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Osteology Anatomy 1st Year 1st Semester PMU

Question 1 of 109

1

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How the parts of the body from A to E correspond to the two types of skeleton classification?
A) Cranium ( 1, 2 )
B) Spine ( 1, 2 )
C) Pectoral Girdle ( 2, 1 )
D) Pelvic Girdle ( 2, 1 )
E) Ribs ( 1, 2 )

1/ Axial
2/ Appendicular

Explanation

Question 2 of 109

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

How the bones from A to E correspond to the two types of skeleton classification?
A) Atlas ( 1, 2 )
B) Axis ( 1, 2 )
C) Clavicle ( 2, 1 )
D) Sternum ( 1, 2 )
E) Hip Bone ( 2, 1 )

1/ Axial
2/ Appendicular

Explanation

Question 3 of 109

1

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Which of the bones from 1 to 5 are belonging to the types of bones from A to E?
1) Long Bones ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )
2) Short Bones ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )
3) Flat Bones ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 )
4) Irregular ones ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )
5) Sesamoid ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )

1/ Patella
2/ Vertebrae
3/ Carpals
4/ Ribs
5/ Tibia

Explanation

Question 4 of 109

1

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Which structure from A to C is closely related with definitions from 1 to 3?
A) Lamellae ( 2, 1, 3 )
B) Osteoclasts ( 1, 2, 3 )
C) Osteoblasts ( 3, 1, 2 )

1/ Responsible for bone resorption
2/ Concentric layers of mineralized bone
3/ Responsible for bone formation

Explanation

Question 5 of 109

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Which of the characteristics from 1 to 5 are typical for the structures labeled with A and B?
A) Red Marrow ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 ), ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 ), ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )
B) Yellow Marrow ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ), ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )

1/ Not so vascularized
2/ Consists of hamopoetic
3/ Large amount of fat cells
4/ Highly vascularized
5/ Involved with the production of RBC

Explanation

Question 6 of 109

1

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Which of A to E condition is best explained by 1 to 5 processes?
A. osteopenia ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )
B. osteoporosis ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )
C . ostcohypertrophy ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 )
D. osteosarcoma ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
F.. osteopetrosis ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )

1. tumor of the bone
2. decreased calcification or density of bone
3. progressive reduction in quantity of bone
4. overgrowth of bone
5. excessive formation of dense trabecular bone

Explanation

Question 7 of 109

1

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Match the structures letter A-E with the three bones:
A. tuberculum supraglenoidale ( 1, 2, 3 )
B. sulcus n. radialis (groove of radial nerve) ( 3, 1, 2 )
C. collum chirurgicum (surgical neck) ( 3, 1, 2 )
D. impressio ligamentum costoclavicularis ( 2, 1, 3 )
E. sulcus intertubercularis (intertubercular groove) ( 3, 1, 2 )

1. scapula
2. clavicula
3. humerus

Explanation

Question 8 of 109

1

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Match the structures letter A-E with the three bones:
A. coracoid process ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )
B. ostal groove ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 )
C. greatsciatic notch ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )
D. capitulum humeri ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
E. facies patellaris ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )

1. humerus
2. scapula
3. femur
4. rib
5. hip bone

Explanation

Question 9 of 109

1

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Match the structures letter A-E with the three bones:
A. transverse process ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 )
B. sternal end ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 )
C. auricular surface ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4 )
D. styloid process ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 )
E. trochanter minor ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )

1. femur
2. radius
3. clavicle
4. vertebra
5. sacrum

Explanation

Question 10 of 109

1

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Match the structures letter A-E with the three bones:
A. medial malleoulus ( 3, 1, 2 )
B. intercondylar eminence ( 3, 1, 2 )
C. linea aspera ( 2, 1, 3 )
D. greater trochanter ( 2, 1, 3 )
E. lunate surface ( 1, 2, 3 )

1. hip bone
2. femur
3. tibia

Explanation

Question 11 of 109

1

Femur is a long bone.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 109

1

Scapula is a long bone.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 109

1

Sacrum is a short bone.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 109

1

Scaphoid is a flat bone

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 109

1

Patella (knee cap) is a sesamoid bone.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 109

1

The clavicle possesses a rougher upper surface.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 109

1

The scapula possesses an articular surface on its lateral angle.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 109

1

The fibula is taking part in the formation of the knee joint.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 109

1

The radius is the bone of the antebrachium that is located on the same side as the tumb.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 109

1

Among the prominent markings of the scapula are the:

Select one of the following:

  • Supraspinous fossa, patellar fossa, iliac fossa

  • Superior border, medial angle, inferior border

  • Coracoid process, acromion process, scapular spine

  • Olecranon process, coronoid process, styloid process

Explanation

Question 21 of 109

1

The component bones of the pectoral girdle include:

Select one of the following:

  • Ilium and pubis

  • Clavicle and scapula

  • Scapula and humerus

  • Radius and ulna

Explanation

Question 22 of 109

1

The structures of the humerus that accept projections of the ulna in flexion and extension are:

Select one of the following:

  • Intertubercular groove, radial groove

  • Coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa

  • Medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle

  • Adial fossa, trochlear notch

Explanation

Question 23 of 109

1

The growth in length of a bone is at the:

Select one of the following:

  • Articular cartilage

  • Center of the shaft

  • Diaphyseal line

  • Epiphyseal plate

Explanation

Question 24 of 109

1

A structural feature of a typical cervical vertebra is:

Select one of the following:

  • A transverse foramen

  • A dens

  • A long spinous process

  • A fovea

Explanation

Question 25 of 109

1

The head of the femur articulates with the:

Select one of the following:

  • Glenoid cavity

  • Acetabulum

  • Obturator foramen

  • Patella

Explanation

Question 26 of 109

1

Among the prominent bone markings of the tibia are the:

Select one of the following:

  • Interochanteric line, interochanteric crest, patellar surface

  • Anterior crest, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus

  • Lateral malleolus, anterior crest, interosseous crest

  • Medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, tibial crest

Explanation

Question 27 of 109

1

The two proximal carpals that articulate with the radius in making the wrist joints are the:

Select one of the following:

  • Scaphoid and lunate

  • Triangular (triquetrum) and pisiform.

  • Lunate and pisiform

Explanation

Question 28 of 109

1

The medial malleolus is a process on the:

Select one of the following:

  • Tibia

  • Calcaneus

  • Fibula

  • Talus

Explanation

Question 29 of 109

1

The roughened vertical ridge on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Greater trochanter

  • Linea aspera

  • Patellar surface

  • Fovea capitis

Explanation

Question 30 of 109

1

Which portion of the sternum attaches to the greatest number of ribs?

Select one of the following:

  • Manubrium

  • Body

  • Xiphoid process

  • All attach to the same number

Explanation

Question 31 of 109

1

Sulcus nervi ulnaris is placed:

Select one of the following:

  • On the shaft (body) of the humerus

  • Behind the lateral epicondyle of humerus

  • On the shaft (body) of the ulna

  • Behind the medial epicondyle of humerus

Explanation

Question 32 of 109

1

What are the names of the bones in the human thumb?

Select one of the following:

  • Condyle and meniscus

  • Middle and distal phalanges

  • Proximal and distal phalanges

  • Trapezoid and hamate

Explanation

Question 33 of 109

1

Where in the body can the pisiform bone be found?

Select one of the following:

  • Ankle

  • Wrist

  • Coccyx

  • Spine

Explanation

Question 34 of 109

1

What is the more familiar name for the thoracic cage?

Select one of the following:

  • Rib cage

  • Hands

  • Ankles

  • Skull

Explanation

Question 35 of 109

1

Where in the human body would you find the cuneiform bones?

Select one of the following:

  • Throat

  • Hand

  • Pelvis

  • Foot

Explanation

Question 36 of 109

1

What is the coxal bone also known as:

Select one of the following:

  • Elbow

  • Hip bone

  • Knuckle

  • Shin

Explanation

Question 37 of 109

1

Where in the human body can sesamoid bones be found?

Select one of the following:

  • Heart

  • Muscles

  • Tendons

  • Shoulder

Explanation

Question 38 of 109

1

How many bones are there in the human body?

Select one of the following:

  • 39

  • 94

  • 206

  • 215

Explanation

Question 39 of 109

1

What type of bone are the pisiform and the patella?

Select one of the following:

  • Cortical

  • Cancellous

  • Spongy

  • Sesamoid

Explanation

Question 40 of 109

1

A vitamin D deficiency can cause:

Select one of the following:

  • Enamel hypoplasia

  • Rickets

  • Lack of sunlight

  • Scurvy

Explanation

Question 41 of 109

1

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 2

  • 5

  • 7

  • 10

Explanation

Question 42 of 109

1

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 7

  • 10

  • 12

  • 15

Explanation

Question 43 of 109

1

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 fused

  • 3

  • 5

  • 7

Explanation

Question 44 of 109

1

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 fused

  • 5 unfused

  • 5 fused

  • 7 fused

Explanation

Question 45 of 109

1

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

Select one of the following:

  • 2 fused

  • 4 fused

  • 7 fused

  • 2 unfused

Explanation

Question 46 of 109

1

Choose the surface feature that represents a depression in a bone.

Select one of the following:

  • Fossa

  • Process

  • Facet

  • Condyle

Explanation

Question 47 of 109

1

The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with a thin layer of connective tissue the ...................... .

Select one of the following:

  • Diaphysis

  • Endosteum

  • Periosteum

  • Epiphysis

Explanation

Question 48 of 109

1

..................... are the type of bone cell that tears down bone during the building and remodeling process.

Select one of the following:

  • Osteocytes

  • Osteoblasts

  • Osteoclasts

  • Bone lining cells

Explanation

Question 49 of 109

1

Cervical vertebrae differ from lumbar vertebrae in all of these aspects except ........................ .

Select one of the following:

  • Size

  • Bifid spinous process

  • Presence of transverse foramina

  • Presence of transverse processes

Explanation

Question 50 of 109

1

What portion of the scapula articulates with clavicle?

Select one of the following:

  • Acromion

  • Glenoid cavity

  • Spine

  • Scapular notch

Explanation

Question 51 of 109

1

What location on the humerus is the site of frequent fractures?

Select one of the following:

  • Anatomical neck

  • Surgical neck

  • Intertubercular

  • Deltoid tuberosity

Explanation

Question 52 of 109

1

The ............... of the humerus receives a process by the same name that comprises the outer elbow bone.

Select one of the following:

  • Coronoid fossa

  • Deltoid tuberosity

  • Trochlea

  • Olecranon fossa

Explanation

Question 53 of 109

1

What portion of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?

Select one of the following:

  • Styloid process

  • Tuberosity of radius

  • Head

  • Ulnar notch

Explanation

Question 54 of 109

1

Which carpal bone articulates with the first metacarpal?

Select one of the following:

  • Capitate

  • Hamate

  • Trapezoid

  • Trapezium

Explanation

Question 55 of 109

1

How many phalanges are present in each hand?

Select one of the following:

  • 28

  • 14

  • 15

  • 30

Explanation

Question 56 of 109

1

At which location do the three bones of the ossa coxae ossify?

Select one of the following:

  • Greater pelvis

  • Acetabulum

  • Pelvic brim

  • Pelvic inlet

Explanation

Question 57 of 109

1

Through which point of the pelvic girdle does the sciatic nerve pass to the leg?

Select one of the following:

  • Greater sciatic notch

  • Anterior sacral foramen

  • Obturator foramen

  • Acetabular notch

Explanation

Question 58 of 109

1

What is the point of attachment for the patellar ligament on the tibia?

Select one of the following:

  • Intercondylar eminence

  • Medial condyle

  • Tibial tuberosity

  • Anterior crest

Explanation

Question 59 of 109

1

What process makes up the outer ankle "bone"?

Select one of the following:

  • Medial malleolus of tibia

  • Lateral malleolus of fibula

  • Lateral epicondyle of tibia

  • Head of fibula

Explanation

Question 60 of 109

1

Which tarsal bone articulates with the first metatarsal bone of the foot?

Select one of the following:

  • Cuboid

  • Lateral cuneiform

  • Medial cuneiform

  • Intermediate cuneiform

Explanation

Question 61 of 109

1

During the healing of a bone fracture, what is the final step in the healing process?

Select one of the following:

  • Hematoma

  • Remodeling of the bony callus

  • Phagocyte activity

  • Formation of bony callus

Explanation

Question 62 of 109

1

Bones that form in tendons in response to stress are called

Select one of the following:

  • Cartilaginous bones

  • Sesamoid bones

  • Latent bones

  • Spongy bones

Explanation

Question 63 of 109

1

Which of the following is (are) not a part of the axial skeleton?

Select one of the following:

  • Skull

  • Ribs

  • Os coxae

  • both B and C

Explanation

Question 64 of 109

1

Which of the following is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?

Select one of the following:

  • The vertebral column

  • The patella

  • The clavicle

  • The femur

Explanation

Question 65 of 109

1

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

Select one of the following:

  • Support

  • Hemopoiesis

  • Mineral storage

  • Coordination

Explanation

Question 66 of 109

1

Which of the following is (are) not protected by the skeletal system?

Select one of the following:

  • Liver

  • Heart

  • Muscles

  • Central nervous system

Explanation

Question 67 of 109

1

Bone is primarily composed of:

Select one of the following:

  • Phosphorous

  • Calcium

  • Magnesium

  • Both A and B

Explanation

Question 68 of 109

1

In function, the skeletal system is most closely associated with the:

Select one of the following:

  • Muscular system

  • Mineral system

  • Nervous system

  • Urinary system

Explanation

Question 69 of 109

1

Which of the following is not one of the categories of bone shape?

Select one of the following:

  • Long bones

  • Flat bones

  • Thick bones

  • Short bones

  • Sesamoid bone

Explanation

Question 70 of 109

1

A facet is described as a:

Select one of the following:

  • Marked bony prominence

  • Sharp, slender process

  • Flattened or shallow articulating surface

  • Projection adjacent to a condyle

Explanation

Question 71 of 109

1

A small pit or depression on a bone is referred to as a:

Select one of the following:

  • Fossa

  • Fissure

  • Fovea

  • Meatus

Explanation

Question 72 of 109

1

Red bone marrow within certain long bones is in contact with the:

Select one of the following:

  • Articular cartilage

  • Endosteum

  • Epiphyseal plate

  • Periosteum

Explanation

Question 73 of 109

1

Large bone cells that enzymatically break down bone tissue and that play an important role in bone growth, remodeling, and healing are known as:

Select one of the following:

  • Osteogenic cells

  • Osteoblasts

  • Osteocytes

  • Osteoclasts

  • Bone-lining cells

Explanation

Question 74 of 109

1

Osteocytes within compact bone tissue are located in minute capsules, or spaces, known as:

Select one of the following:

  • Lacunae

  • Osteons

  • Lamellae

  • Trabeculae

  • Sinuses

Explanation

Question 75 of 109

1

In compact bone, the matrix is laid down in concentric rings called:

Select one of the following:

  • Osteons

  • Lamellae

  • Canaliculi

  • Trabeculae

Explanation

Question 76 of 109

1

........................ builds up bone, while ................ breaks down bone.

Select one of the following:

  • Meatus/marrow

  • Osteoblast activity/Osteoclast activity

  • Epiphysis/diaphysis

  • Diaphysis/epiphysis

Explanation

Question 77 of 109

1

Calcification is the process of:

Select one of the following:

  • Ossification

  • Osteoporosis

  • Growth

  • Mitosis

Explanation

Question 78 of 109

1

.................... is the process by which minerals are deposited in the matrix of cartilaginous bone tissue.

Select one of the following:

  • Ossification

  • Hardening

  • Calcification

  • Deposition

Explanation

Question 79 of 109

1

Spongy bone develops at the ............ ................. centers

Select one of the following:

  • Bone marrow

  • Histological zone

  • Primary ossification

  • Secondary ossification

Explanation

Question 80 of 109

1

A (n).............. .................. consists of five histological zones.

Select one of the following:

  • Epiphyseal plate

  • Primary ossification center

  • Secondary ossification center

  • Cartilage rings

Explanation

Question 81 of 109

1

The .................. is region of transformation from cartilage tissue to bone tissue.

Select one of the following:

  • Ossification zone

  • Calcification zone

  • Cartilage ring

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 82 of 109

1

Which of the following is not one of the four curvatures of the vertebral column?

Select one of the following:

  • Brachial curve

  • Thoracic curve

  • Cervical curve

  • Lumbar curve

Explanation

Question 83 of 109

1

Processes that limit the twisting of the vertebral column are the:

Select one of the following:

  • Spinous processes

  • Transverse processes

  • Lateral processes

  • Articular processes

Explanation

Question 84 of 109

1

Which of the following is (are) not considered part of the rib cage?

Select one of the following:

  • Clavicles

  • False ribs

  • Sternum

  • Costal cartilages

Explanation

Question 85 of 109

1

The three components of the sternum, listed from superior to inferior in position are:

Select one of the following:

  • Xiphoid process, sternal angle, costal notch

  • Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

  • Jugular notch, clavicular notch, costal notch

  • Body, manubrium, clavicular notch

Explanation

Question 86 of 109

1

Certain structures are common to all ribs; for example, a:

Select one of the following:

  • Tubercle

  • Head

  • Neck

  • Both B and C

Explanation

Question 87 of 109

1

Osteoporosis, the disorder characterized by weakening of bones, primarily as a result of calcium loss, is most common in which group?

Select one of the following:

  • Postmenopausal women

  • Elderly men

  • Children

  • All adults

Explanation

Question 88 of 109

1

The most virulent type of bone cancer, which frequently metastasizes through the blood to the lungs, is:

Select one of the following:

  • Osteoid osteomas

  • Osteoma

  • Osteogenic sarcoma

  • None; bone cancer is not virulent

Explanation

Question 89 of 109

1

A fissure is defined as:

Select one of the following:

  • A deep pit or socket

  • A rounded opening through a bone

  • A groove that accommodates a vessel, nerve, or tendon

  • A narrow, slitlike opening

Explanation

Question 90 of 109

1

Which of the following is found only on the femur?

Select one of the following:

  • Tubercle

  • Trochanter

  • Tuberosity

  • Head

Explanation

Question 91 of 109

1

Which of the following associations is not correct?

Select one of the following:

  • Endosteum/Yellow bone marrow

  • Medullary cavity/Endosteum

  • Medullary cavity/Periosteum

  • Red bone marrow/Spongy bone

Explanation

Question 92 of 109

1

Which of the following secures the periosteum to the bone?

Select one of the following:

  • Perforating fibers

  • Epiphyseal plate

  • Endosteum

  • diploe

Explanation

Question 93 of 109

1

Trabeculae

Select one of the following:

  • Are found in spongy bone

  • Give spongy bone a latticework appearance

  • Are found in compact bone

  • Both A and B

Explanation

Question 94 of 109

1

Which of the following is a primary curve of the vertebral column

Select one of the following:

  • Cervical

  • Lumbar

  • Thoracic

  • Pelvic

  • Both C and D

Explanation

Question 95 of 109

1

Which is not a characteristic of lumbar vertebrae?

Select one of the following:

  • Thin, long spinous processes

  • Transverse foramina

  • Large bodies

  • Thick spinous processes

  • Both A and B

Explanation

Question 96 of 109

1

Which is not part of the appendicular skeleton?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Vertebral column

  • Patella

  • Clavicle

  • Os coxae

  • Skull

Explanation

Question 97 of 109

1

All of the following are functions of the skeletal system?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Support

  • Blood cell production

  • Calcium storage

  • Excretion

  • Respiration

Explanation

Question 98 of 109

1

Osteoclasts

Select one or more of the following:

  • Deposit calcium into bone

  • Destroy bone matrix

  • Are a type of white blood cell

  • A and C are correct

  • A and B are correct

Explanation

Question 99 of 109

1

All of the following are bones of the thorax

Select one or more of the following:

  • Clavicle

  • Sternum

  • True ribs

  • False ribs

  • Sacrum

Explanation

Question 100 of 109

1

The bone of the upper limb is the:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Radius

  • Ulna

  • Humerus

  • Femur

  • Talus

Explanation

Question 101 of 109

1

The bone of the upper limb is the:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Radius

  • Ulna

  • Humerus

  • Femur

  • Lunate

Explanation

Question 102 of 109

1

The ribs

Select one or more of the following:

  • Are the bones forming the lateral thoracic wall

  • Are 14 pairs

  • Are several types described as typical or "true" ribs, "false" ribs "floating ribs"

  • Have many features in common: head, neck, tubercle, angle, body, costal groove.

  • Known as "floating" are attached to the sternum

Explanation

Question 103 of 109

1

Ilium

Select one or more of the following:

  • Is fan-shaped bone that forms the lateral prominence of the pelvis

  • Is one of the three bones that form the os coxae

  • Has a body that participates in the formation of the glenoid cavity

  • Has an anterior superoir iliac spine at the anterior end of the iliac crest

  • Has arcuate line which is inferior boundary of the iliac fossa

Explanation

Question 104 of 109

1

The phalanges are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Long bones

  • Short bones

  • are 13

  • are 14

  • are 15

Explanation

Question 105 of 109

1

The hip bone (os coxze) consists of:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Os coccygis

  • Os pubis

  • Os ischii

  • Os sacrum

  • Os ilium

Explanation

Question 106 of 109

1

The elements in the proximal end of the radius are

Select one or more of the following:

  • Processus styloideus

  • Circumferentia articularis

  • Incisura radialis

  • Tuberositas radii

  • Fovea articularis

Explanation

Question 107 of 109

1

In the adult vertebral column

Select one or more of the following:

  • The primary curves are in the thoracic and sacral region

  • There is more flexion and extension in the lumbar region than in the thoracic region

  • There is more rotation about a longitudinal axis in the thoracic region than in the lumbar region

  • The transverse processes are posterior to the articular processes in all the vertebrae

  • The shape of the intervertebral discs contributes to the secondary curves

Explanation

Question 108 of 109

1

Lumbar vertebrae show the following features

Select one or more of the following:

  • They have flat articular processes

  • Their transverse processes become progressively longer from above downwards

  • The plane of the joints between the articular processes is sagittal

Explanation

Question 109 of 109

1

In thoracic vertebrae

Select one or more of the following:

  • All the spinous processes are long and point downwards

  • All the transverse processes have articular facets for the ribs

  • All the bodies have two articular facets on each side for the ribs

  • The transverse processes increase in length from above downwards

  • All the superior articular processes are more or less in the coronal (frontal) plane.

Explanation

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