Question 25 of 128

1

How did the Universe become transparent?

Select one of the following:

  • Electrons and ions cooled off and recombined to form atoms,
    allowing light to pass.

  • Electron and ions got hotter causing the atoms to never form, allowing
    light to pass.

  • Photons never allowed Hydrogen atoms to form as they continuously
    ionized them.

  • The universe is not transparent, but opaque. The light is constantly
    absorbed and never re-emitted.

Explanation

Question 26 of 128

1

What happens when anti-matter and matter interact with each other?

Select one of the following:

  • They pass through each other

  • They annihilate each other, resulting in the conversion of matter to
    energy.

  • They merge with each other to form a new particle.

  • They annihilate each other, resulting in the loss of energy

Explanation

Question 27 of 128

1

Which one of the following are the four fundamental forces in the universe?

Select one of the following:

  • Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong, GUT

  • Gravity, Electroweak, Strong, Weak

  • Gravity, Electroweak, Small, Large

  • . Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong, Weak

Explanation

Question 28 of 128

1

The theory of inflation says that:

Select one of the following:

  • Space underwent a rapid expansion in a very brief period in the
    early universe

  • Space underwent a rapid compression in a very brief period in the early
    universe

  • Space underwent a slow expansion in a very long period in the early
    universe

  • Space underwent a slow compression in a very long period in the early
    universe

Explanation

Question 29 of 128

1

How did the theory of inflation solve the flatness problem?

Select one of the following:

  • Because of the rapid compression of space, the Universe had its curvature
    flattened.

  • Because of the slow expansion of space, the Universe had its curvature
    flattened

  • It doesn’t solve the flatness problem.

  • Because of the rapid expansion of space, the Universe had its curvature
    flattened.

Explanation

Question 30 of 128

1

Which statement is correct about the big bang theory?

Select one of the following:

  • It predicts that about 75% of the mass of the baryonic matter ended up in
    Hydrogen, with about 25% in He.

  • It predicts that about 380,000 years after the big bang, radiation decoupled
    from matter and this radiation is now observed as the CMB with a current
    temperature of about 3 Kelvin

  • It predicts that temperature drops as the Universe expands.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 31 of 128

1

The initial matter perturbations which grew with time and later formed galaxies
and clusters of galaxies are observationally imprinted in the:

Select one of the following:

  • Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)
    radiation

  • Nuclei of H and He

  • Planck Era

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 128

1

How long after the Big Bang was the CMB formed?

Select one of the following:

  • 1 second

  • 380,000 years

  • 100,000,000 years

  • 10-33 seconds

Explanation

Question 33 of 128

1

How do the temperature and matter density of the Universe change with time?

Select one of the following:

  • They both increase with time

  • They both decrease with time

  • Matter density decreases but temperature increases

  • Matter density increases but temperature decreases

Explanation

Question 34 of 128

1

The curvature of the universe is:

Select one of the following:

  • Flat

  • Open

  • Closed

  • Twisted

Explanation

Question 35 of 128

1

If the density of the universe is than the critical density, then it will ____.
If the density of the universe is than the critical density, then it will ____.

Select one of the following:

  • greater, expand, less, collapse

  • less, expand, greater, stay the same

  • less, expand, greater, collapse

  • less, stay the same, greater, expand

Explanation

Question 36 of 128

1

The fate of the universe is controlled by:

Select one of the following:

  • energy of expansion

  • gravitational energy

  • binding energy

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 37 of 128

1

The universe is made up of:

Select one of the following:

  • 73% Dark Matter, 23% Dark Energy, and 4% Atoms

  • 73% Atoms, 23% Dark Matter, and 4% Dark Energy

  • 73% Dark Energy, 23% Dark Matter, and 4% Atoms

  • 73% Dark Energy, 23% Atoms, and 4% Dark Matter

Explanation

Question 38 of 128

1

The Big Crunch is a cosmological scenario that says the future of our universe is:

Select one of the following:

  • The universe will stop expanding and collapse on itself.

  • The universe will stop expanding and stay the same.

  • The universe will expand faster and faster.

  • The universe will stop expanding and then expand even faster

Explanation

Question 39 of 128

1

The bending and magnifying of light due to gravity is known as:

Select one of the following:

  • the cosmological principle

  • Olbers’ Paradox

  • Gravitational Lensing

  • Hubble’s Law

Explanation

Question 40 of 128

1

Where do stars mostly form?

Select one of the following:

  • In very hot gases rich in Hydrogen atom

  • In very hot gases at the center of the galaxies

  • In cold molecular gases

  • In the less dense hot gas between galaxies

Explanation

Question 41 of 128

1

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the elliptical galaxies?

Select one of the following:

  • They have no particular shape

  • They have no spiral arms

  • They have smooth featureless appearance

  • They have old stellar population

Explanation

Question 42 of 128

1

What is the Hubble’s tuning fork?

Select one of the following:

  • It is used to tune musical instruments

  • It is a tuning fork shaped diagram into which galaxies are organized
    morphologically

  • It is a way to classify stars within a galaxy

  • It is the formation model of the Universe

Explanation

Question 43 of 128

1

Which of the following is correct about the irregular galaxies?

Select one of the following:

  • They have many hot, young stars

  • They have spiral arms

  • They have large amounts of interstellar matter

  • They have many hot, young stars & They have large amounts of interstellar matter

Explanation

Question 44 of 128

1

Largest galaxies in rich clusters reside close to the ...

Select one of the following:

  • cluster's disk

  • cluster's halo

  • cluster's center

  • cluster's edge

Explanation

Question 45 of 128

1

In rich clusters most galaxies are in the form of ... and ...

Select one of the following:

  • Spiral, Elliptical

  • Elliptical, S0

  • Irregular, Elliptical

  • Irregular, Spiral

Explanation

Question 46 of 128

1

Most galaxies that are not in clusters are in the form of ... and ...

Select one of the following:

  • Spiral, Elliptical

  • Elliptical, S0

  • Irregular, Elliptical

  • Irregular, Spiral

Explanation

Question 47 of 128

1

Which statement is NOT true about rich clusters of galaxies?

Select one of the following:

  • Rich clusters contain hundreds to thousands of member galaxies.

  • Rich clusters have hot gas and dust

  • Rich clusters have a ragged, irregular appearance

  • Rich clusters are roughly spherical

Explanation

Question 48 of 128

1

What seems to be playing an important role in keeping galaxy clusters together, is
the ...

Select one of the following:

  • Dark Energy

  • Electron Degeneracy pressure

  • Dark Matter

  • Dark Chocolate

Explanation

Question 49 of 128

1

The Metallicity (Fraction of heavy elements) of the Inter Galactic Medium is
usually ... that of the Interstellar Medium.

Select one of the following:

  • Less than

  • higher than

  • equal to

  • twice

Explanation

Question 50 of 128

1

What process forms new elements in stars?

Select one of the following:

  • Fission

  • Fusion

  • Nucleosynthesis

  • photosynthesis

Explanation

Question 51 of 128

1

What will finally happen to the Sun?

Select one of the following:

  • It will explode in a supernova explosion.

  • It gradually ejects its outer layers to later form a planetary nebula and its
    leftover core turns into a white dwarf.

  • It finally turns into a black hole surrounded by a planetary nebula.

  • It becomes a rotating neutron star that regularly emits pulses of radiation.

Explanation

Question 52 of 128

1

What is the maximum mass that a stable white dwarf star can have (The
Chandrasekhar mass limit)?

Select one of the following:

  • 1.4 times the mass of the Sun.

  • 3 times the mass of the Sun.

  • 100 times the mass of the Sun.

  • 0.1 times the mass of the Sun.

Explanation

Question 53 of 128

1

What is the main source of energy in the Sun?

Select one of the following:

  • Nuclear fission in the core.

  • Nuclear fusion in the core.

  • Gravitational contraction of the Sun.

  • Magnetic field of the Sun.

Explanation

Question 54 of 128

1

How do very massive stars die eventually?

Select one of the following:

  • They explode in a supernova explosion and leave a neutron star or a black
    hole behind.

  • They turn into a planetary nebula.

  • They explode in a supernova explosion and leave a white dwarf star behind.

  • Very massive stars never die. They keep on producing energy forever.

Explanation

Question 55 of 128

1

What is the heaviest nucleus that can be formed in the core of very massive stars?

Select one of the following:

  • Uranium.

  • Carbon.

  • Helium.

  • Iron.

Explanation

Question 56 of 128

1

Very heavy elements such as uranium, gold and mercury are formed in ...?

Select one of the following:

  • The Big Bang.

  • The core of low-mass stars.

  • The core of high-mass stars.

  • Supernova explosions

Explanation

Question 57 of 128

1

Astronomers use supernovae type Ia to directly measure ...?

Select one of the following:

  • The speed of light in distant galaxies.

  • Temperature of nearby galaxies.

  • Distance to faraway galaxies .

  • Rotation curve of the Milky Way galaxy.

Explanation

Question 58 of 128

1

Which of the following describe the early stages in the formation of stars in the
right order?

Select one of the following:

  • Cold molecular gas, Gravitational collapse, formation of disk, protostar phase

  • Hot molecular gas, Gravitational collapse, formation of disk, protostar phase

  • Protostar phase, hot molecular gas, gravitational collapse, formation of disk

  • Cold molecular gas, protostar phase, gravitational collapse, formation of disk

Explanation

Question 59 of 128

1

Why is it difficult to find protostars using optical telescopes?

Select one of the following:

  • Because protostars do not exist in the nearby Universe

  • Because protostars are shrouded by gas and dust

  • Because protostars are black

  • Because protostars are much smaller than the smallest planets

Explanation

Question 60 of 128

1

What is the composition of the gas between stars?

Select one of the following:

  • It is all made of Hydrogen and Helium

  • 98% Hydrogen and Helium and 2% heavier elements

  • 50% Hydrogen and 50% Helium

  • It is mostly made of metals

Explanation

Question 61 of 128

1

Why don't we have any star less massive than 0.08 times the mass of the Sun?

Select one of the following:

  • Because gravity is not strong enough to cool down the gas at the center of
    these objects

  • Because all of these objects explode before being able to form a star

  • Because gravity is so strong in these objects that prevents the formation of
    a star

  • Because their cores never reach hydrogen fusion temperatures

Explanation

Question 62 of 128

1

What is the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram?

Select one of the following:

  • It is a plot of luminosity versus temperature where stars are located

  • It is a plot of chemical composition of the stars

  • It is a plot of luminosity versus number of stars

  • It is a plot of mass versus chemical composition

Explanation

Question 63 of 128

1

What mechanism prevents stars of mass less than 0.08 times the mass of the Sun from collapsing
under the influence of gravity?

Select one of the following:

  • Radiation pressure

  • Degeneracy pressure

  • Osmotic pressure

  • Peer pressure

Explanation

Question 64 of 128

1

What element is produced in the final stages of fusion inside a star similar to the Sun?

Select one of the following:

  • Helium

  • Carbon

  • Hydrogen

  • Photons

Explanation

Question 65 of 128

1

What is the definition of half-life for materials that undergo radioactive decay?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the time it takes for the atoms of the material to disappear completely

  • It is the time it takes for half of the atoms in a given sample of the material to decay

  • It is the time since the big bang for all radioactive materials

  • It is the time it takes for 80 percent of the atoms of the material to decay

Explanation

Question 66 of 128

1

What is radioactive dating used for?

Select one of the following:

  • To measure the distance to objects

  • To measure the temperature of material

  • To measure the age of material

  • To measure the metallicity of material

Explanation

Question 67 of 128

1

Which of the following should be among the predictions of any model of the solar
system’s formation?

Select one of the following:

  • Rocky, dense planets must be found close to the sun

  • Planets must go around the sun in more or less the same plane

  • There should exist a lot of gas and dust in inner parts of the solar system close to the sun

  • Rocky, dense planets must be found close to the sun &
    Planets must go around the sun in more or less the same plane

Explanation

Question 68 of 128

1

Which of the following is the most successful model of solar system formation?

Select one of the following:

  • Solar Nebula Theory

  • Collision with another star Theory

  • Dark Matter Theory

  • Big bang Theory

Explanation

Question 69 of 128

1

One explanation of why the planets near the Sun are composed mainly of rock and iron is
that ...?

Select one of the following:

  • The Sun’s magnetic field attracted all the iron in the young Solar System into the
    region around the Sun

  • The Sun is made mostly of iron, so gas ejected from its surface cooled and
    condensed to form iron rich planets

  • The Sun’s heat made it difficult for other substances such as ices and gases
    to condense near it

  • The Sun’s gravity pulled iron and other heavy material inward and allowed the
    lighter material to float outward

Explanation

Question 70 of 128

1

What was the separation process in the formation of planets during which denser material
sank toward the center of bodies and lighter material floated toward the surface?

Select one of the following:

  • Integration

  • Differentiation

  • Materialization

  • Globalization

Explanation

Question 71 of 128

1

What are the two main processes that could have formed the atmosphere of planets?

Select one of the following:

  • Condensation and Outgassing

  • Outgassing and Collisions

  • Melting and Collisions

  • Vaporization and Melting

Explanation

Question 72 of 128

1

Why is it difficult for smaller planets to form an atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Because smaller planets do not get hot enough to have an atmosphere

  • Because smaller planets have a different chemical composition not allowing them to have an atmosphere

  • Because small planets have weak gravity that makes it difficult for them to
    hold on to the atmospheres they form

  • Because smaller planets form at much earlier stages in the formation of Solar System

Explanation

Question 73 of 128

1

What are the main methods for detecting extra solar planets (Exoplanets)?

Select one of the following:

  • Doppler Method, transit method and gravitational lensing

  • Gravitational lensing, laser method and Doppler method

  • Doppler method, transit method and Dark Matter method

  • Transit method, Doppler method and laser method

Explanation

Question 74 of 128

1

How do we detect planets using the transit method?

Select one of the following:

  • By looking at the blue shifting and red shifting of light

  • By looking at the change in brightness as the planet moves in its orbit
    around the star

  • By looking at the gravitational effects of the star on planet

  • By looking at the direct images taken from the planet

Explanation

Question 75 of 128

1

What parameters determine the environment of a planet?

Select one of the following:

  • Mass and size of the planet.

  • The role of atmosphere.

  • The role of sunlight.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 76 of 128

1

Which statement is NOT correct about outer planets in the solar system?

Select one of the following:

  • They have many moons.

  • They are mostly made up of rocks and metals.

  • They are bigger and more massive than inner planets.

  • They have no solid surface.

Explanation

Question 77 of 128

1

The Earth's crust is mostly made up of ...?

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen and hydrogen.

  • Hydrogen and helium.

  • Oxygen and silicon.

  • Iron and nickel.

Explanation

Question 78 of 128

1

In which layer of the Earth's interior, heat is mainly transported to upper layers by
convection?

Select one of the following:

  • The crust.

  • The mantle.

  • The solid inner core.

  • Crust and solid inner core.

Explanation

Question 79 of 128

1

Earthquakes and volcanoes on Earth are more active near ...?

Select one of the following:

  • Plate boundaries.

  • Bottom of the oceans.

  • Continents.

  • The Earth's core.

Explanation

Question 80 of 128

1

What is the main source of the Earth's magnetic field?

Select one of the following:

  • Solar flares.

  • Current flows in the molten iron core.

  • Iron content of the Earth's crust.

  • Motion of charged particles in the atmosphere.

Explanation

Question 81 of 128

1

Where is the the ''frost line'' (the division between the inner warm part and outer cold parts of the
solar system) located?

Select one of the following:

  • between the orbits of Saturn and Neptine

  • between the orbits of the Earth and Venus

  • between the orbits of Earth and Mars

  • between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Explanation

Question 82 of 128

1

What is believed to be the origin of Earth's Moon?

Select one of the following:

  • A catastrophic impact with a Mars-sized object 4.5 billion years ago

  • Orbital capture of a passing celestial body

  • Aliens put it there

  • It formed the same time Earth had formed.

Explanation

Question 83 of 128

1

Which statement is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • There was liquid water on the Earth’s surface 4.5 billion years ago.

  • There is more CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans now.

  • There is more Oxygen in the atmosphere now than 4 billion years ago.

  • Oceans formed on the surface of the Earth two thousand years ago.

Explanation

Question 84 of 128

1

What is the origin of Oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Comets and asteroids

  • Plants and bacteria

  • Volcanoes

  • The Sun

Explanation

Question 85 of 128

1

If the thermal velocity of atmospheric gas is ___ the escape velocity of the planet, the
atmosphere can escape.

Select one of the following:

  • Half of

  • Much less than

  • One fourth of

  • Close to

Explanation

Question 86 of 128

1

The Earth’s atmosphere is mostly composed of ___.

Select one of the following:

  • Hydrogen

  • Oxygen

  • Nitrogen

  • Methane

Explanation

Question 87 of 128

1

The higher the elevation on Earth, ___ the atmospheric pressure.

Select one of the following:

  • The same

  • The higher

  • The lower

  • The colder

Explanation

Question 88 of 128

1

Which part of the Electromagnetic spectrum is more absorbed by Greenhouse gasses?

Select one of the following:

  • Ultraviolet

  • Radio

  • Infrared

  • Gamma rays

Explanation

Question 89 of 128

1

What is some evidence supporting that all continents were once united into one single continent?

Select one of the following:

  • Distinctive fossil groups found in Africa and South America

  • Similarities of geological features and rock ages on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean

  • Similarities in shorelines

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 90 of 128

1

Why was the continental drift hypothesis rejected at the time of proposal?

Select one of the following:

  • Similarities of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean

  • Inadequate mechanism of continental movement

  • Similarities of rock ages in some continents

  • Continental shoreline similarities

Explanation

Question 91 of 128

1

Which of the following supports the “seafloor spreading” hypothesis?

Select one of the following:

  • Seafloor is younger near the ridges

  • The ages of the seafloor are symmetric on either side of the ridges

  • Magnetic polarity reversals are recorded in ocean floor

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 92 of 128

1

What mainly causes the Earth’s crust to be dynamically moving?

Select one of the following:

  • Convectional currents in the mantle

  • Tidal forces on the Earth’s crust

  • Earthquakes and volcanoes

  • Meteorite impacts

Explanation

Question 93 of 128

1

The Mid-Atlantic ridge is a result of ___?

Select one of the following:

  • Transform faults

  • Convergent plate boundaries

  • Divergent plate boundaries

  • Side-to-side plate boundaries

Explanation

Question 94 of 128

1

Subduction of oceanic plates and formation of volcanic mountains, accompanied by earthquakes
is a result of ___?

Select one of the following:

  • Convergent plate boundaries

  • Divergent plate boundaries

  • Side-to-side plate boundaries

  • Transform faults

Explanation

Question 95 of 128

1

In ___, the continental lithosphere cannot recycle. The crust thickens creating high mountains, a
wide plateau, and severe earthquakes.

Select one of the following:

  • Continent-continent convergence

  • Ocean-continent convergence

  • Ocean-ocean convergence

  • Ocean-ocean divergence

Explanation

Question 96 of 128

1

Which of the following correctly describes the geological time scales in order of increasing
divisions of time?

Select one of the following:

  • Eon, Era, Period, Epoch

  • Period, Epoch, Era, Eon

  • Epoch, Period, Era, Eon

  • Era, Eon, Period, Epoch

Explanation

Question 97 of 128

1

Which of the following is NOT true about the early Earth?

Select one of the following:

  • Violent impacts were fairly common.

  • Early Earth was relatively cool.

  • Earth was very hot at the beginning.

  • Heavier elements sank to the center and lighter elements moved toward the surface.

Explanation

Question 98 of 128

1

The correct description of the Earth’s layers from inside out is given in which of the following
choices?

Select one of the following:

  • Liquid iron inner core, solid iron outer core, mantle, crust

  • Mantle, crust, solid iron inner core, liquid iron outer core

  • Liquid iron outer core, solid iron inner core, mantle, crust

  • Solid inner iron core, liquid outer iron core, mantle, crust

Explanation

Question 99 of 128

1

What is believed to be the reason for the late Heavy Bombardment between 4 to 3.8 billion
years ago?

Select one of the following:

  • Change in the orbits of the Jovian planets.

  • Change in the temperature of the Sun

  • Complete reversal of the orbits of planets due to a nearby star.

  • Change in the chemical composition of the Sun.

Explanation

Question 100 of 128

1

When the Earth formed and the crust first cooled and solidified, what was the dominant rock
type?

Select one of the following:

  • Igneous rock

  • Metamorphic rock

  • Sedimentary rock

  • Both a and b

Explanation

Question 101 of 128

1

What is the most common rock type on the Earth today?

Select one of the following:

  • Igneous rock

  • Metamorphic rock

  • Sedimentary rock

  • Both a and b

Explanation

Question 102 of 128

1

Which of the following are possible causes for mass extinctions?

Select one of the following:

  • Massive meteor impact

  • Global rise or fall in the Earth’s temperature

  • Increased global volcanic activity

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 103 of 128

1

Ozone layer in the atmosphere blocks which part of the Sun’s light spectrum more?

Select one of the following:

  • Ultraviolet

  • Radio

  • Gamma ray

  • Visible

Explanation

Question 104 of 128

1

When did oxygen start building up in the Earth’s atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • When the Earth was forming.

  • When the Earth was half its present age.

  • When dinosaurs became extinct.

  • When the Universe was half its present age.

Explanation

Question 105 of 128

1

Why is there less CO2 in the atmosphere in the summer months, compared to the winter
months?

Select one of the following:

  • People greatly decrease their CO2 emissions in the summer.

  • The Earth is farther away from the Sun in the summer.

  • There is more direct sunlight in the summer.

  • Many plants die in the winter, so there are more plants that are photosynthesizing in
    the summer.

Explanation

Question 106 of 128

1

The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions
of life is ___.

Select one of the following:

  • An organ

  • A cell

  • An atom

  • A tissue

Explanation

Question 107 of 128

1

A/An ___ cell has a central control structure called a nucleus, which contains the cell’s DNA.

Select one of the following:

  • Prokaryotic

  • Archaean

  • Viral

  • Eukaryotic

Explanation

Question 108 of 128

1

Different independent parts of a eukaryotic cell that are assigned different functions are called
___.

Select one of the following:

  • Organs

  • Nuclei

  • Organelles

  • DNAs

Explanation

Question 109 of 128

1

What is correct about plant and animal cells?

Select one of the following:

  • Animal cells have mitochondria, while plant cells have both mitochondria and
    chloroplasts.

  • Plant cells have mitochondria, while animal cells have both mitochondria and
    chloroplasts.

  • Animal and plant cells have chloroplasts.

  • Animal and plant cells lack chloroplasts.

Explanation

Question 110 of 128

1

Mitochondria are able to metabolize ___.

Select one of the following:

  • Phosphorus in the presence of oxygen.

  • Sugar in the presence of oxygen.

  • Sugar in the presence of sunlight.

  • Sugar in the presence of both sunlight and oxygen.

Explanation

Question 111 of 128

1

According to Endosymbiosis Theory, Eukaryotic cells are formed by:

Select one of the following:

  • The folding of a membrane or tissue.

  • The combination of two or more prokaryotic cells.

  • The division of a bigger cell into smaller eukaryotic cells.

  • Plant cells.

Explanation

Question 112 of 128

1

Which of the following is a common characteristic of life?

Select one of the following:

  • Growth

  • Metabolism

  • Reproduction

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 113 of 128

1

Living things are made up of ___ amino acids.

Select one of the following:

  • Left-handed

  • Right-handed

  • Both left and right-handed

  • Neither left nor right-handed

Explanation

Question 114 of 128

1

What are the two main varieties of nucleic acids?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA and RNA

  • Sugars and lipids

  • Lipids and carbohydrates

  • Lipids and steroids

Explanation

Question 115 of 128

1

Which of the following is a genetic material that stores information for their own replication and
for the sequence of amino acids in proteins?

Select one of the following:

  • RNA

  • Phospholipids

  • DNA

  • Monosaccharaides

Explanation

Question 116 of 128

1

DNA bases are connected with ___?

Select one of the following:

  • Metallic bonds

  • Covalent bonds

  • Hydrogen bonds

  • Ionic bonds

Explanation

Question 117 of 128

1

What element is the main basis for life on Earth?

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen

  • Water

  • Carbon

  • Silicon

Explanation

Question 118 of 128

1

Three main types of cells are _____:

Select one of the following:

  • Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, and Archaean.

  • Bacterias, Archaeas, and Prokaryotic.

  • Bacterias, Archaeas, and Animal.

  • Animal, Plant, and Prokaryotic.

Explanation

Question 119 of 128

1

These types of cells have qualities of both Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes:

Select one of the following:

  • Archaean Cells

  • Viral Cells

  • Bacterias

  • Plant Cells

Explanation

Question 120 of 128

1

The main kingdoms of eukaryotic cells are:

Select one of the following:

  • Bacteria and Archaea

  • Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista

  • Bacteria, Archaea, and Protista

  • Bacteria, Archaea, Animalia, and Fungi

Explanation

Question 121 of 128

1

______ cells are usually found in harsh environments and may use inorganic chemicals to generate energy.

Select one of the following:

  • Bacterial

  • Eukaryotic

  • Archaean

  • Animal

Explanation

Question 122 of 128

1

How many types of amino acids are used by life on Earth?

Select one of the following:

  • 3

  • 10

  • 20

  • 25

Explanation

Question 123 of 128

1

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used by cells for what purpose?

Select one of the following:

  • Regulating osmosis

  • Storing energy

  • Managing the expression of DNA

  • Communicating with other cells

Explanation

Question 124 of 128

1

How do the structures of DNA and RNA compare?

Select one of the following:

  • both DNA and RNA are double-helix shaped

  • DNA is double-helix shaped while RNA is single-stranded

  • RNA is double-helix shaped while DNA is single-stranded

  • both DNA and RNA are single-stranded

Explanation

Question 125 of 128

1

What aspect of a DNA molecule is responsible for encoding
information?

Select one of the following:

  • the sugar-phosphate backbone

  • the nitrogenous base pairs

  • the secondary structure

  • the tertiary structure

Explanation

Question 126 of 128

1

Proteins are built from long chains of which molecules?

Select one of the following:

  • Carbohydrates

  • Lipids

  • Amino Acids

  • Water molecules

Explanation

Question 127 of 128

1

What nucleotides are found in DNA?

Select one of the following:

  • Cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine

  • Cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine

  • Thymine, adenine, guanine

  • Cytosine and guanine

Explanation

Question 128 of 128

1

What property or properties of water make it essential for life on
Earth?

Select one of the following:

  • its cohesive and adhesive properties

  • a high heat capacity

  • its polar solvent nature, facilitating chemical reactions

  • all of these answers

Explanation

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