Topic 1
The Earth’s sea and atmosphere

What produced the earth's early atmosphere?

What did the earth's early atmosphere contain?

Why is it difficult to be precise about the evolution of the atmosphere?

How did the oceans form?

How did the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere get reduced?

How did the green plants cause the oxygen level to increase?

What is the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere?

What is the proportion of the gases today in the earth's atmosphere?

How did human activity change the atmosphere?

How did Volcanic activity change the atmosphere?

Topic 2
Materials from the Earth

How are igneous rocks formed?

What are two examples of sedimentary rocks?

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

What may sedimentary rocks contain and what are they likely to do?

What is an example of a metamorphic rock?

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

How are marbles formed?

Where do limestone, marble and chalk exist in and what are they natural forms of?

What are the advantages of quarrying limestone?

What are the disadvantages of quarrying limestone?

What is the commercial need in quarrying calcium carbonate?

What is the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?

What are the three things to remember about atoms?

What is the effect of water on calcium oxide?

What is true about the total mass before and after?

Explain how calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium
carbonate can be used to neutralise soil acidity?

Topic 3
Acids

What acid is produced in the stomach and what does it do?

What are indigestion remedies?

How to Investigate the effectiveness of different indigestion remedies?

What can acids be neutralised by?

What is electrolysis?

How to Investigate the electrolysis of dilute hydrochloric acid

How to test for Chlorine?

How to test for hydrogen?

Where can Chlorine be obtained from?

What is chlorine used in?

Water can be decomposed by electrolysis to form what?

What is the test for oxygen?

Topic 4
Obtaining and using metals

Where are most metals extracted from?

How are most metals extracted from their ores by?

Explain why the method used to extract a metal is related to its position in the reactivity series and cost of the extraction process?

How to Investigate methods for extracting a metal from its ore?

What is Oxidation?

What is reduction?

What does the extraction of metals involve?

What does the oxidation of metals result in?

What are the advantages of recycling metal?

Explain why converting pure metals into alloys often increases the strength of the product?

Describe how alloying changes the properties of metals?

Topic 5
Fuels

What is a hydrocarbon?

What is crude oil?

What is used to separate crude oil?

What are the uses of the following fraction gases, petrol, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil and bitumen?

What is different between the hydrocarbons in the different fractions?

What is complete combustion?

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

What is incomplete combustion?

How is carbon monoxide dangerous?

Explain why impurities in some hydrocarbon fuels result in the production of sulfur dioxide?

What causes acid rain?

What keeps the earth warm?

What human activity affects carbon dioxide levels?

How have scientists been researching ways to restore the balance and limit the increase in carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere?

What is an example of a biofuel?

What is the advantages of replacing fossil fuels with biofuels?

What is the disadvantages of replacing fossil fuels with biofuels?

What are the factors that make a good fuel?

What does a fuel cell use?

What are the advantages of using hydrogen, rather than petrol, as a fuel in cars?

What are the disadvantages of using hydrogen, rather than petrol, as a fuel in cars?

What are the three non-renewable fossil fuels which are obtained from crude oil?

What is the non-renewable fossil fuel found in natural gas?

What are alkanes?

What are the formulas for Methane, Ethane, and Propane?

What is used to distunguish between alkane and alkenes and how is it used?

What is cracking?

Describe the cracking of liquid paraffin in the laboratory?

What is formed when ethene molecules combine together in a polymerisation reaction?

What are the uses of polymers poly(ethene), poly(propene), poly(chloroethene) (PVC) and PTFE to the properties of the compounds?

What are the problems with the disposal of polymers (plastics)?

How can some of the problems associated with the disposal of polymers can be overcome?