Exchange Rates

Gold Standard

Fixed rate agreements

Floating rate system

Over the Counter (OTC) Market

Foreign Exchange (FX) Dealers

Spot Market

Interbank Market

FX Transactions

Bid/Ask

Bid/Ask Spread

Order costs

Inventory costs

Competition

Volume

Currency risk

Direct Quote

Indirect Quote

Appreciating vs. Depreciating

Cross Exchange Rate

Forward Contracts

Futures Contract

Options

Money Market Securities

Syndicated Loans

Basel I
Basel II
Basel III

Impact of 2008

Foreign Bonds

Eurobond

Interest Rate Risk

Exchange Rate Risk

Liquidity Risk

Credit Risk