Correctly describe the family of Poxviridae
Large complex structured viruses with a single molecule of ds DNA
Large complex structured viruses with a two molecules of ds RNA
Large complex structured viruses with a single molecule of ss DNA
Small complex structured viruses with a single molecule of ss DNA
What are the two sub-families within Poxviridae?
Chordopoxvirinae
Entomopoxvirinae
Alphaherpesvirinae
Papillomavirus
Orbivirus
What is this lesion?
Pock
Pustule
Ulceration
Macule
What is the correct pathogenesis of a pock lesion?
Raised, reddened macule-->papule--> fluid filled vesicle-->Ruptures to form a crater (pock)-->Scarring
papule--> Raised, reddened macule--> fluid filled vesicle-->Ruptures to form a crater (pock)-->Scarring
fluid filled vesicle-->papule--> Raised, reddened macule-->Ruptures to form a crater (pock)-->Scarring
What is true of pox viruses?
Duration of immunity < life span of recovered animal
Reinfection possible
Surviving animals are NOT long term carriers
Infectious virus survives for years in infected material (scabs)
Pox viruses are very resistant in the environment
Surviving animals ARE long term carriers
Pox viruses are labile in the environment
Immunity is for life
Poxvirus transmission between animals may occur by?
Mechanical transmission
Respiratory route by droplets
Via abraded skin
Label this diagram correctly. Matching the correct genus with the virus groups (a-f)
What is true of cowpox?
Rodent reservoir
Endemic in Europe and Russia and exotic to Australia
Results in pock lesions on teats
Can affect humans causing maculopapular lesions on hands and face
Can affect domestic and large cats
Endemic to Australia
Mosquito reservoir
Sheeppox, Lumpy skin disease and Goat pox are closely related viruses that are indistinguishable by serological assays
How might an animal become infected by a Capripoxvirus (sheeppox, lumpy skin disease and goat pox)?
Skin abrasions
Inhalation of aerosols
Vector transmission
Gastrointestinal tract infection
Where are the Capripoxviruses (sheeppox, lumpy skin disease and goat pox) endemic to?
Endemic in SE Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia
Endemic in North America, Northern Europe and Australia
Endemic in North America and Australia
Endemic in North America, the UK, Africa and Asia
What is the pathogenesis of the Capripoxviruses (sheeppox, lumpy skin disease and goat pox)?
Replicates locally in skin
Replicates in lungs following inhalation
Can spread to regional lymph nodes
Replicates in the gut when swallowed
Replicates in lymphocytes
What is the incubation period of the Capripoxviruses (sheeppox, lumpy skin disease and goat pox)?
~ 1 week
~ 3 weeks
~ 2 weeks
~ 1 day
How might fowl pox be transmitted between animals?
Mechanical transmission via mosquitos
Aerosol transmission
GIT transmission
Fowl pox is found within what genus of poxviridae?
Avipoxvirus
Capripoxvirus
Orthopoxvirus
Parapoxvirus
What is the Parapoxviruses Orf also called?
Scabby Mouth
Contagious pustular dermatitis
Contagious ecthyma
What is this disease most likely to be if it is from the poxviridae family?
Orf
Bovine Papilloma virus
Foot and mouth disease
What is true of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of Orf?
Papular lesions progress to vesicles, pustules and then scabs
Lesions heal within 4 weeks (if no secondary bacterial infection)
Replicates in epidermal keratinocytes
Controlled by virulent vaccination
Lesions usually on lips and muzzle (feet, genitalia and teats)
Maintained in flocks by chronic carriers
Transmission via abrasions
Primarily a disease of young sheep
There are NO carrier animals
There is no vaccination available
What is Myxomatosis?
A poxvirus disease of rabbits
A papillomavirus disease of dogs
A poxvirus disease of dogs
A poxvirus disease of cats
Correctly describe the family of Asfarviridae?
They are complex enveloped double stranded DNA virus
They are complex enveloped single stranded DNA virus
They are complex non-enveloped double stranded DNA virus
They are complex enveloped double stranded RNA virus
They are complex non-double stranded RNA virus
Asfarviridae is Stable in the environment over a wide range of temperatures (4‐20oC) and a wide range of pH. It may persist for months in meat of infected pigs.
Which of the below viruses belong to the family Asfarviridae?
African Swine Fever Virus
African Horse Sickness
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)
What animals can Asfarviridae infect?
Soft ticks (Ornithodorus moubata and O erraticus)
Suidae (eg. pigs, warthogs)
Felidae (Domestic cats, lions, tigers)
Bovidae (cattle, ox)
Canidae (dogs, wolves)
Blow flies (Lucillia cuprina, Calliphora stygia)
Is a vaccine available for African Swine Fever Virus?
Yes
No
Where does the virus grow within the body?
In the reticuloendothelial system
In the respiratory sytem
In the nervous system
In the gastrointestinal system
Are there carriers of African swine fever virus?
Why might an animal with African Swine Fever Virus die?
Extensive haemorrhages in all organs due to platelet damage and complement activation
Damage to the CNS causing the lungs to collapse
Oedamatous fluid in the lungs
Describe the Herpesviruses?
Enveloped double stranded DNA viruses
Non-Enveloped double stranded DNA viruses
Enveloped single stranded DNA viruses
Non-enveloped single stranded DNA viruses
Why are the herpesviruses labile in environment and easily inactivated by heat, detergents, pH and drying?
They are enveloped viruses
They are non-enveloped viruses
They are capsulated viruses
How are Herpesviruses transmitted?
Close or mucosal contact for transmission (droplet)
What is the key feature of Herpesviruses?
They cause a lifelong latent infection
They cause 100% mortality in the infected
Infection results in lifelong immunity
What are the sub families of Herpesviridae?
Gammaherpesvirinae
Betaherpesvirinae
Deltaherpesvirinae
Alloherpesvirinae
Match the correct virus sub families to their features
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) can manifest as which of the below clinical diseases?
Rhinotracheitis
Generalised disease of newborn calves
Enteritis
Abortion
Conjunctivitis
Balanoposthitis
Vulvovaginitis
How is Bovine Herpesvirus 1 transmitted?
Respiratory route and cell associated viraemia to distant sites
GIT route
Fomites
Bovine herpesvirus 2 -- Bovine mammillitis virus (Pseudo‐lumpy skin disease virus) can cause which of the below forms of clinical disease
Mammillitis. Lesions localised to the teats.
Generalised skin lesions. Nodules & necrosis of the superficial epidermis
Bovine herpes virus 5 causes?
Fatal meningoencephalitis in calves thought to be due to direct neural spread from nasopharynx via trigeminal nerve
Respiratory disease, abortion and neurological disease in foals
Acute respiratory disease characterised by nasal discharge and lymphadenopathy in calves
A variety of clinical diseases
What is the most important viral cause of abortion in horses worldwide?
Equine herpesvirus 1
Equine herpesvirus 4
Bovine herpes virus 1
Equine sarcoid virus
African horse sickness
When do abortions usually occur in EHV 1?
Usually late gestation
Usually early gestation
Usually mid gestation
Abortions do not usually occur
How can you prevent EHV1 from spreading
Small groups based on foaling date
Pregnant mares be kept separate from other horses
There is a vaccine available
Cull all animals with the virus
How long is the aborting mare infectious for?
1‐2 days from reproductive tract and up to 2 weeks from the respiratory tract
5-10 days from reproductive tract and up to 6 weeks from the respiratory tract
5‐6 days from reproductive tract and up to 4 weeks from the respiratory tract
How can EHV1 and EHV4 be differentiated?
ELISA test for antibody
Electron microscopy
Viral culture
Which age group of horses show the most severe clinical signs to EHV4
Weanling and yearlings (juveniles)
Adults
Old horses
Feline herpesvirus 1 (Feline rhinotracheitis) causes?
acute respiratory disease characterised by nasal discharge, ocular discharge, sneezing, dyspnoea and occasional oral ulcers
fatal meningoencephalitis in kittens thought to be due to direct neural spread from nasopharynx via trigeminal nerve
abortion of kittens during late gestation
generalised skin lesions. Nodules & necrosis of the superficial epidermis
Gallid herpesvirus 1 is also known as?
Infectious laryngotracheitis
Gallid rhinopneumonitis
Gallid encephalitis virus
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