BMSC 240 Midterm and Final

Question 1 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is the study of the world using scierntific method. is the study of living things.

Explanation

Question 2 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

variables are what are altered in the experiment, while variables are what you are observing in the experiment. Both of these are known as variables.

Explanation

Question 3 of 174

1

A scientist is wanting to sterilize water from the bacteria it contains. An example of a positive control is/are:

Select one or more of the following:

Boiling the water, so no bacteria can grow
No treatment is done to ensure the bacteria still grows
Placing the water in an autoclave to remove bacteria

Explanation

Question 4 of 174

1

What are the two types of false results that can occur in an experiment?

Select one or more of the following:

False positive: occurs in positive control
False negative: occurs in a positive control
False negative: occurs in negative control
False positive: occurs in a negative control

Explanation

Question 5 of 174

1

Which of the following is an additional concern (as told by Professor Anderson) to scientists performing an experiment?

Select one of the following:

Is the experiment reproducible?
Are the animals safe?
Will anyone be harmed?

Explanation

Question 6 of 174

1

Sensitivity is when a positive result only comes from a truly positive sample.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 7 of 174

1

An instrument has not been calibrated correctly. This is an example of:

Select one of the following:

Systematic error
Random error
Positive Control
Negative Control

Explanation

Question 8 of 174

1

Which of the following has a fragile glass probe?

Select one of the following:

Scale
Pipette
pH meter
Vortex mixer

Explanation

Question 9 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A pH meter must be rinsed and stored in between uses. The random errors that can come from using a pH meter are not , and measuring before . The systematic errors that can come from using a pH meter is if it is not correctly.

Explanation

Question 10 of 174

1

What happens if a pH meter is not stored in solution between uses?

Select one of the following:

The instrument will not turn on
The probe gets plugged
Electric current is increased and pH readings become only basic
The probe will only report solutions as being neutral

Explanation

Question 11 of 174

1

An example of random error for a scale is vibrations that can change numbers.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 174

1

A vortex mixer:

Select one or more of the following:

is used to mix small quantities of solutions
contains a magnet in the base with adjustable spin speed
can cause the solution to become frothy
may be invaluable to mix some solutions and damaging to others
is coupled with a heating element to help dissolve

Explanation

Question 13 of 174

1

Differences between a micropipette and pipette are:

Select one of the following:

A micropipette measure between 10-1mL while a pipette measure anything larger
A pipette has disposable tips, while a micropipette does not
Mistakes made with a micropipette are proportionally larger than with a pipette
None of the above are correct

Explanation

Question 14 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

An is a proton donor, while a is a proton acceptor.

Explanation

Question 15 of 174

1

pH is represented on a log scale

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 16 of 174

1

pKa is:

Select one of the following:

When there is more weak acid in solution than base
When there is equal amounts of acid and weak base
When there is more base in solution than weak acid

Explanation

Question 17 of 174

1

A buffer is effective within 1.5 pH units from the pKa

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 174

1

What ratio of acetate ion to acetic acid would you need to make up an acetate buffer with a pH of 5.25? pKa = 4.74.

Select one of the following:

.4632
.3090
4.567
3.236

Explanation

Question 19 of 174

1

What acts as the acid and base, respectively, for the amino acid?

Select one or more of the following:

amino, carboxyl
R group, amino
carboxyl, amino
Amino, R group

Explanation

Question 20 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

At a low pH, both ends of the amino acid are . At high pH, both ends of the amino acid are . At moderate pH, the net charge is .

Explanation

Question 21 of 174

1

Which amino acid(s) have an R-Group that can act as an acid-conjugate base pair at pH 10?

Select one or more of the following:

Aspartic Acid
Cysteine
Tyrosine
Histidine
Glutamic Acid
Lysine
Arginine

Explanation

Question 22 of 174

1

What is pI on triprotic titration?

Select one of the following:

The average pKa's of the highest and lowest pKa
The average of pKa's surrounding the neutral charge
Equal to the smallest pKa
Equal to the middle pKa

Explanation

Question 23 of 174

1

Milk pasteurization works by increasing one factor of sterilization and decreasing another. What are they?

Select one of the following:

Increased conductance, decreased time
Increased time, decreased temperature
increased conductance, decreased temperature
Increased temperature, decreased time

Explanation

Question 24 of 174

1

Which should be used to sterilize heat-labile compounds?

Select one of the following:

Autoclave
Filtration

Explanation

Question 25 of 174

1

Which of the following are heat-labile compounds?

Select one or more of the following:

IPTG
Staphylococcus
Streptobacillus
Ammonium acetate
Ig E Antibodies

Explanation

Question 26 of 174

1

Quality of image from a microscope depends on:

Select one or more of the following:

Thickness of section
Quantity of bacteria
Size of bacteria
Staining of bacteria
Lighting from microscope

Explanation

Question 27 of 174

1

Magnification is the separation between two objects.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 28 of 174

1

Improving resolution makes the resolution number smaller

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 29 of 174

1

How can resolution be improved?

Select one of the following:

Increase wavelength
Decrease Numerical Aperture
Change the refractive index

Explanation

Question 30 of 174

1

As magnification increases:

Select one of the following:

Resolution increases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture decreases
Resolution decreases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture decreases
Resolution increases, field of vied increases and numerical aperture increases
Resolution decreases, field of vied decreases and numerical aperture increases

Explanation

Question 31 of 174

1

Spectroscopy is the study of absorption and emission of radiation. Photometry is the measurement of intensity of radiation.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 32 of 174

1

What is the shortest wavelength of light?

Select one of the following:

Red
Green
Blue
Yellow

Explanation

Question 33 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

: A tube that holds the sample
Transmittance: the proportion of light that the sample allows to : the amount of light the sample blocks
: a comparison sample with non of the measure substance
Standard Curve: A series of samples used to generate comparison data

Explanation

Question 34 of 174

1

A cuvette containing water is an example of:

Select one of the following:

Negative Control
Positive Control
Specificity
Sensitivity

Explanation

Question 35 of 174

1

What is the beer lambert law?

Select one of the following:

A=elc
E=Al
C=Ael
L=EAl

Explanation

Question 36 of 174

1

Pure DNA has a value for 260/280 of:

Select one of the following:

2.5
2.0
.5
1.5

Explanation

Question 37 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The Bradford assay uses dye. Unbound dye has an absorbance max of . Bound dye has an absorbance max of . The upper limit for linear detection is 1 mg/mL.

Explanation

Question 38 of 174

1

The Bradford assay has strongest interaction with acidic amino acids.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 39 of 174

1

Why would someone choose to use the Biuret Assay over the Bradford Assay?

Select one of the following:

It has a higher useful range
It is much quicker
There is no absorbency max
A and C
None of the above

Explanation

Question 40 of 174

1

Copper 2 sulfate is used in the biuret assay as the binding dye.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 41 of 174

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label the following shape or arrangement:

Explanation

Question 42 of 174

1

Prokaryotes:

Select one or more of the following:

Go through mitosis
Have circular chromosomes
Have no organelles

Explanation

Question 43 of 174

1

Gram negative cells stain pink.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 44 of 174

1

Bacterial cell walls are made of:

Select one or more of the following:

Peptidoglycan
Lipids
NAG-NAM
Lysine and Arginine

Explanation

Question 45 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Gram positive cell walls are up to thick, while gram negative cell walls are only thick. Although gram negative have smaller layers, they contain a second . Gram positive cell walls also contain to keep layers together and increase the charge of the cell wall.

Explanation

Question 46 of 174

1

Which of the following bacteria are gram negative?

Select one or more of the following:

Clostridium difficle
Vibrio Cholerae
Helicobacter Pylori
Bacillus Anthracis

Explanation

Question 47 of 174

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

A is a charged molecule that interacts and makes it hard to wash off.

Explanation

Question 48 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The steps of a gram stain are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The mordant in a gram stain is .

Explanation

Question 49 of 174

1

What are qualities of an acid fast stain?

Select one or more of the following:

Counterstain with coomassie blue
Primary dye is carbol-fuschin
Used for waxy cell walls
No decolorization is required

Explanation

Question 50 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A is neatly organized while a is unorganized or loose. These are both known as . To stain, a charged dye, such as , is required. The cells are not fixed to slide and the dye creates a for stain to get everywhere except on the . This requires staining to visualize , such as .

Explanation

Question 51 of 174

1

What is required to stain the flagella?

Select one of the following:

Thickening of the flagella
A mordant
Crystal Violet Dye
All of the above

Explanation

Question 52 of 174

1

The most notable endospore forming groups are:

Select one of the following:

Only bacillus
Strep and Clostridium
Bacillus and Strep
Bacillus and Clostridium

Explanation

Question 53 of 174

1

Endospore stains require safranin, malachite green and moist heat.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 54 of 174

1

Which of the following ranks bacteria in their optimal temperature zone from highest to lowest?

Select one of the following:

Psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, psychotrophs, hyperthermophiles
hyperthermophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, psychotrophs, psychrophiles
Hyperthemophiles, thermophiles, mesophiles, psychotrophs, psychrophiles
Psychrophiles, Psychrotrophs, mesophiles, Thermophiles, hyperthermophiles

Explanation

Question 55 of 174

1

What salt concentration do extreme halophiles live in?

Select one of the following:

10-20%
2%
30-40%
50%

Explanation

Question 56 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A is one where all chemicals are known and quantified, while a is one where we are not aware of every chemical.

Explanation

Question 57 of 174

1

In which of the following is it difficult to check for purity

Select one or more of the following:

broth
Plates
Slants
Semi-solid Deeps

Explanation

Question 58 of 174

1

Agar:

Select one of the following:

comes from the cell walls of certain bacteria living in caves
is a carbohydrate from cell walls of red algae
solidifies at 50 degrees
melts at 85 degrees
B, C, D
B, C
B, D

Explanation

Question 59 of 174

1

MacConkey Agar is:

Select one or more of the following:

selective
differential
enrichment

Explanation

Question 60 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

MacConnkey Agar selects against gram using bile salts and crystal violet. It contains and . Fermenters turn on the plate. MSA has a and contains mannitol. Fermenters turn on the plate. It is useful for detecting . BAP contains 5-10% and tests for activity. The may be enhanced in environments. contains a high amount of glucose (2%). It selects for yeasts and . SIM Deep's are used to differentiate cells from , and . An test is used to see if the organism can use oxygen to generate . A result is blue/purple.

Explanation

Question 61 of 174

1

Which of the following are a direct and total way to count bacteria?

Select one of the following:

Turbidity Estimates
Serial Dilution
Counting Chamber
All of the answers

Explanation

Question 62 of 174

1

The best source for antibiotics are soil dwellers

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 63 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

and are cell wall inhibitors. They contain a beta that mimics the substrate to link peptidoglycan. This causes the cell wall to be weaker. Natural penicillin works only against gram cells.

Explanation

Question 64 of 174

1

The following are protein synthesis inhibitors:

Select one or more of the following:

Daptomycin
Neomycin
Tetracycline
Quinolines
Streptomycin
Chlorsmphenicol

Explanation

Question 65 of 174

1

Which of the following is better as a topical antibiotic?

Select one of the following:

Polymxin
Daptomycin
Bacitracin
A and C
All of the above

Explanation

Question 66 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

include: rifamycin or quinolones. Rifamycin inhibit and are highly to the cell. Quinolones inhibit which inhibits DNA replication.

Explanation

Question 67 of 174

1

Which of the following are examples of modes of resistance presented by bacteria?

Select one or more of the following:

Drug modification
Pathway protection
Cell suicide
Cell Fusion
Target Alteration
Rapid Efflux
Alternative Pathways

Explanation

Question 68 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

An is a protein that acts as a catalyst for a chemical reaction. The makes the reaction more by lowering the .

Explanation

Question 69 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is how fast substrate is converted into product. Over time, reactions will slow down as decreases increases and are lost to . The is used to get non-attenuated rates.

Explanation

Question 70 of 174

1

Rate can be limited by

Select one of the following:

availability of substrate
production of product
release of product
availability of substrate and production of product
All of the above
None of the above

Explanation

Question 71 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Km is the concentration of that leads to half-maximal .

Explanation

Question 72 of 174

1

Key features to Asian flush are:

Select one or more of the following:

Increase Km for NADH for ALDH2
Mutation in ALDH
Mutation in ALDH2
Rapid heart and breathing, redness, and hot flashes
ALDH1 has a lower Km
Acetaldehyde accumulates in the blood
if only one part of the protein is affected, the rest will work properly.

Explanation

Question 73 of 174

1

If you have higher affinity for a substrate, you have a higher Km

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 74 of 174

1

Which of the following are a correct match?

Select one or more of the following:

Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant
Uncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant
Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the active site of the enzyme and excludes the reactant
Uncompetitive Inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P
Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P
Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the ES complex and slows release to E + P
Noncompetitive inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate
Competitive Inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate
Uncompetitive Inhibition: a compound binds the enzyme and decreases the rate the enzyme can bind or react with the substrate

Explanation

Question 75 of 174

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Name the types of inhibition and how they affect the Km and Vmax

Explanation

Question 76 of 174

1

When someone drinks methanol, they are treated by drinking ethanol. This is an example of which of the following inhibition:

Select one of the following:

Competitive
Uncompetitive
Noncompetitive

Explanation

Question 77 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

: breaking the cell apart with sound waves that have high amplitude and frequency. May damage the sample as it will the sample.
: increasing pressure from a piston and releasing to break cells apart
: Putting into a hypotonic solution to put the cell in shock and causing them to burst. Good for cells who do not have a .
: Using an enzyme to damage cell walls, but is not broken apart.
: Amphipathic molecules that break down fats and oils by forming micelles
: Using force to break things apart (blender)

Explanation

Question 78 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The advantages to using controls in an experiment are that the results can be verified and experimental procedures can be . An experiment should contain both and controls to ensure it is working. Some additional concerns that a scientist may have are:
1. Are the experiments ?
2. Are there adequate notes of ?
3. Is the experiment ?
4.Is a test or ?
5. Is a result t?
6. Can you rule out correlation from causation? Correlation is the mutual of two or more things, parts, etc.:
Example: Studies find a positive correlation between severity of illness and nutritional status of the patients.

Explanation

Question 79 of 174

1

Sensitivity is:

Select one of the following:

A positive result only comes from a truly positive sample
The minimum amount of X needed to record a positive result
Error introduced with each measurement
How close the measurements are

Explanation

Question 80 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A pH meter uses the produced by the to compare with and reports a . If the glass probe is , there is no longer a need to travel the and the will change. A scale is primarily used to chemicals in the lab. A stir plate has coated place in solutions.

Explanation

Question 81 of 174

1

A graduated pipette:

Select one of the following:

Measures only one volume
Has lines along the length to determine the volume
Measure 0.0002 mL

Explanation

Question 82 of 174

1

How small can a micropipette measure in mL?

Select one of the following:

0.0002
0.002
0.02
0.2
2

Explanation

Question 83 of 174

1

Weak acids and their conjugate base:

Select one of the following:

completely dissociate
partially dissociate
do not dissociate at all

Explanation

Question 84 of 174

1

A buffer has a pKa of 6.5. The current pH of the buffer is 7.3. What will happen if more base is added?

Select one of the following:

It will tolerate much more base than acid
It will tolerate equal amounts of acid and base
It will tolerate much more acid than base

Explanation

Question 85 of 174

1

If pH is less than pKa...

Select one or more of the following:

There is more acid
There is more base
The acid % will be more than the base %
The base % will be more than the acid %
The acid moles will be more than the base moles
the base moles will be more than the acid moles

Explanation

Question 86 of 174

1

A 1 in 10 dilution means:

Select one of the following:

1 part stock, to 9 parts water
1 part stock, to 10 parts water
9 parts stock to 1 part water
10 parts stock to 1 part water

Explanation

Question 87 of 174

1

Which groups have a pH of less than 10?

Select one or more of the following:

Aspartic Acid - 4
Glutamic Acid - 4
Histidine - 6
Cysteine - 8
Aspartic Acid- 6
Glutamic Acid- 2
Cysteine - 5
Lysine -6
Tyrosine - 8
Arginine -12.5

Explanation

Question 88 of 174

1

The effectiveness of heat killing is altered by:

Select one or more of the following:

Temperature
Time
Conductance
Pressure
Staining
Water Absorbancy

Explanation

Question 89 of 174

1

At 15 PSI steam, the boiling point of water is

Select one of the following:

120
121
123
100
125

Explanation

Question 90 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The basic microscope can visualize objects down to micrometers. The microscope consists of , , , , , and .

Explanation

Question 91 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

DNA absorbs UV light at . Absorbance of UV light for proteins depends on their , but is approximately . The 260/280 ratio for pure protein is .

Explanation

Question 92 of 174

1

The absorbency max for the biuret assay is

Select one of the following:

540
465
595
582

Explanation

Question 93 of 174

1

Technological minaturization:

Select one or more of the following:

cuvette less spectrophotometry
sample of 5 to 0.5 microliters
Path length of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm
Takes 10 seconds
Path length of 1 cm
Takes 5 seconds
Sacrifices a great deal of your sample

Explanation

Question 94 of 174

1

If a solution is older, when performing your gram stain you expect to see:

Select one of the following:

Gram neagtive
Gram positive
Neither, they won't stain at all

Explanation

Question 95 of 174

1

When are acid-fast stains used?

Select one of the following:

Waxy cell walls
After gram stains
Endospores
Flagella

Explanation

Question 96 of 174

1

The stains for an acid fast stain are:

Select one of the following:

carbol-fuschin and methylene blue
carbol-fuschin and coomassie blue
malachite green and methylene blue
safranin only

Explanation

Question 97 of 174

1

What is the liefson stain used for? Which stains does it use?

Select one of the following:

Flagella: Crysal Violet and a mordant
Flagella: Only crystal violet
Endospore: Malachite green and moist heat
Endospore: Only Crystal Violet

Explanation

Question 98 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The chemical needs of a cell are:
: the backbone of most cells
& Hydrogen
Nitrogen: All acids
Phosphorus: , ,
Sulfur: , and
Calcium: , and
Trace elements: Enzymatic

Explanation

Question 99 of 174

1

Mannitol Salt Agar

Select one or more of the following:

Selective
Differential
Enrichment

Explanation

Question 100 of 174

1

Blood Agar Plates

Select one or more of the following:

Selective
Differential
Enrichment

Explanation

Question 101 of 174

1

SIM Deep

Select one or more of the following:

Selective
Differential
Enrichment

Explanation

Question 102 of 174

1

When is something considered healthy or sterile:

Select one of the following:

There are 1000 bacteria/ mL or less
There are 100000 bacteria/ mL or less

Explanation

Question 103 of 174

1

Rifamycin/Rifampin

Select one or more of the following:

most useful against mycobacterium
inhibits mRNA synthesis
highly permeable into cells
inhibits DNA gyrase
broad spectrum

Explanation

Question 104 of 174

1

If a series of reactions are done in parallel, we can alter all variables and compare enzyme rates

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 105 of 174

1

Under optimal conditions, and with an excess of substrate, the limiting steps in how fast the enzyme can catalyze is:

Select one of the following:

E + S -> ES
ES -> E+P
EP-> E+P

Explanation

Question 106 of 174

1

What does 1 Unit of enzyme mean?

Select one of the following:

How heavy the enzyme is
The enzyme will catalyze 1 micromole in 1 minute
The initial velocity is equal to the maximal velocity
The specific activity of the enzyme is the same in different pH conditions

Explanation

Question 107 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Purification by properties:
Solubility:
Ionic Charge: chromatography, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing
: Reverse phase and hydrophobic chromatography
Size: Dialysis, -exclusion chromatography, gel
: affinity chromatography

Explanation

Question 108 of 174

1

What is initial purification, such as centrifuging, useful for?

Select one of the following:

If the protein is soluble, it can be partially purified by removed larger contaminants
If the protein is NOT soluble, it can be partially purified by removed larger contaminants
If the protein is soluble, it can be partially purified by removed significantly smaller DNA molecules
The protein does not need to go through initial purification

Explanation

Question 109 of 174

1

The supernatant after purification can be further treated by:

Select one or more of the following:

Altering temperature
Altering pH
Altering salinity
Altering nutrients

Explanation

Question 110 of 174

1

A method used where salt concentration is increased to purify proteins based on their solubility:

Select one of the following:

Ion Exchange Chromatography
Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Salting Out

Explanation

Question 111 of 174

1

Dialysis is the process of adding salt to a solution to continue purification

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 112 of 174

1

Dialysis:

Select one of the following:

Will occur perfectly after one step
Requires multiple steps as the salt concentrations equalize
Should not occur when purifying proteins

Explanation

Question 113 of 174

1

Which of the following are matched correctly?

Select one or more of the following:

Mobile Phase-a substance that the compounds to be separated pass by or interact with
Mobile Phase-the carrier for the compounds to be separated
Stationary Phase-a substance that the compounds to be separated pass by or interact with
Stationary Phase-the carrier for the compounds to be separated

Explanation

Question 114 of 174

1

Which of the following are in the correct order for filling a chromatography column?

Select one of the following:

Pouring, packing, loading, running, collecting
Packing, pouring, loading, running, collecting
Loading, packing, pouring, running, collecting
Packing, loading, pouring, running, collecting

Explanation

Question 115 of 174

1

When does more mobile phase liquid need to be added to the column?

Select one of the following:

When the level of liquid is equal to the solid beads
When the level of liquid is approximately 2 cm below the beads
You are never required to add more mobile phase

Explanation

Question 116 of 174

1

Which of the following travel through Vo? (Vo= volume outside the beads)

Select one or more of the following:

Large proteins
Moderate sized proteins
Small Proteins
None of the above

Explanation

Question 117 of 174

1

Which of the following through Vi? (Vi= volume inside the beads)

Select one or more of the following:

Large proteins
Moderate proteins
Small proteins
None of the above

Explanation

Question 118 of 174

1

The partition coefficient is the fraction of the volume of the column available to the sample

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 119 of 174

1

What is the partition coefficient for a protein with column volume 10 mL and void volume 4 mL for a small sized proteins?

Select one of the following:

0.67
0
1

Explanation

Question 120 of 174

1

Which of the following ion exchange chromatography columns are matched correctly?

Select one or more of the following:

Anion exchange- Column is +, targets are -
Cation exchange- Column is +, targets are -
Cation exchange- column is -, targets are +
Anion exchange-column is -, targets are +

Explanation

Question 121 of 174

1

Which molecules elute fastest in an ion exchange chromatography?

Select one of the following:

Neutral
Highly positive charge
Highly negative charge
Depends on the charge of the column
A and D
B and C
They will transfer at the same rate

Explanation

Question 122 of 174

1

When trying to purify an antibody, the best type of chromatography to use is size exclusion

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 123 of 174

1

Which lists the chromatography options in most specific to least specific?

Select one of the following:

Affinity, Ion, Size
Size, Ion, Affinity
Affinity, Size, Ion
Ion, Affinity, Size

Explanation

Question 124 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

In an electrophoresis, velocity is directly proportional to and inversely proportional to and .

Explanation

Question 125 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

SDS-PAGE stands for gel electrophoresis. SDS is a detergent that will proteins and give them a charge. Acrylamide is a plastic monomer, used industrially that can be chained together. Acrylamide is found to be and is approximately micrograms/g in one bag of chips. Toxic effects are seen at mg/kg. You would require bags of chips in one day to die if you weighed 75 kg.

Explanation

Question 126 of 174

1

Which of the following are acrylamide gel ingredients?

Select one or more of the following:

Suitable buffer solution
Bis-acrylamide- cross linking
Acrylamide- forms chains
Ammonium persulfate- forms free radicals to catalyze polymerization
TEMED- forms free radicals to catalyze polymerization
BIs-acrylamide- forms chains
Acrylamide- cross linking

Explanation

Question 127 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Protein samples are boiled for minutes in 5x loading buffer to be denatured. They are then coated with 10% , 20% , 0.2 M Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 0.05% blue, 10 mM B-mercaptoethanol. Gel is cast by mixing acrylamide, bisacrylamide, APS, TEMED, SDS and buffer. It is poured between glass or plastic plates. will inhibit the polymerization.

Explanation

Question 128 of 174

1

When you are wanting to visualize a gel with coomassie blue stain, what is the procedure?

Select one of the following:

Stain 10 minutes, Soak in buffer for ten minutes, repeat
Stain for 25 minutes
Stain for 10 minutes, soak in buffer for 5 minutes. No repeated cycles required
No staining is required to visualize the gel

Explanation

Question 129 of 174

1

A stacking gel contains 2 gels, 2 buffers, and 2 pH's

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 130 of 174

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label the pH of each part of the gel (located on the left hand side), which part of the gels stacking or running (located in the middle), and which molecule is chlorine, glycine and protein.

Explanation

Question 131 of 174

1

What does a urea page gel separate proteins based on?

Select one of the following:

Size
Charge
Size and Charge
Temperature
Temperature and charge

Explanation

Question 132 of 174

1

What does a native gel separate proteins based on?

Select one of the following:

Conformation, Charge, Solubility
Conformation, Charge
Conformation, Solubility
Solubility, Charge

Explanation

Question 133 of 174

1

An acid urea gel will run the same was as an SDS-PAGE gel

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 134 of 174

1

A 2D-PAGE gel:

Select one or more of the following:

Separates based on size and charge
Requires ampholytes
Are ALWAYS separated by size first
Are time consuming
Do not require SDS

Explanation

Question 135 of 174

1

What is the usefulness of a 2D gel:

Select one of the following:

To compare samples from different sources to determine protein differences
To compare male and females chromosomal DNA
To compare the possible conformational structure of one proteins
They are rarely useful as they provide smudging

Explanation

Question 136 of 174

1

The difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity is that innate is specific, while adaptive is not.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 137 of 174

1

Which of the following antibodies are correctly matched with their "job"?

Select one or more of the following:

IgG- primary antibody account for 80% of antibodies
IgM- used in the external environments (gut, lungs, etc)
IgA-First secreted at sign of infection
IgD- dispensable, as the body does not REQUIRE them to get rid of an infection
IgE-causes histamine release

Explanation

Question 138 of 174

1

There are two questions the immune system asks itself before producing b cells. Which of the following is one of them?

Select one of the following:

Is there room for storage of the B cells within the body?
Does the B-cell make host binding antibodies?
Does the B-cell make useful antigens?

Explanation

Question 139 of 174

1

Which of the following are two ways B cells can be activated?

Select one of the following:

Mitosis
Chromosomal Signalling
Plasma cells
Memory cells
C and D
B and D

Explanation

Question 140 of 174

1

Which of the following are steps in the purification of antibodies from blood?

Select one or more of the following:

Cells are spun out to obtain serum
Ion exchange chromatography column is produced which binds Fc region of the antibody
Plasma is poured through column to bind antibodies
Elution is by a high pH buffer and then neutralized in a fraction tube
Samples are tested by SDS-PAGE to determine peak fraction

Explanation

Question 141 of 174

1

Horseradish peroxidase is often used in fluorescent labelling

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 142 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A subset of lab IgG Uses:
1. : To determine quanitity and bad identity on a gel
2. : To determine how much of a protein is present in a mixture
3. : to determine the identity of a pathogen
4. : To determine antigens/antibodies present in a sample
5. staining: To localize proteins in a cell

Explanation

Question 143 of 174

1

What is the half life of IgG in days?

Select one of the following:

20
21
22
23

Explanation

Question 144 of 174

1

What is the difference between ELISA and Western blotting techniques?

Select one of the following:

ELISA uses a membrane
Western blotting uses a membrane
ELISA does not us proteins
Western blotting uses DNA

Explanation

Question 145 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Plasmid Types
plasmids- transmitted during conjugation, carry a variety of information
plasmids- protect against environmental factors, multiple drug resistance plasmids
plasmids- codes for proteins that kill other microbes
plasmids- contain genes for novel catholic enzymes
- increases the pathogenicity of a bacteria

Explanation

Question 146 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Typical components of natural plasmids are:
1. of to allow for more production
2. selection gene to force cells to keep the plasmid at high numbers
3. gene to allow differentiation from normal cells compared to plasmid containing cells
4. sites to allow places to insert foreign DNA

Explanation

Question 147 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Assays should be:
Sensitive

Rapid

Explanation

Question 148 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The following are important volume concepts in chromatography:
Vt- volume of the
Vo- volume the beads
Vi-volume the beads
Ve- volume at which the sample is

Explanation

Question 149 of 174

1

Small proteins travel through Vt

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 150 of 174

1

Which of the following describe why a spin column is used?

Select one of the following:

To purify proteins through charge
To extract DNA from cleared bacterial lysate
TO purify proteins based on size

Explanation

Question 151 of 174

1

Which of the following could be purified using an affinity chromatography column?

Select one of the following:

Substrate
Carbohydrate
Neurons

Explanation

Question 152 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A gel is used to down movement, prevent of the proteins and create

Explanation

Question 153 of 174

1

Which of the following stains are matched with their correct procedures?

Select one or more of the following:

Coomassie Blue- stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat
Sliver Nitrate- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours
Fluorescent- sensitive but requires specialized equipment
Coomassie Blue- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours
Coomassie Blue- sensitive but requires specialized equipment
Silver Nitrate-sensitive but requires specialized equipment
Sliver Nitrate- stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat
Fluorescent- more complicated and time consuming. 11 solution changes and 2+ hours
Fluorescent stain 10 minute, soak in buffer 10 minutes, repeat

Explanation

Question 154 of 174

1

?Which of the following can help with band resolution?

Select one or more of the following:

Use more volume
Use less volume
Concentrate the sample
Run a stacking gel
Run a shorter gel
Run a longer gel

Explanation

Question 155 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Acid urea gel contain running buffer contains 5% . It will protonate some R-groups, giving many proteins an overall charge. It contains a high content of 15%. It runs slower that an SDS-PAGE and .

Explanation

Question 156 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Native gels mobility of proteins depends on , and . The charge depends on the buffer used. The gel runs substantially than SDS-PAGE and some sample may not enter the gel based on charge at their specific pH.

Explanation

Question 157 of 174

1

Sickle-cell anemia occurs because of the replacements of valine with glutamic acid

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 158 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is a method to look for a protein of interest from a gel using antibodies against the protein. A protein gel i first run. The gel is then transferred to a membrane with a high for protein such as transfer or transfer. The membrane has a high affinity for protein so all empty spots much be filled with or Powder. Once blocked, the antibody may be added to blot and allowed to bind A protein may then be used to detect the presence of the primary antibody. They are helpful for detection of a from a sample, profiles of protein, verification of a organism, or to detect infections, such as .

Explanation

Question 159 of 174

1

Which of the following labelling methods results in electrons exposing X-ray film layered over the blot as they decay?

Select one of the following:

Isotope Labelling
Enzyme labelling
Fluorescent Labelling

Explanation

Question 160 of 174

1

Which of the following is an example of enzyme labelling?

Select one of the following:

Horseradish phosphotase
Horseradish phosphate
ALkaline Phosphotase
Alkaline peroxidase

Explanation

Question 161 of 174

1

Which of the following labelling methods can often be found in crime scenes?

Select one of the following:

Enzyme labelling
Fluorescent labelling
Isotope Labelling

Explanation

Question 162 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Fluorescence microscopy:
Culture cells or tissue sections are placed on .
Cells are fixed using or methanol/acetone and rinsed.
Cells are permeabilized using dilute .
Cells are blocked to reduce binding.
antibody is added/washed
fluorescent antibody is added/ washed.

Explanation

Question 163 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Types of Fluorescent Microscopy:
Standard: whole image is illuminated and out of focus light makes the in focus image
Pro:
Cons: and
Confocal: whole image is illuminated and out of focus light is
Pro: very good
Con:
Two photon: less energetic light is used (infrared) and photons must hit the dye simultaneously to it
Pro: lower photo damage, better tissue
Con: , somewhat resolution to confocal

Explanation

Question 164 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Typical components of vectors:
Original of
selection gene
Insert gene
sites

Explanation

Question 165 of 174

1

How does EcoRI prevent it's own DNA from being cut?

Select one of the following:

Addition of methyl to all A's int eh sequence
Addition of methyl to the second A of GAATC sequence
Addition of methyl to the third A of GAATC sequence

Explanation

Question 166 of 174

1

How often will the sequence GAATTC show up in the DNA?

Select one of the following:

4
16
64
256
4096

Explanation

Question 167 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A concentration allows for larger band to be resolved while small bands run through. A concentration allows small bands to be resolved while large bands stack together. occurs as large DNA (>25,000) reaches the resolvable limit and otherwise will not . The DNA will travel way like a snake and no longer . Thus, the edge determine the speed and cannot change.

Explanation

Question 168 of 174

1

A PFGE is used to show separation of DNA approximately 15000 bp or bigger

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 169 of 174

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

To isolate the plasmid:
1. Culture pelleted to remove broth
2. Cells are resuspended in , EDTA, or Salt
3. Cells are lysed with things such as NaOH, , Lysozymes,
4. Solution is treated to debris
5. Spin out debris, remains in supernatant

Plasmid precipitation:
1. Salt added to supernatant-, LiCl, NaAc
2. 1-3 volumes of alcohol added to solution- or
3. Chill on ice
4. Spin in centrifuge to collect DNA. The DNA is now found as the .
5. Wash with 70% (to desalt)
6. Dry and resuspend in water or TE. Typically a buffer is chosen to provide .

Explanation

Question 170 of 174

1

Which of the following are basic components of PCR Mechanism?

Select one or more of the following:

Template DNA
Template RNA
Oligonucleotide primers
dNTP
Disaccharide primers
Polymerase
Heat-stable polymerase
Buffer

	Created by Emma Maelde about 8 years ago

This quiz covers material from lectures 1-24

BMSC 240 Midterm and Final

Question 1 of 174

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

is the study of the world using scierntific method. is the study of living things.

Explanation

Question 2 of 174

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

variables are what are altered in the experiment, while variables are what you are observing in the experiment. Both of these are known as variables.

Explanation

Question 3 of 174

A scientist is wanting to sterilize water from the bacteria it contains. An example of a positive control is/are:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 174

What are the two types of false results that can occur in an experiment?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 174

Which of the following is an additional concern (as told by Professor Anderson) to scientists performing an experiment?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 174

Sensitivity is when a positive result only comes from a truly positive sample.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 174

An instrument has not been calibrated correctly. This is an example of:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 174

Which of the following has a fragile glass probe?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 174

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A pH meter must be rinsed and stored in between uses. The random errors that can come from using a pH meter are not , and measuring before . The systematic errors that can come from using a pH meter is if it is not correctly.

Explanation

Question 10 of 174

What happens if a pH meter is not stored in solution between uses?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 174

An example of random error for a scale is vibrations that can change numbers.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 174

A vortex mixer:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 174

Differences between a micropipette and pipette are:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 174

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

An is a proton donor, while a is a proton acceptor.

Explanation

Question 15 of 174

pH is represented on a log scale

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 174

pKa is:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 174

A buffer is effective within 1.5 pH units from the pKa

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 174

What ratio of acetate ion to acetic acid would you need to make up an acetate buffer with a pH of 5.25? pKa = 4.74.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 174

What acts as the acid and base, respectively, for the amino acid?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 174

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

: A tube that holds the sample
Transmittance: the proportion of light that the sample allows to : the amount of light the sample blocks
: a comparison sample with non of the measure substance
Standard Curve: A series of samples used to generate comparison data