1.1 Structure of the Earth

Question 1 of 22

1

Label the layers of the Earth.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Crust

Oceanic Plate

Moho

Upper mantle

Lower mantle

Inner core

Outer core

Gutenberg

Continental plate

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Lehmann discontinuity

Explanation

Question 2 of 22

1

What is the composition of the oceanic crust?

Select one or more of the following:

Basalt
Dolerite
Granite
Andesite
Gabbro

Explanation

Question 3 of 22

1

What is the age of the oceanic crust?

Select one or more of the following:

160Ma
135Ma
180Ma

Explanation

Question 4 of 22

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

A rheid is a .

Explanation

Question 5 of 22

1

The density of the continental crust is 2.7 g/cm3.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 22

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The average thickness of the oceanic crust is .

Explanation

Question 7 of 22

1

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The average thickness of the continental crust is .

Explanation

Question 8 of 22

1

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Partial melting is where a proportion of the ( minerals, crystals, grains ) in a rock have a lower ( freezing point, boiling point, melting point ) allowing them to melt whilst the rest remain solid.

Explanation

Question 9 of 22

1

What minerals are peridotite composed of?

Select one or more of the following:

Amphibole
Pyroxene
Olivine
Quartz
Muscovite

Explanation

Question 10 of 22

1

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Peridotite is an ultramafic igneous rock with a ( fine, medium, coarse ) crystal grain size.

Explanation

Question 11 of 22

1

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Properties of the :
- It is made up of the crust and top part of the upper .
- High geothermal gradient
- It is .
- It is made of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
- P and S waves gradually with depth.
- Density 2.7 to g/cm3.

Explanation

Question 12 of 22

1

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Properties of the asthenosphere:
- It is a
- It is 5% partially molten
- low geothermal gradient
- below the
- made of
- P and S waves slow down
- density g/cm3

Explanation

Question 13 of 22

1

At what depth is the Lehmann Discontinuity?

Select one of the following:

5100km
2900km
700km
35km

Explanation

Question 14 of 22

1

At what depth is Gutenberg discontinuity?

Select one of the following:

2900km
av 35km
5100km
700km

Explanation

Question 15 of 22

1

What depth is the lower mantle?

Select one of the following:

700km-2900km
2900km-5100km
35km-700km
5100km-6370km

Explanation

Question 16 of 22

1

What is the depth of the inner core?

Select one of the following:

2900km-5100km
5100km-6370km
35km-700km
700km-2900km

Explanation

Question 17 of 22

1

What is the depth of the upper mantle?

Select one of the following:

35km-700km
2900km-5100km
5100km-6370km
700km-2900km

Explanation

Question 18 of 22

1

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Direct evidence for the composition of the crust:
B
- of igneous and metamorphic rock are brought to the surface from depths of about km (geological)
M
_ Rocks can be observed at depth in . The deepest mine is about 4 km.
V
- Crustal rocks brought up in such as fragments from volcanic vent or magma chamber
O
- Oceanic crust is and exposed by erosion allowing rocks such as , dolerite or gabbro to be seen

Explanation

Question 19 of 22

1

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Direct evidence for the composition of the mantle:
Mantle xenoliths
- Peridotite is brought to the in volcanic eruptions.
Ophiolites
- Peridotite is sometimes found at the of ophiolites.
pipes
- Bring up of from the mantle from up to 250 km depth.

Explanation

Question 20 of 22

5

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How are seismic waves used as indirect evidence for the state of the layers of the Earth?
Asthenosphere:
- in velocities of P and S waves due to reduction in caused by 5% partial melting.
Lower Mantle:
- Increase in velocity of P and S waves as pressure increases and rocks become more .
Outer core:
- P waves suddenly as they enter outer core as rigidity is .
- S waves stop completely as they cannot be transmitted in a .
Inner Core:
- P waves speed up at Lehmann Discontinuity as they enter inner core.
- S waves are by P waves.

Explanation

Question 21 of 22

1

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Indirect evidence for the composition of the Earth:

- meteorites
- Earth has a magnetic field
- Earth has a high average density of gm/cm3 and the density of the oceanic crust is 2.9g/cm3 and the continental crust is 2.7g/cm3 so therefore the density of the core must be high.
Mantle
- meteorites which are dense like the mantle.

Explanation

Question 22 of 22

1

	Created by Izzy Backhouse over 10 years ago

pgs. 6-11

1.1 Structure of the Earth

Question 1 of 22

Label the layers of the Earth.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 2 of 22

What is the composition of the oceanic crust?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 22

What is the age of the oceanic crust?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 22

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

A rheid is a .

Explanation

Question 5 of 22

The density of the continental crust is 2.7 g/cm3.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 22

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The average thickness of the oceanic crust is .

Explanation

Question 7 of 22

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The average thickness of the continental crust is .

Explanation

Question 8 of 22

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Partial melting is where a proportion of the minerals crystals grains( minerals, crystals, grains ) in a rock have a lower freezing point boiling point melting point( freezing point, boiling point, melting point ) allowing them to melt whilst the rest remain solid.

Explanation

Question 9 of 22

What minerals are peridotite composed of?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 22

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Peridotite is an ultramafic igneous rock with a fine medium coarse( fine, medium, coarse ) crystal grain size.

Explanation

Question 11 of 22

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Properties of the : - It is made up of the crust and top part of the upper . - High geothermal gradient - It is . - It is made of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. - P and S waves gradually with depth. - Density 2.7 to g/cm3.

Explanation

Question 12 of 22

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Properties of the asthenosphere: - It is a - It is 5% partially molten - low geothermal gradient - below the - made of - P and S waves slow down - density g/cm3

Explanation

Question 13 of 22

At what depth is the Lehmann Discontinuity?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 22

At what depth is Gutenberg discontinuity?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 22

What depth is the lower mantle?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 22

What is the depth of the inner core?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 22

What is the depth of the upper mantle?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 22

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 19 of 22

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Direct evidence for the composition of the mantle: Mantle xenoliths - Peridotite is brought to the in volcanic eruptions. Ophiolites - Peridotite is sometimes found at the of ophiolites. pipes - Bring up of from the mantle from up to 250 km depth.

Explanation

Question 20 of 22

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Explanation

Partial melting is where a proportion of the ( minerals, crystals, grains ) in a rock have a lower ( freezing point, boiling point, melting point ) allowing them to melt whilst the rest remain solid.

Peridotite is an ultramafic igneous rock with a ( fine, medium, coarse ) crystal grain size.

Properties of the :
- It is made up of the crust and top part of the upper .
- High geothermal gradient
- It is .
- It is made of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
- P and S waves gradually with depth.
- Density 2.7 to g/cm3.

Properties of the asthenosphere:
- It is a
- It is 5% partially molten
- low geothermal gradient
- below the
- made of
- P and S waves slow down
- density g/cm3

Direct evidence for the composition of the mantle:
Mantle xenoliths
- Peridotite is brought to the in volcanic eruptions.
Ophiolites
- Peridotite is sometimes found at the of ophiolites.
pipes
- Bring up of from the mantle from up to 250 km depth.