Describe the structure of a virus

How do viruses reproduce?

What are bacteriophages?

What are protoctista?

What are fungi?

What are the two ways pathogens damage host organisms?

What pathogen causes ring rot?

What is ring rot?

What is the tobacco mosaic virus?

What is potato blight?

What is black sigatoka?

What is tuberculosis?

What is bacterial meningitis?

What is HIV/AIDS?

How does the HIV virus destroy the immune system?

How is HIV spread?

What is influenza?

What is the pathogen that causes malaria?

What is the vector that spreads malaria?

How is malaria controlled?

What is ring worm?

What is athlete's foot?

What are the three methods of direct transmission of a disease?

What are the three methods of indirect transmission of a disease?

How is the probability of catching a communicable disease increased?

How can pathogens be spread between plants?

What can act as a vector?

What increases the likelihood of the transmission of diseases in plants?

How does callose help defend a plant from pathogens?

List some examples of chemicals that are used by plants for defense.

What are chitinases?

What are glucanases?

How does skin prevent the entry of pathogens?

How do mucous membranes prevent the entry of pathogens?

What are non-specific animal defences?

What is found in tears, urine and stomach acid to prevent pathogens entering the body?

What are expulsive reflexes?

What happens when you get a cut?

Describe the inflammatory response.

How do fevers protect the body from pathogens?

Describe the process of phagocytosis.

What happens after a macrophage engulfs a pathogen?

What are cytokines?

What is the function of opsonins?

Describe the structure of an antibody

What forms when an antigen binds to an antibody?

What happens when an antibody binds to an antigen?

Where do B lymphocytes mature?

Where do T lymphocytes mature?

What do t helper cells do?

What do t killer cells do?

What do t memory cells do?

What do t regulator cells do?

What do plasma cells do?

What do b effector cells do?

What do b memory cells do?

What is cell mediated immunity?

Outline the stages of cell mediated immunity

What do interleukins do?

What is humoral immunity?

How does a B-lymphocyte become an APC?

Outline the stages of humoral immunity

What is an autoimmune disease?

How does type 1 diabetes affect the body and what are the possible treatments?

How does rheumatoid arthritis affect the body and what are the possible treatments?

How does lupus affect the body and what are the possible treatments?

What is natural active immunity?

What is natural passive immunity?

What is artificial passive immunity?

What is artificial active immunity?

What is an epidemic?

What is a pandemic?

What is pharmacogenomics?

What is selective toxicity?

What do sulfonamides do?

What do polymixines do?

What do tetracyclines and streptomycin do to bacteria?

What do penicillin and cephalosporins do to bacteria?