Occurs when there is neurovasculae bundle compression by shoulder structures

What is the etiology of thoracic outlet syndrome?

What are most TOS attributed to?

What is another cause other than a compression of the brachial plexus?

What are the symptoms of TOS?

What do you scan for/ protocol for TOS?

How do you monitor blood flow in the hand?

To aggravate or prove TOS what are the different arm positions you can place the pt in?

Hand in lap, relaxing

Pt head turned toward the symptomatic shoulder while arm is extended then pt should inhale

Arm elevated 180 degrees above the head.

Exaggerated military stance with chest out shoulders back, arms back.

Elbows bent, hands up, shoulders pressed upward and back.

Position patient in the causative position to stimulate when symptoms occur.

What does it mean when your resting values are maintained throughout various positions?

What does it mean when the waveforms are dampened or flattened in one or more positions?

How much does the waveform need to decrease to be positive for TOS?

Inter compartment pressures increase and exceeds capillary perfusion pressure.

What 3 things are caused by swelling within osteofacial compartments of the body?

What does compartment syndrome lead to?

With compartment syndrome what are nerves susceptible to?

Why does compartment syndrome occur?

What are the symptoms for compartment syndrome?

How do you diagnose compartment syndrome?

How do you fix compartment syndrome?

Thought to be caused by compression of the popliteal artery by the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle or muscle tendon.

Is popliteal entrapment syndrome common in males or females?

Can the popliteal artery have an abnormal location?

What are the symptoms for popliteal entrapment syndrome?

What will the Doppler waveforms look like in popliteal entrapment syndrome?

Non atherosclerotic disease that affects the media of arterial wall.

Where is fibromuscular dysplasia found?

Does fibromuscular dysplasia occur in men or women?

What are the 4 types of fibromuscular dysplasia?

What is the most common form of fibromuscular dysplasia?

Appears as a string of beads on angiography

Where does a FMD most frequently occur?

What does duplex scanning reveal when you are looking at ICA FMD?

What is the most common referral for a ICA FMD?

Occurs mid to distal portion of the renal artery

What is the common cause of renal FMD?

Narrowing of the aortic lumen obstructing blood flow.

Where are most coarctation commonly located?

Can a coarctation of the aorta affect the abdominal aorta?

What are the 3 types of coarctation?

Prox to ductus arteriosis

At the level of the DA

Distal to DA

When you have a coarctation, will the pressure and waveforms dismally be normal?

Where does high blood pressure exist in a coarctation?

Do you need to take BP when a pt has known coarctation ?

Both arms have a high velocity.

Inflammation of the arterial wall, aka vasculitis

What does arteritis often result in?

What is the most common type of arteritis?

Aka thromboangitis obliterans

This disease is associated with men <40 who heavily smoke

Pt presents with occlusions of the distal arterial disease, and rest pain and ischemia ulceration early in he course of disease

What is commonly seen in Buergers disease?

This is a intermittent prolonged digital vasospasm

What are the common skin color changes that occur with Raynaud's phenomenon?

This is a vasospastic disorder without underlying disease that is caused by stimulus.

What are some stimuli that cause primary Raynaud's syndrome?

In primary Raynaud's syndrome are he digital and palmar arteries without obstruction?

What are the symptoms of primary Raynaud's syndrome?

Aka obstructive Raynaud's syndrome.

Normal vasoconstrictive response of the arteriolar super imposed on a fixed arterial obstruction. (Ischemia is constantly present)

What does cold cause the arteries to do in secondary Raynaud's syndrome?

Do secondary Raynaud's phenom occur in men or women more?

____ related to connective tissue disorder

What percentage are idiopathic in raynauds syndrome?

What percentage are due to trauma, frostbite, vibration injury in Raynaud's syndrome ?

What do you evaluate in a digital exam?

What is test a for Raynaud's syndrome?

What does it mean if pre PPG waveform amplitude returns to baseline within 5 min?

What does it mean if the amplitude remains low, continuous 2 min intervals until 10 min?

Why do you use test b?

Explain what test b is?

In test b if the exam remains abnormal, then it suggests?

In test b if the patters returns to normal , what would it suggest?

What are the treatments so Raynaud's syndrome?