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What is a neuron?
What are the four structures or regions of a neuron? (Most common)
Cell body or Soma
Dendrites
Axon
Terminal Buttons
Unipolar Neuron
Bipolar Neuron
What Type of neuron is this?
What type of neuron is this?
Nucleus
What two things does the Nucleus contain?
Nucleolus
What is the function of a ribosome and what produces them?
Chromosomes
mRNA
S
What are the most important supporting cells of the central nervous system?
Glia
What are the 3 most important types of glial cells?
Microglia
Phagocytosis
What are microglia primarily responsible for?
Oligodendrocyte
Myelin Sheath
Astrocyte
Name the most important supporting cell and its 3 most important types
Neuraxis
Brain Sections
Horizontal Cuts
Sagittal Cuts
Coronal/Frontal Cuts
What type of cut is this?
What type of cut is this?
What type of cut is this?
Name the types of cuts left to right
Dorsal
Ventral
Rostral
Caudal
Meninges
What 3 layers does the meninges consist of?
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Membrane
Pia Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
What produces cerebrospinal fluid?
What is the total volume of CSF?
What is the half life of CSF?
Choroid Plexus
Ventricle
Lateral Ventricle
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
What connects the third and fourth ventricle?
Cerebral Aqueduct
Ventricular System
Explain the ventricular system step by step
Arachnoid Granulations
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Obstructive hydrocephalus
What is an example of an obstruction that can cause obstructive hydrocephalus?
CNS development
Important factors in CNS development?
Progenitor Cells
Describe progenitor cells first phase of development.
Describe progenitor cells second phase of development.
Describe progenitor cells third phase of development.
Radial Glia
Ventricular Zone
Subventricular Zone
When does the development of the CNS end?
Apoptosis
What are the major divisions of the brain?
What are the two subdivisions of the forebrain?
What are the two ventricles located in the forebrain?
Name the subdivision of the midbrain
What ventricle is located in the midbrain?
What are the subdivisions of the hindbrain?
What ventricle is located in the hindbrain?
What are the principal structures of the telencephalon?
What are the principal structures of the diencephalon?
What is located in the lateral ventricles?
What is located in the third ventricle?
What are the principal structures of the mesencephalon?
What is located in the cerebral aqueduct?
What are the principal structures of the metencephalon?
What are the principal structures of the myelencephalon?
What is located in the fourth ventricle?
Adult Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis
Parts of the cortex?
Sulci
Fissures
Gyri
Cerebral cortex
Homunculus
Corpus Callosum
Limbic System
What did Papez say about the limbic system?
Parts of the limbic system?
Hippocampus
Parts of the Hippocampus?
Dentate Gyrus
Subiculum
Amygdala
Parts of amygdala and there function?
Fornix
Mammillary Bodies
Basal Ganglia
Major parts of the basal ganglia?
Thalamus
Hypothalamic Nuclei
Types of hypothalamic nuclei?
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
Anterior Nuclei
Paraventricular Nuclei
Arcuate Nuclei
Dorsomedial Nuclei
Ventromedial Nuclei
Function of the Tectum?
Function of Tegmentum?
Function of Cerebellum?
Function of Pons?
Function of Medulla?
Spinal Cord
Brain Transcriptome: Yale
Brain Transcriptome: Allen Institute
Experimental Ablation
Ablation and Replacement
Experimental Ablation:
Lesions
Kainic Acid
Stereotaxic Surgery
Perfusion
Fixation
Staining
NISSL Stain
Immunohistochemistry
Tract Tracing
PHA-L
Efferent: Anterograde: Downstream
Afferent: Retrograde: Upstream
Fluorogold
Retrograde Tracer
Anterograde Labeling Method
Retrograde Labeling Method
In Situ Hybridization
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Computerized Tomography Scanner (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
What are CT's and MRI's both used for?
Functional MRI (fMRI)
Blot Tests
Southern Blot Test
Northern Blot Test
Western Blot Test
Electrophoresis
Gene Arrays / qPCR
Testicular Feminization Mutation or Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Twin Studies
Selective breeding for rats
Genetically altered mice
Gene Transfection
Transgene
Optogenetics
Clarity
Electrical Stimulation
Pharmacological Techniques
Autoradiography
Immunoassays (EIA/ELISA)
History of Behavioral Endocrinology
Eunuchs
Castrati
Berthold's Experiment
What did Berthold's Experiment Demonstrate?
Hormones
Effects of hormones
Neuronal Transmission
Hormonal Transmission
Types of mediation
Intracrine Mediation
Autocrine Mediation
Paracrine Mediation
Endocrine Mediation
Ectocrine Mediation
How can behavior affect hormones?
Sex Differences In Behavior: Play Behavior
Examples of studies to explore sex differences?
Levels of Sex Determination
Levels of Sex Determination: Chromosomal
Levels of Sex Determination: Gonadal
Levels of Sex Determination: Hormonal
Levels of Sex Determination: Morphological
Gender Identity
Gender Role
Sexual Orientation
Legal Sex
Sex Differences: Monogamous Species
