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Cytology PMU 1st Year

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Cytology PMU 1st Year

Question 1 of 59

1

Receptor mediated endocytosis is the process of accepting substances, after recognizing them and linking them to their specific membrane receptors.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 59

1

The clathrin protein participates in the coated vesicles.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 59

1

Exocytosis is the process of releasing secretory granules through the cell membrane.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 59

1

Glycocalix is a glycoprotein coat located on top of the plasmalemma and attached to it.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 59

1

Cytoplasmic inclusions are obligatory (general) cell organelles.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 59

1

Cell matrix (cyotsol) is a light microscopy concept designated to the part of the cytoplasma that is not occupied by any structures.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 59

1

Mitochondria observed under light microscope appear as tender granules or filaments.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 59

1

Nissl bodies (substance) are a light microscope image of the rough (granular) endoplasmic reticulum.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 59

1

Each cilia is built of microtubules following the 9x3+0 formula.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 59

1

The coated vesicles participates in the intracellular transport processes.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 59

1

Golgi apparatus can be observed only by light microscope.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 59

1

Euchromatin is the active form of the chromatin in the nucleus

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 59

1

Microtubules are elements of the cytoskeleton.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 59

1

Cell (plasma) membrane consists of:

Select one of the following:

  • Lipid bilayer and integral proteins

  • Lipid bilayer, integral proteins, polysaccharides

  • Lipid bilayer and protein bilayer

  • Lipid monolayer and integral proteins

Explanation

Question 15 of 59

1

The pinocytosis is:

Select one of the following:

  • Uptake by the cells of fluid material

  • Extrusion of material to the exterior

  • Transport of molecules through the plasmalemma with structural changes in it.

  • Transport of molecules through the plasmalemma using enzymes.

Explanation

Question 16 of 59

1

By which of the following contacts the intercellular space disappears:

Select one of the following:

  • "Zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)

  • Tight junction (Zonula Occludens)

  • Desmosome (Macula adherens)

  • Gap Junction (nexus)

Explanation

Question 17 of 59

1

The conexones are structural components of:

Select one of the following:

  • "Zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)

  • Tight junction (zonula occludens)

  • Desmosome (macula adherens)

  • Gap junction (nexus)

Explanation

Question 18 of 59

1

Golgi apparatus is stained with:

Select one of the following:

  • Iron-hematoxylin

  • Feulgen reaction

  • Silver nitrate (AgNO3)

  • Hematoxylin-eosin

Explanation

Question 19 of 59

1

Formation of new mitochondria is associated with:

Select one of the following:

  • Modification of Golgi apparatus cisternae

  • Their own budding or simple division

  • Modification of rough-surfaced (granular) endoplasmic reticulum

  • Fusion of lysosomes

Explanation

Question 20 of 59

1

Which of the following processes is concerned with the rough-surfaced (granular) endoplasmic reticulum:

Select one of the following:

  • Protein synthesis

  • Glycogen formation

  • Lipid synthesis

  • Carbohydrate metabolism

Explanation

Question 21 of 59

1

The coated vesicles participate in:

Select one of the following:

  • Intracellular digestion

  • Lipid synthesis

  • Intracellular transport processes

  • Protein synthesis

Explanation

Question 22 of 59

1

The lysosomes consists of:

Select one of the following:

  • Single membrane and phosphorylating enzymes

  • Single membrane and hydrolytic enzymes

  • Double infolded membrane

  • Microtubules

Explanation

Question 23 of 59

1

The microtubules are components of:

Select one of the following:

  • Nucleus

  • Cytoskeleton

  • Cell (plasma) membrane

  • Nuclear envelope

Explanation

Question 24 of 59

1

The sex chromatin (Barr Body) is seen in:

Select one of the following:

  • Male somatic cells

  • Female somatic cells

  • Male germ cells

  • Female germ cells

Explanation

Question 25 of 59

1

Feulgen reaction (technique) is used for visualization of:

Select one of the following:

  • RNA

  • DNA

  • Proteins

  • Polysaccharides

Explanation

Question 26 of 59

1

The histone proteins (histones) take part in:

Select one of the following:

  • Formation of DNA molecule

  • Formation of the karyoplasm

  • Formation of the nuclear pores

  • Formation of the ribesomes

Explanation

Question 27 of 59

1

The interphase nucleus of young, functional activity cells is:

Select one of the following:

  • Pyknotic

  • Large, pale stained with prominent nucleolus

  • With extremely dense heterochromatin

  • Fragmented

Explanation

Question 28 of 59

1

At metaphase the chromosomes:

Select one of the following:

  • Move to the center of the cell in relation to the spindle fibers

  • Move to the opposite poles of the cell

  • Are free dispersed in the cell

  • Are attached to inner surface of nuclear envelope

Explanation

Question 29 of 59

1

Mitotic spindle fibers consists of:

Select one of the following:

  • Microtubules

  • Microfilaments

  • Myofilaments

  • Neurofibrils

Explanation

Question 30 of 59

1

The lipids are visualized using:

Select one of the following:

  • Iron hematoxylin

  • Sudan III

  • PAS reaction

  • Hematoxylin - Eosin

Explanation

Question 31 of 59

1

The karyorexis is:

Select one of the following:

  • Fragmentation of the nucleus

  • Melting of the nucleus

  • Disappearance of the nucleolus

  • Extrusion of the nucleus

Explanation

Question 32 of 59

1

The apocrine secretion is associated with:

Select one of the following:

  • Loss of the apical portion of the cell cytoplasm

  • The entire cell is secreted

  • Without the loss of any cell cytoplasm

  • Loss of the basal portion of the cell cytoplasm

Explanation

Question 33 of 59

1

The apoptosis is:

Select one of the following:

  • Programmed cell death

  • Cell death under pathological conditions

  • Cell differentiation

  • Cell division

Explanation

Question 34 of 59

1

The fibers of the division spindle are:

Select one of the following:

  • Microtubules

  • Microfibrils

  • Neurofibrils

  • Neurotubules

Explanation

Question 35 of 59

1

The nucleolus is:

Select one of the following:

  • related to the formation of the subunits of the ribosomes

  • limited by a membrane

  • associated to the inner nuclear membrane

  • visible in the mitotic nucleus

Explanation

Question 36 of 59

1

The enzyme acid phosphate is characteristic for:

Select one of the following:

  • Mitochondria

  • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(rER)

  • Lysosomes

  • Ribosomes

Explanation

Question 37 of 59

1

The integral protein of the plasma membrane interact with:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Peripheral proteins

  • Components of the cytoskeleton

  • Lysosomes

  • Nucleolus

  • Endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation

Question 38 of 59

1

The glycocalix:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is polysaccharide layer

  • Takes part in the cell adhesion

  • Takes part in the cell cooperation

  • Contains protein and ion channels

  • Takes part in the ATP synthesis

Explanation

Question 39 of 59

1

The types of adherent junctions are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Desmosomes (macula adherens)

  • Hemi-desmosome

  • Nexus

  • Zonula adherens

  • "Zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)

Explanation

Question 40 of 59

1

The nexus is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Built of connexones

  • Cell organelle

  • Occluding junction (tight junction)

  • Consisting of protein channels for transport of small molecules and ions between the cells

  • Enzyme

Explanation

Question 41 of 59

1

The basophilia of the cell cytoplasm is due to:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Presence of abundant smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum

  • Presence of abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum

  • Numerous mitochondria

  • Numerous ribosomes

  • Presence of abundant lipid droplets

Explanation

Question 42 of 59

1

The nuclear pores:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Are localized to the inner nuclear membrane

  • Consist of three rings each containing 8 protein granules

  • Are closed by a thin, fibrous unilaminar diaphragm

  • Are built of connexones

  • Are localized to the outer nuclear membrane

Explanation

Question 43 of 59

1

The nucleolus is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • General cell organelle

  • Built of parts of the chromosones N.13, 14, 15, 21, 22

  • Place where the ribesomes are fromed

  • Component of the nucleus

  • Bounded by a membrane

Explanation

Question 44 of 59

1

The main functions of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Formation of the secretory granules

  • Add carbohydrates to the proteins (formation of glycoproteins)

  • Synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones

  • Synthesis of glycogen and mucus

  • Intracellular transport

Explanation

Question 45 of 59

1

The term dyctiosome describes:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Component of Golgi complex

  • Component of centrioles

  • Flattened cisternae with outer forming and inner secreting surfaces

  • Releasing of secretory granules form the inner surface

  • Releasing of secretory granules form the outer surface

Explanation

Question 46 of 59

1

Which of the following features are specific for the mitochondria:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Posses own genetic apparatus

  • Formation of new mitochondria is trough their own budding or simple division

  • Take part in the ATP synthesis

  • Take part in the polysaccharides synthesis

  • Are component of the cytoskeleton

Explanation

Question 47 of 59

1

The mitochondria are visualized using:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Iron-hematoxylin

  • Methylene blue

  • Acid fucsin by Altmann's method

  • Hematoxylin-Eosin

  • Impregnation technique

Explanation

Question 48 of 59

1

Which of the following features are common for the mitochondria and peroxysomes

Select one or more of the following:

  • Are bounded by double membrane

  • Contain matrix with numerous enzymes

  • Take part in the biosynthesis of fatty acids

  • Are general membrane cell organelles

  • Posses own genetic apparatus

Explanation

Question 49 of 59

1

Which of the following features are specific for the lysosomes

Select one or more of the following:

  • Take part in the steroid synthesis

  • Take part in the intracellular digestion

  • Contain hydrolytic enzymes

  • Are related to processes of cell aging and death

  • Contain phosphorylating

Explanation

Question 50 of 59

1

Which of the following features are specific for the peroxysomes:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Take part in the steroid synthesis

  • Take part in the intracellular digestion

  • Contain oxidative enzymes

  • Contain matrix with crystalloid

  • Contain phosphorylating enzymes

Explanation

Question 51 of 59

1

Which of the following features are specific for the microtubules

Select one or more of the following:

  • Sustain the cell shape

  • Are built from the protein actin

  • Take part in the intracellular transport of molecules and organelles

  • Ensure mobility of the microvilli

  • Participate in the formation of spindle fibers during mitosis

Explanation

Question 52 of 59

1

Typical for the nuclear membrane (envelope) is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • made of one layer (membrane)

  • double layered

  • continuous with rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

  • ribosomes on the inner layer (membrane)

  • nuclear pores

Explanation

Question 53 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

By light microscopic observation of section of spinal ganglion stained with AgNO3 (silver impregnation) a reticular network situated near the nucleus is visible.
What is this organelle?
Ans:

Explanation

Question 54 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Electron microscopy reveals a shallow bowl-like complex consisting of parallel arranged cisternae (flattened plates) with associated vesicles and vacuoles.
What is this organelle?
Ans:

Explanation

Question 55 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

By electron microscopy, a pair of cylindrical structures localized at right angle to each other is observed. In transverse section, their wall is composed of nine sets of three peripherally placed microtubules.
What is this organelle?
Ans:

Explanation

Question 56 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Under light microscope, in the cytoplasm of cells stained with Sudan III- hematoxylin colored in orange droplets surrounding blue nuclei are seen.
What is the name of the described structures?
Ans:

Explanation

Question 57 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

During the mitosis the chromosomes are localized in the opposite poles of the spindle fibers and form a specific figure.
Which phase of mitosis is this and what is the name of the figure?
Ans:

Explanation

Question 58 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

With electron microscope cylindrical structures made of 9x2+2 microtubules can be seen.
What is this organelle?
Ans:

Explanation

Question 59 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

With electron microscope an oval structure made of two membranes with cristae of the inner membrane can be seen
What are these structure?
Ans:

Explanation

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