What colour top should you use for haematology?
Biochemistry?

What are the three leakage enzymes?

why are they called leakage enzymes?

How long does it take them to appear?

What are the two induction enzymes?

Why are they called induction enzymes?

How long does it take them to appear?

What kind of enzyme is ALT

What does an increase in ALT mean?

when does increase occur?

How do you interpret ALT

Mild increase
Marked increase (400)

What kind of enzyme is AST?

what does an increase in AST mean?

To interpret what an increase in AST is due to, what do you need to know?

What kind of enzyme is GLDH?

What does an increase mean?

What kind of enzyme is ALP?

what may an increase in ALP indicate?

when would you see an increase in ALP?

Why is ALP difficult to interpret?

What kind of enzyme is GGT?

what does an increase indicate?

What may cause an increase in GGT in largies (specific diseases)

What do liver function tests evaluate?

What level must serum bilirubin be at before you see jaundice?

What are the 5 causes of hyperbilirubinaemia?

When may fasting hyperbilirubinaemia occur?

Who does it affect?

How severe is it/do you see jaundice?

When may pre-hepatic hyperbilirubinaemia occur?

How severe is it/do you see jaundice?

When may you see hepatic hyperbilirubinaemia?

How severe is it/do you see jaundice?

What may cause post hepatic hyperbilirubinaemia?

How severe is it/ do you see jaundice?

What may cause septic hyperbilirubinaemia?

what animal does it affect?

In which species is seeing hyperbilirubinaemia and bilirubinuira significant?

what does it suggest?

Is seeing bilirubinuria significant in dogs?

why?

Describe entero-heptic re circulation of bile acids

What may cause an increase in serum BA's

Explain portosystemic shunt

When and when not should BA levels be tested?

How do you test Bile acids?

How do you interpret a BA test?

What does it mean if BAs are increased?

What are some compounds the liver usually makes

Do you see low albumin in acute or chronic liver disease? why?

What CS might you expect to see 2ndary to hypoalbuminaemia?

In what animal won't you see low albumin in chronic renal failure?

Why do you get decreased urea in liver failure?

What are the two things may you see in terms of cholesterol and liver failure? why?

What may you see in terms of glucose and liver failure?

What may you see in terms of clotting factors with liver failure?

Besides bloods, what are some other methods to sample the liver?

Name some advantages and disadvantages ofdoing a FNA for cytology

What are some advantages and disadvantages of doing a liver biopsy for histology

If taking a PM liver sample, how thick should the sample be and what is the ration of tissue: formulin