The First Crusade and the Background to it, 1070-1099

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Question 1 of 101

The place where the Seljuk Turks had originated from.

Select one of the following:

Persia
Anatolia
Egypt
Central Asia

Explanation

Question 2 of 101

The place where the Turks had migrated recently from. They were heavily influenced by its culture and language.

Select one of the following:

Scandinavia
Romania
Persia
Europe

Explanation

Question 3 of 101

The nomadic Islamic people who had invaded Anatolia in the 1060's after conquering Persia.

Select one of the following:

Abbasids
Fatimids
Egyptians
Seljuk Turks

Explanation

Question 4 of 101

The Christian land that the Seljuk Turks overran after Manzikert, during the 1070's and 1080's.

Select one of the following:

Anatolia
Persia
Romania
Scandinavia

Explanation

Question 5 of 101

The territories conquered by the Turks in Anatolia that became a separate sultanate.

Select one of the following:

Danishmends
Rum
Hama
Aleppo

Explanation

Question 6 of 101

The Seljuk ruler who ruled the empire at its greatest extent and after whose death in 1092 collapsed.

Select one of the following:

Alp Arslan
Tughril
Malik Shah I
Barkiyaruq

Explanation

Question 7 of 101

The important battle that took place between the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks in 1071. The Byzantine army was routed.

Select one of the following:

Harran
Inab
Ramlah
Manzikert

Explanation

Question 8 of 101

The leader of the Seljuk Turks who captured the Byzantine emperor at Manzikert in 1071.

Select one of the following:

Tughril
Alp Arslan
Muhammad
Malik Shah II

Explanation

Question 9 of 101

A reforming pope who had attempted to aid Byzantium after Manzikert.

Select one of the following:

Victor I
Gregory VII
Soter
Pius I

Explanation

Question 10 of 101

The branch of religion that the Seljuk's had converted to. They recognised the titular authority of the Caliph in Baghdad.

Select one of the following:

Shia Muslim
Kharijite Islam
Sunni Islam
Sufism

Explanation

Question 11 of 101

The Shia Muslims who controlled Egypt and were at war with the Seljuk Turks over the Levant.

Select one of the following:

Seljuk Turks
Abbasids
The Assassins
Fatimids

Explanation

Question 12 of 101

The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and one of the greatest cities in the world.

Select one of the following:

Constantinople
Alexandria
Antioch
Niacea

Explanation

Question 13 of 101

The division between Eastern and Western Christians that had occurred in 1054.

Select one of the following:

Eastern v Western culture
The Great Schism
Anglicanism
Catholic v Protestant

Explanation

Question 14 of 101

The Byzantine emperor after Romanos IV. He attempted to repair relations with the papacy in 1073 in order to gain military support.

Select one of the following:

Isaac I
John II
Michael VII
Alexios I

Explanation

Question 15 of 101

A Turkish cousin of Alp Arslan. He established an understanding with Alexios I and was used to manage threats from the other Turks in Anatolia until 1086.

Select one of the following:

Balak
Sulayman
Bursq
Zengi

Explanation

Question 16 of 101

A Turk who established a semi - interdependent hold over Smyrna in southern Anatolia in 1084. His fleet threatened the Byzantine islands in the Aegean.

Select one of the following:

Sulayman
Zengi
Caka
Nur ad - Din

Explanation

Question 17 of 101

A semi - nomadic people that invaded the northern European Byzantine territories. by 1090 they had conquered many of them and were an imminent threat to Constantinople.

Select one of the following:

The Assassins
Pechenegs
Byzantines
Turks

Explanation

Question 18 of 101

The cunning Norman leader of Sicily until 1085. He was a sworn enemy of the Byzantines. He was an alley of Pope Gregory VII.

Select one of the following:

Tancred I
William III
Henry I
Robert Guiscard

Explanation

Question 19 of 101

The battle in 1081 that was a decisive Norman victory over the Byzantines. The Normans overplayed their hand shortly after

Select one of the following:

Manzikert
Ramlah
Dorylaeum
Dyrrhacion

Explanation

Question 20 of 101

In this year the Normans staged a second invasion of Byzantium but Byzantine forces were able to defeat this.

Select one of the following:

1081
1079
1082
1084

Explanation

Question 21 of 101

At this battle in 1091 the Pechenegs were almost completely annihilated by the Byzantine forces and their Cuman allies.

Select one of the following:

Manzikert
Ramlah
Lebounion
Dyrrhacion

Explanation

Question 22 of 101

A new gold coinage established in 1092 that was 30% gold, 60% silver and 10% copper. It helped to reduce inflation.

Select one of the following:

Pound Sterling
Euro
Hyperpyron
Drachma

Explanation

Question 23 of 101

The Patriarch of Constantinople appointed by Alexios I in 1084. He proved loyal to the agenda of the emperor.

Select one of the following:

Eustratius Garidas
Nicholas III Grammaticus
John IX Agapetus
Leo Styppeiotes

Explanation

Question 24 of 101

The Byzantine general who took the throne in a military coup in 1081.

Select one of the following:

Alexios II Komnenos
Andronikos I Komnenos
Alexios I Komnenos
John II Komnenos

Explanation

Question 25 of 101

A group descended from the Vikings who had settled in Sicily and raided Byzantine territories.

Select one of the following:

Latins
Fatimids
Assassins
Normans

Explanation

Question 26 of 101

The pope that Alexius sent a letter to asking for military assistance against the Seljuk Turks.

Select one of the following:

Urban II
Alexander II
Stephen IX
Paschal II

Explanation

Question 27 of 101

The German (or Holy Roman) Emperor and King of Germany that was locked in dispute with the papacy over investiture.

Select one of the following:

Conrad II
Henry III
Frederick I
Henry IV

Explanation

Question 28 of 101

A dispute between the papacy and secular princes, especially Henry IV, over who appointed bishops.

Select one of the following:

Primogeniture
Investiture
Feudal & Social
Financial

Explanation

Question 29 of 101

The allegedly ancient document that popes used to claim theoretical control over western Europe.

Select one of the following:

The Bible
Dead sea scrolls
Nicene Creed
Donation of Constantine

Explanation

Question 30 of 101

The alpine fortress where Emperor Henry IV begged Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness for three days in the snow in 1077.

Select one of the following:

Alpine Wall
Hindenburg Wall
Canossa
Brimstone Hill Fortress

Explanation

Question 31 of 101

The spiritual power that the bishops of Rome claimed from St. Peter.

Select one of the following:

Jesuitism
Petrine Authority
Anglo Catholicism
Jacobean Authority

Explanation

Question 32 of 101

A document listing the powers that the papacy claimed over the church and secular princes.

Select one of the following:

Peace of God
Donation of Constantine
Truce of God
Dictatus Papae

Explanation

Question 33 of 101

The imperial appointee as archbishop of Milan in 1075. This infuriated Gregory VII and developed into the wider investiture controversy.

Select one of the following:

Taticius
Petrus
Otto
Tedald

Explanation

Question 34 of 101

The year that the Roman synod was held that forbade lay investiture. Appointments using it were to be invalid and those involved excommunicated.

Select one of the following:

1078
1076
1071
1054

Explanation

Question 35 of 101

A rival or anti-pope to both Gregory VII and Urban II. His reign ran from 1080 - 1100. He was appointed and backed by Henry IV of Germany.

Select one of the following:

Benedict X
Honorius II
Sylvester IV
Clement III

Explanation

Question 36 of 101

A prominent and powerful supporter of Gregory VII who aided him against Henry IV. Her forces were part of the Milites Christi.

Select one of the following:

Beatrice
Bertha
Matilda
Mildred

Explanation

Question 37 of 101

The so-called soldiers of God that were armed men who fought to advance the interests of the papacy both within Italy and against Muslims.

Select one of the following:

Soldiers of Peace
Milites Dei
Christ's Children
Milites Christi

Explanation

Question 38 of 101

The church council in March 1095 at which Alexios' letter was delivered to Urban II.

Select one of the following:

Piacenza
Clermont
Nabulas
Acre

Explanation

Question 39 of 101

The church council at Aurvergne in southern France in November 1095 where Urban II launched the First Crusade.

Select one of the following:

Clermont
Acre
Piacenza
Nabulas

Explanation

Question 40 of 101

What were the five traditional centres of Christianity; each had a patriarch called collectively. Three were in Muslim hands.

Select one of the following:

Pentarchy
Constantinople
Antioch
Alexandria

Explanation

Question 41 of 101

The centre of Christian faith. Pilgrimage to it had been disrupted by the Seljuk invasion.

Select one of the following:

Constantinople
Alexandria
Antioch
Jerusalem

Explanation

Question 42 of 101

The tomb in which Jesus Christ had been buried. It was the holiest relic in the Christian faith.

Select one of the following:

Holy tomb
Grave site
Holy Sepulchre
Holy Burial site

Explanation

Question 43 of 101

An attempt to prohibit all fighting between Western Christians at certain times.

Select one of the following:

Peace of God
Just War Theory
Truce of God
Prohibited

Explanation

Question 44 of 101

An attempt to protect certain groups such as the church and poor peasants from violence.

Select one of the following:

Truce of God
Just War
Peace of God
Knightly Dilemma

Explanation

Question 45 of 101

The doctrine developed by St. Augustine that allowed for Christian violence in certain circumstances such as the reclamation of Christian lands.

Select one of the following:

Peace of God
Truce of God
Just War Theory
Knightly Dilemma

Explanation

Question 46 of 101

The place that the papacy was already seeking to encourage Christians to attack Muslim lands.

Select one of the following:

Portugal
Spain
England
France

Explanation

Question 47 of 101

The belief that saints acted as intercessors to God and that they existed in a hierarchy.

Select one of the following:

A lot of Saints
Intercessions
Hierarchy of Saints
Cult of Saints

Explanation

Question 48 of 101

This was a relic that was holy through proximity.

Select one of the following:

Cloth
Bodily relic
Money
Brandea

Explanation

Question 49 of 101

This was a relic that was literally a part of a saint. They were usually the focus of pilgrimage.

Select one of the following:

Brandea
Finger
Toe
Bodily relic

Explanation

Question 50 of 101

This was a desire to travel to holy places. The most important of which was Jerusalem.

Select one of the following:

Voyagers
Deeply religious people
Pilgrimage
Well travelled

Explanation

Question 51 of 101

An act to demonstrate that an individual was seeking forgiveness for their sins. This could include acts such as pilgrimage.

Select one of the following:

Forgiveness
Love
Penance
Prayer

Explanation

Question 52 of 101

A promise made to crusaders that their previous sins would be wiped clean if they took part.

Select one of the following:

Remittance of Sins
Forgiveness of sins
Repentance
Penance

Explanation

Question 53 of 101

This meant that Christians saw their actions as justified and holy rather than the sin of murder.

Select one of the following:

Just war theory
Sanctified Violence
Peace & Truce of God
Knightly dilemma

Explanation

Question 54 of 101

The clash between a knights role to kill and the fear of committing murder. It was solved by the promise of sanctified violence.

Select one of the following:

Signs and Wonders
Just War Theory
Sanctified Violence
Knightly Dilemma

Explanation

Question 55 of 101

These were natural phenomena that were ascribed to God giving direct instructions to undertake the crusade.

Select one of the following:

Signs and Wonders
Miracles
Preaching
Prayer

Explanation

Question 56 of 101

The centre of village life in western Europe. It oversaw birth, marriage and death it acted as the heart of the community.

Select one of the following:

A home
A Hospital
Shops
Parish Church

Explanation

Question 57 of 101

The one-tenth of a Christians income given to the church as an act of religious devotion.

Select one of the following:

Donation
Tithe
Flocks
Money

Explanation

Question 58 of 101

A crusader who seems to have been motivated mostly by sincere religious devotion as he was already very wealthy.

Select one of the following:

Count Emicho
Godfrey of Bouillon
Bishop Adhemar
Raymond of Toulouse

Explanation

Question 59 of 101

He was in a poor position in the Holy Roman Empire and was not well liked by Henry IV. He also seems to have been personally pious.

Select one of the following:

Bohemond of Taranto
Bishop Adhemar
Tancred
Godfrey of Bouillon

Explanation

Question 60 of 101

He was close to Urban II and was sent to represent him on the First Crusade.

Select one of the following:

Tedald
Taticius
Bishop Adhemar
Peter the Hermit

Explanation

Question 61 of 101

This force religiously motivated peasants and knights ignored Alexios' advice to wait for the princes and were massacred by the Turks.

Select one of the following:

1101 Crusade
1120 - 24 Crusade
People's Crusade
Norwegian Crusade

Explanation

Question 62 of 101

A charismatic preacher and leader of the People's crusade, he was religiously motivated.

Select one of the following:

Tedald
Raymond of Toulouse
Bishop Adhemar
Peter the Hermit

Explanation

Question 63 of 101

A German count who led his 'crusading' forces in a pogrom against the Jews of the Rhineland.

Select one of the following:

Godfrey of Bouillon
Raymond of Toulouse
Count Emicho
Peter the Hermit

Explanation

Question 64 of 101

A motivating factor regarding the potential to gain land that can best be seen in actions of Bohemond, Tancred and Baldwin.

Select one of the following:

Greed
Feudal Obligation
Social Obligation
Primogeniture

Explanation

Question 65 of 101

An increasingly common law that meant eldest sons inherited, leaving younger sons with little.

Select one of the following:

Primogeniture
Greed
Pilgrimage
Feudal & Social Obligation

Explanation

Question 66 of 101

The historian who argued that a knight would have had to raise five times his annul income. This would argue against greed as a motivator.

Select one of the following:

Jotischky
Asbridge
Oldenberg
J. Riley - Smith

Explanation

Question 67 of 101

The Norman Crusader who was hated by Alexios. He was well known for his bravery and skill in battle. He was looking for land and wealth.

Select one of the following:

Godfrey of Bouillon
Raymond of Toulouse
Bohemond of Taranto
Tancred

Explanation

Question 68 of 101

Bohemond's nephew. He was also seeking lands and fortune and the crusade solved his knightly dilemma.

Select one of the following:

Baldwin I
Raymond of Toulouse
Tancred
Josecelin I

Explanation

Question 69 of 101

The younger brother of Godfrey who travelled with him. He had left the church to be a knight and was seeking a fortune in the east.

Select one of the following:

Raymond of Toulouse
Bohemond of Taranto
Tancred
Baldwin of Boulogne

Explanation

Question 70 of 101

This had affected Europe for several years inflicting great hardship on peasants. It might have encouraged him to leave for the holy land.

Select one of the following:

Water shortage
Famine
Money
Food

Explanation

Question 71 of 101

A motivating factor exploited by Urban II in his specific appeal to senior European nobles. It might have encouraged them to leave for the holy land.

Select one of the following:

Social Obligation
Feudal Ties
Greed
Primogeniture

Explanation

Question 72 of 101

This social tie played an important role for facilitating the participation for many of the crusader leaders including Baldwin and Tancred.

Select one of the following:

Feudal Ties
Kinship
Greed
Primogeniture

Explanation

Question 73 of 101

An able warrior but a poor administrator. He saw the crusade as an opportunity to resurrect his reputation.

Select one of the following:

Godfrey of Bouillon
Baldwin of Boulogne
Stephen of Blois
Robert of Normandy

Explanation

Question 74 of 101

A crusader who was motivated by social pressure from his wife and by the presence of his kin on the crusade.

Select one of the following:

Robert, Duke of Normandy
Stephen of Blois
Godfrey of Bouillon
Robert of Flanders

Explanation

Question 75 of 101

His family had a long standing connections and friendship with the Byzantine emperors and a history of pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

Select one of the following:

Walter sans - Avoir
Godfrey of Bouillon
Stephen of Blois
Robert of Flanders

Explanation

Question 76 of 101

A knight and lieutenant of Peter the Hermit. His forces plundered Byzantine territory on the way to Constantinople.

Select one of the following:

Stephen of Blois
Robert of Flanders
Count Emicho
Walter Sans - Avoir

Explanation

Question 77 of 101

A German city and site of an anti - Semitic pogrom in the summer of 1096 by Count Emicho.

Select one of the following:

Anhalt
Mainz
Brandenburg
Berlin

Explanation

Question 78 of 101

The incorrect belief that Jews murdered and sacrificed Christian children. They were also blamed for the murder of Jesus.

Select one of the following:

The Jews did it
Anti - Semitism
Blood libel
I have no idea

Explanation

Question 79 of 101

The place where Emicho's army was destroyed.

Select one of the following:

Spain
Hungary
England
America

Explanation

Question 80 of 101

The site of intrigue between Alexius and the crusader leaders. They were forced to take an oath to him.

Select one of the following:

Antioch
Niacea
Alexandria
Constantinople

Explanation

Question 81 of 101

The Turkish sultan of Rum. His Seljuk forces were defeated at Nicea and again at Dorylaeum.

Select one of the following:

Malik Shah
Giyath al-Din Kaykhusraw I
Suleiman ibn Qutulmish
Kilij Arslan I

Explanation

Question 82 of 101

A rival Turkish Dynasty that Kilij Arslan was at war with Anatolia. This benefited the crusade.

Select one of the following:

Sultanate of Rum
The Assassins
Danishmends
Fatimids

Explanation

Question 83 of 101

The first target of the Crusade. This city surrendered to the Byzantines and the crusaders felt betrayed.

Select one of the following:

Niacea
Antioch
Jerusalem
Constantinople

Explanation

Question 84 of 101

Alexios' general and representative. He served as a guide/diplomat in Anatolia and led a small force with the crusade to Antioch.

Select one of the following:

Tedald
Count Emicho
Walter sans - Avoir
Taticius

Explanation

Question 85 of 101

This site of a major battle and victory for the crusaders in Antioch in July 1097. It demonstrated Bohemond's skill.

Select one of the following:

Dorylaeum
Ramlah
Inab
Harran

Explanation

Question 86 of 101

The extreme heat made this part of the journey very hazardous and many men were lost.

Select one of the following:

Mainz
Niacea
Anatolia
Cicilia

Explanation

Question 87 of 101

Tancred and Baldwin travelled here and virtually fought each other for control of its cities.

Select one of the following:

Antioch
Niacea
Jerusalem
Cilicia

Explanation

Question 88 of 101

The crusade benefited from supplies from the Byzantine territory during the siege of Antioch.

Select one of the following:

France
Algeria
Cyprus
Japan

Explanation

Question 89 of 101

The siege of this city took ten months and almost destroyed the crusade. It was finally given to Bohemond causing Byzantine fury and the end of Alexios' support for the First Crusade.

Select one of the following:

Niacea
Jerusalem
Tripoli
Antioch

Explanation

Question 90 of 101

These brothers and rulers of Aleppo and Damascus failed to untie against the crusafers and attacked separately whilst the crusaders besieged Antioch.

Select one of the following:

Nizar & Musta‘li
Ridwan & Duqaq
Richard & Henry
Edward & David

Explanation

Question 91 of 101

The ruler of Mosul. He led a combined Muslim force to Antioch. It was defeated partly through internal disunity and ill- treatment of his men.

Select one of the following:

Nasir al-Dawla
Muhammad ibn Musayyib
Za'im al-Dawla Baraka
Kerbogha

Explanation

Question 92 of 101

A convert to Islam who betrayed the garrison at Antioch after making a secret deal with Bohemond.

Select one of the following:

Nizar
Firuz
Ridwan
Duqaq

Explanation

Question 93 of 101

These Shia Muslims attempted to from an alliance with the crusaders against the Seljuks.

Select one of the following:

Seljuk Turks
Abbassids
Fatimids
The Assassins

Explanation

Question 94 of 101

The construction and co-ordinated use of these demonstrated military skill and was vital to the capture of Jerusalem.

Select one of the following:

Catapults
Siege Engines
Weapons
Artillery

Explanation

Question 95 of 101

This so called relic was found in Antioch and played a massive role in raising crusader morale.

Select one of the following:

The Holy Lance
St Andrews Cross
A piece of the True Cross
The Holy Grail

Explanation

Question 96 of 101

The vizier and chief advisor of Malik Shah. His death shortly before his master's in 1092 crippled the Seljuk empire.

Select one of the following:

Nizam al- Mulk
Badr al - Jamali
al- Muqtadi
Musta 'il and Nizar

Explanation

Question 97 of 101

The powerful Shia Fatimid caliph who death in 1094 was a major blow.

Select one of the following:

Musta 'il and Nizar
Nizam al- Mulk
al- Mustansir
Badr al - Jamali

Explanation

Question 98 of 101

The religious conviction of these people carried the crusade forward the leaders were divided at Antioch and Maarat.

Select one of the following:

The people's crusade
Pilgrims
Soldiers
Ordinary Crusaders

Explanation

Question 99 of 101

The capable Fatimid vizier who died very shortly after his master in 1094.

Select one of the following:

al- Mustansir
al - Muqtadi
Badr al - Jamali
Musta 'il and Nizar

Explanation

Question 100 of 101

The sons of al- Mustansir who fought for the Fatimid throne after their father's death.

Select one of the following:

Ridwan and Duqaq
Musta 'il and Nizar
Lot and Abraham
David and Goliath

Explanation

Question 101 of 101

The Abbassid Sunni caliph of Baghdad who died in 1094.

Select one of the following:

al- Mustansir
al - Muqtadi
Badr al - Jamali
Musta 'il and Nizar

Explanation

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	Created by Erin Mason over 8 years ago

AS - Level History Quiz on The First Crusade and the Background to it, 1070-1099, created by Erin Mason on 21/12/2015.

The First Crusade and the Background to it, 1070-1099

Question 1 of 101

The place where the Seljuk Turks had originated from.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 101

The place where the Turks had migrated recently from. They were heavily influenced by its culture and language.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 101

The nomadic Islamic people who had invaded Anatolia in the 1060's after conquering Persia.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 101

The Christian land that the Seljuk Turks overran after Manzikert, during the 1070's and 1080's.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 101

The territories conquered by the Turks in Anatolia that became a separate sultanate.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 101

The Seljuk ruler who ruled the empire at its greatest extent and after whose death in 1092 collapsed.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 101

The important battle that took place between the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks in 1071. The Byzantine army was routed.

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Question 8 of 101

The leader of the Seljuk Turks who captured the Byzantine emperor at Manzikert in 1071.

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Question 9 of 101

A reforming pope who had attempted to aid Byzantium after Manzikert.

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Question 10 of 101

The branch of religion that the Seljuk's had converted to. They recognised the titular authority of the Caliph in Baghdad.

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Question 11 of 101

The Shia Muslims who controlled Egypt and were at war with the Seljuk Turks over the Levant.

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Question 12 of 101

The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and one of the greatest cities in the world.

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Question 13 of 101

The division between Eastern and Western Christians that had occurred in 1054.

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Question 14 of 101

The Byzantine emperor after Romanos IV. He attempted to repair relations with the papacy in 1073 in order to gain military support.

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Question 15 of 101

A Turkish cousin of Alp Arslan. He established an understanding with Alexios I and was used to manage threats from the other Turks in Anatolia until 1086.

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Question 16 of 101

A Turk who established a semi - interdependent hold over Smyrna in southern Anatolia in 1084. His fleet threatened the Byzantine islands in the Aegean.

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Question 17 of 101

A semi - nomadic people that invaded the northern European Byzantine territories. by 1090 they had conquered many of them and were an imminent threat to Constantinople.

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Question 18 of 101

The cunning Norman leader of Sicily until 1085. He was a sworn enemy of the Byzantines. He was an alley of Pope Gregory VII.

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Question 19 of 101

The battle in 1081 that was a decisive Norman victory over the Byzantines. The Normans overplayed their hand shortly after

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Question 20 of 101

In this year the Normans staged a second invasion of Byzantium but Byzantine forces were able to defeat this.