Avi Chudasama
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2 Anatomy Part 2 (Exam 4) Quiz on Chapter 24, created by Avi Chudasama on 15/12/2015.

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Avi Chudasama
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Chapter 24

Question 1 of 65

1

most of the body water is in

Select one of the following:

  • the intracelluar fluid

  • the extracellular fluid

  • tissue (interstitial) fluid

  • blood plasma and lymph

  • the transcellular fluid

Explanation

Question 2 of 65

1

osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by

Select one of the following:

  • the temperature difference between compartments

  • the relative concentration of solutes in each compartment

  • the relative volume in each compartment

  • the relative size of each compartment

Explanation

Question 3 of 65

1

in which of these compartments would fluid accumulate in edema

Select one of the following:

  • intracellular fluid

  • transcellular fluid

  • tissue (interstitial) fluid

  • blood plasma

  • lymph

Explanation

Question 4 of 65

1

most body water comes from ____ whereas most body water is lost via ____

Select one of the following:

  • metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration

  • metabolic water; sweat

  • drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air

  • drinking; urine

  • drinking; radiation

Explanation

Question 5 of 65

1

fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called

Select one of the following:

  • baroreceptors

  • propioceptors

  • nociceptors

  • osmoreceptors

  • mechanoreceptors

Explanation

Question 6 of 65

1

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Select one of the following:

  • stimulates angiotensin II secretion

  • promotes water conservation

  • stimulates hypothalamic

  • osmorereceptors

  • argets the cerebral cortex

Explanation

Question 7 of 65

1

water output is significantly controlled through variations in

Select one of the following:

  • metabolic water

  • sweating

  • cutaneous transpiration

  • urine volume

  • drinking

Explanation

Question 8 of 65

1

when blood volume and pressure
are too high

Select one of the following:

  • ADH release is inhibited.

  • ADH release is stimulated

  • renal tubules reabsorb more water

  • renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.

  • the kidneys produce less urine

Explanation

Question 9 of 65

1

prolonged exposure to cold weather can lead to

Select one of the following:

  • fluid sequestration in the upper limbs

  • hypotonic hydration.

  • hypovolemia.

  • positive water balance.

  • negative water balance

Explanation

Question 10 of 65

1

dehydration results in increased blood and ECF osmolarity. this makes osmoreceptors stimulate____ secretion by the hypothalamus ___ in the DCT and CD

Select one of the following:

  • ADH; decreasing water reabsorption

  • ADH; increasing water reabsorption

  • aldosterone; decreasing sodium and water reabsorption

  • aldosterone; increasing sodium and water reabsorption

  • angiotensin II; increasing sodium reabsorption

Explanation

Question 11 of 65

1

Hemorrhages...

Select one of the following:

  • decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity

  • decrease body water but increase osmolarity

  • decrease body water and decrease osmolarity

  • increase ECF volume but decrease ICF volume

  • decrease ECF volume but increase ICF volume.

Explanation

Question 12 of 65

1

long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly
associated with

Select one of the following:

  • cooling of the mouth

  • distention of the stomach by ingested water

  • a drop in blood osmolarity

  • moistening of the mouth

  • increased salivation

Explanation

Question 13 of 65

1

this is the principal cation of the ECF

Select one of the following:

  • Ca 2+

  • Cl -

  • Na +

  • K +

  • Pi

Explanation

Question 14 of 65

1

aldosterone receptors are found on cells of

Select one of the following:

  • the adrenal cortex

  • the adernal medulla

  • the posterior pituitary

  • PCT

  • the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Explanation

Question 15 of 65

1

Aldosterone...

Select one of the following:

  • increases both Na+ and K+ reabsorption.

  • increases both Na+ and K+ secretion.

  • increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.

  • reduces Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion.

  • causes the urine to be more diluted.

Explanation

Question 16 of 65

1

chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ____ homeostasis

Select one of the following:

  • H2PO4-

  • PO43-

  • HCO3-

  • Na+

  • K+

Explanation

Question 17 of 65

1

the calcium of the body fluids does/is not

Select one of the following:

  • participate in muscle contraction

  • a significant component of nucleic acids.

  • serve as a second messenger

  • activate exocytosis.

  • important in blood clotting.

Explanation

Question 18 of 65

1

calcium concentration is regulated by

Select one of the following:

  • hormones

  • sodium and calcium concentration in plasma

  • chloirde and phosphate concentration in plasma

  • the parasympathetic nervous system

  • the sympatheic neverous syster

Explanation

Question 19 of 65

1

the major chemical buffers system of the body are the ___ systems

Select one of the following:

  • urinary and respiratory

  • urinary and digestive

  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein

  • bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein

  • bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrate

Explanation

Question 20 of 65

1

what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in blood plasma

Select one of the following:

  • fibrinogen

  • albumin

  • alpha globulins

  • gamma globulins

  • transferrin

Explanation

Question 21 of 65

1

what protein(s) is/are the most important buffer(s) in erythrocytes

Select one of the following:

  • albumin

  • fibrinogen

  • gamma globulins

  • hemoglobin

  • myoglobin

Explanation

Question 22 of 65

1

when the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they ___ at the same time

Select one of the following:

  • secrete potassium

  • secrete sodium

  • reabsorb potassium

  • secrete chloride

  • reabsorb sodium

Explanation

Question 23 of 65

1

proteins can buffer a drop of pH by their ____ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their ____ side groups

Select one of the following:

  • -NH2; -PO4

  • -PO4; -COOH

  • -NH2; -COOH

  • -COOH; -NH2

  • -PO4; -NH2

Explanation

Question 24 of 65

1

in a person with normal acid-base balance, there are no bicarbonate ions in urine because

Select one of the following:

  • they are consumed by neutralizing H+.

  • they are reabsorbed by the renal tubule cells.

  • they are exchanged for CO2.

  • they are exchanged for Cl-.

  • they rapidly diffuse into the renal tubule cells.

Explanation

Question 25 of 65

1

in acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is ___, which ____ the central nervous system

Select one of the following:

  • repolarized; inhibits

  • depolarized; stimulates

  • hyperpolarized; depresses

  • depolarized; depresses

  • hyperpolarized; stimulates

Explanation

Question 26 of 65

1

Blood Plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 65

1

In a state of water balance, average daily fluid gains and losses are equal

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 65

1

fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 65

1

the kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 65

1

Hypovolemic refers to a reduction in total body water while maintaining normal osmolarity

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 31 of 65

1

Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 65

1

Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 65

1

Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 34 of 65

1

Hypocalcemia causes muscle weakness, whereas hypercalcemia causes potentially fatal muscle tetanus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 65

1

Chloride homeostasis is regulated as a side effect of sodium homeostasis

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 65

1

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 65

1

The kidneys neutralize more acid or base than any other buffer system

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 65

1

Acidosis is a pH lower than 7, whereas alkalosis is a pH higher than 7

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 65

1

Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 65

1

a buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 65

1

Hypernatremia is a plasma___concentration above normal

Select one of the following:

  • Na+

  • K+

  • NaCl

  • Cl-

Explanation

Question 42 of 65

1

Hypernatremia tends to cause all of the following except

Select one of the following:

  • a reduction in plasma volume

  • a gain in plasma volume

  • reduction in blood

  • a again in blood

Explanation

Question 43 of 65

1

_____ is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.

Select one of the following:

  • Na+

  • K+

  • Cl-

  • H+

Explanation

Question 44 of 65

1

____does not stimulate aldosterone secretion

Select one of the following:

  • High blood sodium concentration

  • Low blood sodium concentration

  • High blood potassium concentration

  • Low blood Potassium concentration

Explanation

Question 45 of 65

1

women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of

Select one of the following:

  • aldosterone

  • plasma

  • blood

  • water

Explanation

Question 46 of 65

1

this is the most abundant cation of the ICF

Select one of the following:

  • K+

  • Na+

  • Cl-

  • H+

Explanation

Question 47 of 65

1

the total body water (TBW) contente of a 70 kg young male is about

Select one of the following:

  • 40L

  • 4L

  • 400L

  • 4000L

Explanation

Question 48 of 65

1

this is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume

Select one of the following:

  • K+

  • H+

  • Cl-

  • Na+

Explanation

Question 49 of 65

1

these scenarious are related with hyperkalemia except

Select one of the following:

  • resting membrane potential is more positive

  • resting membrane potential is more negative

Explanation

Question 50 of 65

1

In a state of hypokalemia

Select one of the following:

  • cells are hyperpolarized

  • cells are hypopolarized

  • cells remain the same

Explanation

Question 51 of 65

1

hypokalemia can result from all of the following except from

Select one of the following:

  • aldosterone hyposecretion
    

  • aldosterone hypersecretion
    

Explanation

Question 52 of 65

1

this is the moste abundant anion of the ECF

Select one of the following:

  • Cl-

  • Na+

  • K+

  • H+

Explanation

Question 53 of 65

1

the inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids

Select one of the following:

  • form crystals with calcium in the presence of calsequestrin

  • form crystals with potassium in the presence of calsequestrin

Explanation

Question 54 of 65

1

excretion of phosphate

Select one of the following:

  • increases free calcium ions in the ECF

  • increases free potassium ions in the ECF

  • decreases free calcium ions in the ECF

  • decreases free potassium ions in the ECF

Explanation

Question 55 of 65

1

___ represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system.

Select one of the following:

  • CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+

  • H2CO3 <--> CO2 + H20

  • H+ + CO3 <--> H2CO3

Explanation

Question 56 of 65

1

tissue fluid normally has a pHof

Select one of the following:

  • 7.35-7.45

  • 8.35-8.45

  • 7.15-7.25

  • 7.85-7.95

Explanation

Question 57 of 65

1

A weak base

Select one of the following:

  • Binds little H+ and has a weak effect of pH

  • Binds little H+ and has a strong effect of pH

Explanation

Question 58 of 65

1

the pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by

Select one of the following:

  • proteins

  • carbohydrates

  • lipids

  • fatty acids

Explanation

Question 59 of 65

1

the bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory sytem, which

Select one of the following:

  • expels CO2 produced by the buffer system

  • intakes CO2 produced by the buffer system

  • expels H2O produced by the buffer system

  • intakes H2O produced by the buffer system

Explanation

Question 60 of 65

1

an antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells

Select one of the following:

  • exchanges K+ for Na+

  • exchanges Na+ for K+

  • exchanges K+ for H+

  • exchanges Na+ for Cl-

Explanation

Question 61 of 65

1

in acidosis, the kidneys compensate by

Select one of the following:

  • secreting more ammonia

  • secreting more water

  • secreting more plasma

Explanation

Question 62 of 65

1

breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to

Select one of the following:

  • respitory acidosis

  • metabolic alkalosis

Explanation

Question 63 of 65

1

excessive intake of antacids can lead to

Select one of the following:

  • metabolic alkalosis

  • respitory acidosis

Explanation

Question 64 of 65

1

chronic vomiting can lead to

Select one of the following:

  • metabolic alkalosis

  • repiratory acidosis

Explanation

Question 65 of 65

1

emphysema can lead to

Select one of the following:

  • metabolic alkalosis

  • repiratory acidosis

Explanation

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