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Two major groups of animals based on gut anatomy
Rumen
4 Steps to food digestion in ruminants
Volatile Fatty Acids
dysbiosis
acidosis
Human Microbiome/Human Microbiome Project
Changes as food goes though the upper&lower gastrointestinal tracts
Positive effects of intestinal microbes
Transmission of Symbionts
1. Horizontal
2. Vertical
Bacterioicytes
Termite source of energy
Hawaiian Bobtail Squid
Rifta Tube
Colonization ( and location)
Skin Communities
Anti-Bacterial Enzymes in mouth (2)
Oral Microbal Communities
Steps of biofilm formation in dental diseases
Dental Caries
Gingivitis
Heliobacter pylori
Upper Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract
Urogenital Tract
Pathogenicity
Oppertunistic Pathogen
Invasion & Infection
ID50 & LD50
Adherence
Adherence Factors
Bacteremia
Virulence factor
Examples of Virulence Factors
Exotoxin
Types of Exotoxins
hemolysins
Diptheria toxin
Tetanus & Botulism (AB toxins)
Botulism Toxin
Tetanus toxin
Cholera - Vibrio cholerae
Effects of endotoxins on humans and animals
Assay for endotoxins
Innate Resistance
Risk Factors for Infections
Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
Antigen
Phagocyte
Macrophage
Two Parts of Adaptive Immunity
T-Cells
T-Cell Subtypes
B cells
Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
epitopes/antigenic determinants
Superantigen
Natural Active Immunity
Artificial Passive Immunity
Artificial Active Immunity
Vaccine Types
