1 How is oxygen transported around the body?
O By the red cells combined with haemoglobin
O By the red cells combined with nitrogen and water vapours
O By the red cells combined with carbon dioxide
O By the red cells combined with nitrogen, hormones and plasma
2 List the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
O Ruddy complexion, headache, tightness across the forehead, impaired judgement
O Difficulty in the breathing, ruddy complexion, headache, stomach cramps, nausea, feeling lethargic
O Ruddy complexion, headache, stomach cramps, nausea, giddiness
O Ruddy complexion, headache, stomach cramps, nausea, feeling lethargic
3 The effects of smoking particularly in relation to aviation are:
O An early onset of hypoxia due to an apparent increase in altitude
O An early onset of hypoxia due to an apparent increase in altitude and a reduction in night vision
O An early onset of hypoxia due to an apparent increase in altitude up to maximum of 40000 ft
O An early onset of hypoxia due to an apparent increase in altitude with a resulting risk of anemia
4 Will smokers experience hypoxia higher or lower cabin altitude that non- smokers?
O At a lower cabin altitude
O At a higher cabin altitude
O At the same cabin altitude
O Smoking, although harmful in other ways, lessens the effects of hypoxia
5 A pilot must wait to fly for at least 24 hours after blood donation
O True
O False
6 The normal range of blood pressure is:
O Systolic 120 mm Hg and Diastolic 80 mm Hg
O Systolic 80 mm Hg and Diastolic 120 mm Hg
O Systolic 120 mm Hg and Diastolic 120 mm Hg
O Systolic 80 mm Hg and Diastolic 80 mm Hg
7 Hypotension is:
O Low blood pressure
O High pulse rate
O High blood pressure
O Low pulse rate
8 Treatment of carbon monoxide should include:
O Stop all smoking
O Turn up cabin heat
O Keep the patient's body temperature as low as possible
O Immediate descent to MSA
9 Low blood pressure can lead to:
O Reduced tolerance to G forces
O Low body temperature
O Infarct
O Angina
10 What are the constituents of atmosphere?
O Oxygen 21%, Nitrogen 77%, other gases 2%
O Oxygen 21%, Nitrogen 78%, other gases 1%
O Oxygen 22%, Nitrogen 77%, other gases 1%
O Oxygen 20%, Nitrogen 78%, other gases 2%
11 At what height is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs approximately half that at sea level?
O 18.000 ft
O 25.000 ft
O 30.000 ft
O 10.000 ft
12 What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 35.000 ft?
O 21%
O 25%
O 32%
O 30%
13 What is one of the initial indications of hypoxia?
O Impaired judgement
O Stomach cramps
O Pain in the joints
O Blue tings in the lips
14 Why does cold make you more susceptible to hypoxia?
O More oxygen is required when shivering therefore more oxygen used
O Heart beats faster which uses up more oxygen
O Lowers temperature of the body, which makes it less efficient
15 In flight someone complains of feeling light-headed, dizzy, tingling at the fingertips and is breathing rapidly. What may hey be suffering from?
O Hyperventilation
O Vertigo
O Cyanosis
O Hypoxic hypoxia or hyperventilation
16 The carbon dioxide level of the blood is higher than normal. Does the brain:
O Increase the rate of breathing and pulse rate
O Decrease the rate of breathing and pulse rate
O Decrease the rate of breathing and increase the pulse rate
O Increase the rate of breathing and decrease the pulse rate
17 If the symptoms of hyperventilation occur at an altitude where hypoxia is not a consideration what is the correct remedial action?
O Decrease rate and depth of breathing
O Descent to MSL
O Increase rate of breathing
O If possible, lay flat and help to calm sufferer
18 What increases the risk of DCS occurring in flight?
O Scuba diving shortly before the flight
O Snorkle diving shortly before the flight
O Alcohol
O Smoking
19 What are the restrictions to flying after scuba diving?
O Non flying within 24 hours if a depth of 30 ft has been exceeded, otherwise the limit is 12 hours
O Non flying within 48 hours if a depth of 30 ft has been exceeded, otherwise the limit is 24 hours
O Non flying within 12 hours if a depth of 30 ft has been reached, otherwise the limit is 24 hours
O Non flying within 48 hours if a depth of 40 ft has been exceeded, otherwise the limit is 12 hours
20 A pilot has executed snorkelling and has exceeded a depth the 30 ft. Are there any restrictions to him/her flying?
O No
O No flying for 12 hours plus 30 min for every 10 ft deeper than 30 feet
O No flying within12 hours
O No flying within 6 hours
21 The altitude that pressure will be half that of MSL in the standard atmosphere is:
O 18000 ft
O 8000 ft
O 34000 ft
O 33700 ft
22 Henry's law has application in Human Performance to:
O DCS
O Otic Barotrauma
O Carbon monoxide poisoning
O Partial pressure in the alve
23 Hypoxic Hypoxia effects night vision?
O Caused by decompression
O Brought on by altitude
24 Anaemic Hypoxia can be:
O Caused by smoking
O Brought on by fatigue
25 In commercial aircraft cabin pressure is normally maintained at:
O 6000-8000 ft
O Sea level
O 10000 ft
O Below 5000 ft
26 In the event of decompression the aircraft must:
O Descent to 10000 ft
O Land as soon as possible
O Descend to below 10000 ft
27 The "Chokes" are associated with:
O Blockage of the alveoli
O Oxygen loss
28 The outer, middle and inner ear are filled with:
O Air, air, liquid
O Air, liquid, liquid
O Liquid, air, air
O Liquid, liquid, air
29 What is the purpose of Eustachian tube:
O To allow ambient pressure to equalise on both sides of the ear drum
O To pass sound waves across the middle ear to the auditory nerve
O To allow ambient pressure to equalise on middle ear side of the ear drum
O To allow ambient pressure to equalise on both sides of the Vestibular apparatus
30 What is the most important sense for spatial orientation?
O Sight
O Hearing and balance
O Seat of the pants
O All senses play their part in situation awareness
31 If an aircraft accelerates, what do the otoliths indicate to the brain?
O That the aircraft is pitching up
O That the aircraft is turning
O That the aircraft is climbing and turning
O That the aircraft nose is pitching down
32 When can a pilot experience the "leans"?
O In all flight conditions
O In the climb
O In the descent
O In the climb or the descent
33 What should a pilot rely on if disoriented in IMC?
O Instruments
O Turning head to recover from disorientation
O Sense of balance
O Vision
34 The frequency band that a healthy young person can hear is:
O 20-20000 cycles per second
O 80-20000 cycles per second
O 500-15000 cycles per second
O 70-15000 cycles per second
35 Presbycusis is an impairment of hearing due to:
O Age
O Damage to the semi-circular canals
O Damage to the cohlea
36 The Vestibular apparatus detects:
O Angular and linear acceleration
O Angular acceleration
O Linear acceleration
O + G
37 Vertigo can be caused by a blocked Eustachian tube:
38 Which part of eye has the best visual acuity?
O The fovea
O The retina
O The lens
O The cornea
39 Who 4 factors effect night vision?
O Age, alcohol, altitude and smoking
O Age, instrument lights, altitude and smoking
O Instrument lights, alcohol, altitude and smoking
O Age, alcohol, altitude and instrument lights
40 Cones detect………. And are mostly concentrated on……..:
O Colour fovea
O Black and white fovea
O Black and white retina
O Colour entry point
41 What is the recommended course of action if encountering an electrical storm during flight:
O Put on sunglasses if available
O Turn he cockpit lights to full
O Turn the cockpit lights down
42 Where is the "blind spot"?
O At the entrance to the optic nerve
O On the cornea
O On the edge of the lens
O On the iris
43 Peripheral vision is looked after by the:
O Rods
O Cones
O Rods and cones
O Fovea
44 Does lack of oxygen affect sight?
O Yes
O Sometimes
O It depends on the health of the individual
45 The amount of light allowed to enter the eye is controlled by the:
O Iris
O Retina
O Cornea
46 Accommodation is controlled by the:
O Ciliary muscles
O Lens
47 Stereopsis is associated with:
O Depth perception
O Night flying
O Acuity
O Colour blindness
48 Astigmatism is normally associated with:
49 Glaucoma is caused by:
O An increase in the pressure of the eye
O A decrease in the pressure of the eye
O A defect of the cornea
O A defect of the retina
50 Cataracts are associated with:
O Tear ducts
51 Does colour blindness affect acuity?
52 A pilot is 2 metres tall and weighs 80 kgs, calculate his BMI index:
O 20
O 24
O 18
O 22
53 A pilot has BMI index of 26 and is 1,75 metres tall, what is his/her weight:
O 79,5 kgs
O 78,5 kgs
O 85 kgs
O 92 kgs
