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Question 1 of 88

1

The span of Jewish history from 515 BCE to 70 CE is referred to as

Select one of the following:

  • the time of the Maccabees.

  • the Persian Period.

  • the Second Temple period.

  • the Roman period.

Explanation

Question 2 of 88

1

Which Seleucid (Greek) ruler initiated a reign of terror designed to exterminate the Jewish religion?

Select one of the following:

  • Antiochus Epiphanes

  • Herod the Great

  • Alexander the Great

  • Cyrus

Explanation

Question 3 of 88

1

Which person brought Palestine under Greek control, inaugurating the Hellenistic period?

Select one of the following:

  • Antiochus Epiphanes

  • Cyrus

  • Pompey

  • Alexander the Great

Explanation

Question 4 of 88

1

Which group led a successful Jewish rebellion to gain freedom from foreign rule?

Select one of the following:

  • Romans

  • Maccabees

  • Pharisees

  • Zealots

Explanation

Question 5 of 88

1

Which ruling family ruled an independent Jewish state until civil wars made them ripe for conquest by the Romans?

Select one of the following:

  • Ptolemies

  • Herodians

  • Seleucids

  • Hasmoneans

Explanation

Question 6 of 88

1

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Pharisees?

Select one of the following:

  • associated with the synagogues

  • practiced celibacy

  • accepted as authoritative “the tradition of the elders”

  • believed laypeople should follow the same purity regulations in their daily lives as the priests serving in the temple

Explanation

Question 7 of 88

1

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Sadducees?

Select one of the following:

  • controlled the temple system

  • dominated the Sanhedrin

  • radically anti-Roman

  • comprised primarily of priests

Explanation

Question 8 of 88

1

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Essenes?

Select one of the following:

  • associated with the Jerusalem temple

  • lived in separate communities

  • advocated an ascetic lifestyle

  • practiced ritual baths

Explanation

Question 9 of 88

1

What Jewish group was radically anti-Roman and advocated armed rebellion against Roman forces?

Select one of the following:

  • Essenes

  • Zealots

  • Herodians

  • Samaritans

Explanation

Question 10 of 88

1

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Samaritans?

Select one of the following:

  • claimed to represent the true Israel

  • had their own temple on Mount Gerizim

  • had their own version of the Pentateuch/Torah

  • supported the family and dynasty of Herod

Explanation

Question 11 of 88

1

Which Gentiles embraced Jewish theology, worship, and morality but did not fully convert to Judaism by being circumcised and following the Jewish dietary laws?

Select one of the following:

  • Zealots

  • Samaritans

  • God-fearers

  • Herodians

Explanation

Question 12 of 88

1

Which person, who was appointed by the Romans, ruled over Palestine from 37 BCE to 4 BCE and was known for his building projects as well as his paranoia of those wanting to usurp his throne?

Select one of the following:

  • Pontius Pilate

  • Herod the Great

  • Herod Antipas

  • Pompey

Explanation

Question 13 of 88

1

Which tetrarch, and son of Herod the Great, was appointed by the Romans and ruled the region of Galilee the entire time of Jesus' life and ministry?

Select one of the following:

  • Herod Antipas

  • Herod Agrippa

  • Pontius Pilate

  • Pompey

Explanation

Question 14 of 88

1

Which Roman governor ruled Judea from 26 to 36 CE and was responsible for the crucifixion of Jesus?

Select one of the following:

  • Herod the Great

  • Herod Antipas

  • Pontius Pilate

  • Antiochus Epiphanes

Explanation

Question 15 of 88

1

What term refers to Jews living outside the traditional homeland of Palestine who were influenced by Hellenism?

Select one of the following:

  • Diaspora

  • Samaritans

  • Herodians

  • God-fearers

Explanation

Question 16 of 88

1

The Greek translation of the Jewish Bible is referred to as the

Select one of the following:

  • Mishnah.

  • Talmud.

  • tradition of the elders.

  • Septuagint.

Explanation

Question 17 of 88

1

What religious perspective combines a radical dualistic outlook (clear distinction between good and evil) with a deterministic view of history (the idea that everything is proceeding according to a divine plan)?

Select one of the following:

  • Gnosticism

  • apocalypticism

  • wisdom theology

  • animism

Explanation

Question 18 of 88

1

Which religious movement promoted secret knowledge that will allow the soul to be set free from the bodily prison in this material world?

Select one of the following:

  • Gnosticism

  • apocalypticism

  • animism

  • Cynicism

Explanation

Question 19 of 88

1

Which philosophical school emphasized free will, questioned fate, and encouraged the attainment of true pleasure through the avoidance of anxiety and moderation in all things?

Select one of the following:

  • Stoicism

  • Cynicism

  • Gnosticism

  • Epicureanism

Explanation

Question 20 of 88

1

Which philosophical school emphasized the attainment of virtue through acceptance of fate, based on the notion that all things are predetermined and that there is logic to all that transpires in the universe?

Select one of the following:

  • Stoicism

  • Cynicism

  • Gnosticism

  • Epicureanism

Explanation

Question 21 of 88

1

Which philosophical school emphasized radical authenticity, repudiation of shame, simplicity of lifestyle, and a desire to possess only what is obtained naturally and freely?

Select one of the following:

  • Gnosticism

  • Stoicism

  • Cynicism

  • Epicureanism

Explanation

Question 22 of 88

1

Which terms are used most often to describe the dynamics of the patron-client relationship: the patron's bestowal of benefits and the client's expected attitude of loyalty to the patron?

Select one of the following:

  • nature and law

  • grace and faith

  • virtue and piety

  • master and slave

Explanation

Question 23 of 88

1

What social value refers to the status that one has in the eyes of others whom one considers to be significant, including factors such as age, gender, nationality, and economic class?

Select one of the following:

  • wealth

  • patron

  • honor

  • piety

Explanation

Question 24 of 88

1

What term refers to a list of books that are officially accepted as scripture?

Select one of the following:

  • testament

  • canon

  • exegesis

  • apostolic

Explanation

Question 25 of 88

1

What two developments in early Christianity made the canon an issue for Christians?

Select one of the following:

  • (1) some Christians were excluding certain writings and (2) some Christians were producing new writings and attributing them to apostles

  • (1) the growing number of Gentile Christians and (2) the dwindling number of Jewish Christians

  • (1) the increasing number of educated Christians and (2) the decreasing number of illiterate Christian slaves

  • (1) Roman elites were burning Christian books and (2) some Christians were accepting the Torah as authoritative

Explanation

Question 26 of 88

1

Regarding the New Testament canon, most scholars would accept which two conclusions?

Select one of the following:

  • (1) the New Testament writings present a variety of viewpoints and (2) all New Testament writings are from the second century

  • (1) all New Testament writings are compatible with “apostolic Christianity” and (2) the New Testament writings present a variety of viewpoints

  • (1) all New Testament writings are compatible with “apostolic Christianity” and (2) all New Testament writings are from the second century

  • (1) all New Testament writings are from the second century and (2) the New Testament writings are from Jewish Christianity

Explanation

Question 27 of 88

1

Text criticism is a scholarly discipline that

Select one of the following:

  • analyzes New Testament texts in terms of plot, characterization, and irony.

  • explores the strategies of argumentation and authority in the New Testament texts.

  • explores the possible materials used in the composition of New Testament texts.

  • analyzes and compares New Testament manuscripts in order to reconstruct what the original manuscripts probably said.

Explanation

Question 28 of 88

1

Which of the following would not be a subject of study in sociological criticism?

Select one of the following:

  • military occupation of Roman Palestine

  • the phenomenon of the Pax Romana

  • variant readings of New Testament manuscripts

  • Diaspora migrations of Jewish people

Explanation

Question 29 of 88

1

Which of the following would not be a subject of study in narrative criticism?

Select one of the following:

  • development of plot

  • characterization

  • literary sources

  • use of symbolism

Explanation

Question 30 of 88

1

Which of the following terms is not associated with form criticism?

Select one of the following:

  • polyvalence

  • literary type

  • Sitz im Leben (“setting in life”)

  • oral sources/traditions

Explanation

Question 31 of 88

1

Redaction criticism tries to determine the particular intentions of New Testament authors by analyzing how they

Select one of the following:

  • selected and identified their sources.

  • imitated and disguised their sources.

  • deconstructed and “played” with their sources.

  • organized and edited their sources.

Explanation

Question 32 of 88

1

Which of the following is not associated with rhetorical criticism?

Select one of the following:

  • types of arguments

  • reader’s social location

  • citation of external documentation

  • reader’s emotions and sense of logic

Explanation

Question 33 of 88

1

What scholarly discipline is interested in the capacity of the New Testament texts to mean different things to different people ("polyvalence") and how New Testament texts have been read throughout history?

Select one of the following:

  • reader-response criticism

  • deconstruction

  • ideological criticism

  • rhetorical criticism

Explanation

Question 34 of 88

1

Which of the following is not an approach included in ideological criticism?

Select one of the following:

  • feminist criticism

  • postcolonial criticism

  • sociological criticism

  • womanist criticism

Explanation

Question 35 of 88

1

What term is associated with postmodern philosophy and seeks to demonstrate the subjective nature of all interpretation and so holds all interpretations equally valid?

Select one of the following:

  • polyvalence

  • deconstruction

  • exegesis

  • hermeneutics

Explanation

Question 36 of 88

1

What term refers to the scholarly study of the Bible with an emphasis on the explication of texts using various academic approaches?

Select one of the following:

  • exegesis

  • hermeneutics

  • polyvalence

  • deconstruction

Explanation

Question 37 of 88

1

What term refers to the philosophical reflection on the process of interpretation?

Select one of the following:

  • exegesis

  • polyvalence

  • deconstruction

  • hermeneutics

Explanation

Question 38 of 88

1

What designation is used by scholars to denote the earthly, historical figure of Jesus?

Select one of the following:

  • the post-Easter Jesus

  • the Son of Man

  • the pre-Easter Jesus

  • the Son of God

Explanation

Question 39 of 88

1

What term describes the facet of Jesus' ministry in which he preaches on the road, taking his message to different groups as he and his disciples move from place to place?

Select one of the following:

  • itinerant

  • rural

  • Jewish

  • local

Explanation

Question 40 of 88

1

The most prominent topic addressed by Jesus in his preaching and teaching is

Select one of the following:

  • resurrection.

  • the law.

  • the kingdom of God.

  • the Pharisees.

Explanation

Question 41 of 88

1

Which of the following is not an implication of Jesus' preaching of the kingdom of God, that is, God's presence and power?

Select one of the following:

  • uncompromising allegiance to and trust in God

  • an insistence on strict purity, separating oneself from sinners

  • promise of forgiveness that leads to reconciliation and inclusion of sinners

  • a radical love ethic for God and neighbor that provides a synopsis of God’s own love, even love for enemies

Explanation

Question 42 of 88

1

Which of the following is not a regular part of Jesus' ministry?

Select one of the following:

  • telling parables

  • offering sacrifices

  • prophetic acts

  • exorcisms

Explanation

Question 43 of 88

1

Jesus' ministry brought him into conflict with the religious leaders of Israel in matters of

Select one of the following:

  • Sabbath regulations.

  • fasting.

  • ritual hand-washing.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 44 of 88

1

The Gospels present the death of Jesus as a result of

Select one of the following:

  • the unrepentant Jewish people manipulating a weak-willed Pontius Pilate.

  • the politically astute Pontius Pilate manipulating high-ranking Jewish leaders.

  • the collaboration of high-ranking Jewish leaders and an unjust Pontius Pilate.

  • the politically astute Pontius Pilate undermining the Jewish people.

Explanation

Question 45 of 88

1

Which of the following is not an aspect or quality of "historical Jesus" studies?

Select one of the following:

  • The exalted figure of Jesus in the New Testament helps “historical Jesus” scholars fill out their historical reconstructions.

  • The “historical Jesus” is not equated with the actual person of Jesus who lived in Galilee.

  • Miracles cannot be verified on the basis of what counts as historical evidence.

  • The Gospels are “religious propaganda” and so cannot be accepted as reporting objective, historical fact.

Explanation

Question 46 of 88

1

The literary genre that best describes the Gospels is

Select one of the following:

  • epic.

  • history.

  • ancient biography.

  • none; the Gospels represent a unique genre.

Explanation

Question 47 of 88

1

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Gospels?

Select one of the following:

  • The authors of the Gospels knew the stories of the Old Testament and were influenced by them.

  • The Gospels are compilations of smaller literary forms, including genealogies, miracle stories, parables, and pronouncement stories.

  • The Gospels employ a fictive style of narrative.

  • The authors of the Gospels were detached from their subject matter and attempted to offer objective and balanced perspectives of Jesus.

Explanation

Question 48 of 88

1

In the Gospels, possession by an evil spirit (demon) causes people to

Select one of the following:

  • become sinful or immoral.

  • experience some sort of physical distress or disability.

  • become incapable of salvation.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 49 of 88

1

Which of the following is characteristic of parables?

Select one of the following:

  • compare spiritual things with mundane realities

  • sometimes function as riddles introducing an element of complication

  • usually intended to make one basic point

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 50 of 88

1

Which of the following is not true of miracles in the Gospels?

Select one of the following:

  • Miracles in John’s Gospel are called “signs.”

  • Miracles in the Synoptic Gospels are referred to as “power.”

  • The most common response to miracles in the New Testament is disbelief.

  • Miracles are sometimes intended to have a symbolic meaning.

Explanation

Question 51 of 88

1

Passion narratives are accounts of Jesus'

Select one of the following:

  • compassion for the crowds.

  • love for and teaching to his disciples.

  • arrest, trial, and crucifixion.

  • birth.

Explanation

Question 52 of 88

1

The Synoptic Gospels are

Select one of the following:

  • Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

  • Matthew, Mark, and John.

  • Mark, Luke, and John.

  • Matthew, Luke, and John.

Explanation

Question 53 of 88

1

Which of the following is not true of "Q"?

Select one of the following:

  • a source in the Two-Source Hypothesis

  • a source discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls

  • a source that contains sayings of Jesus

  • a hypothetical source

Explanation

Question 54 of 88

1

Which Gospel do most scholars think was the first to be written?

Select one of the following:

  • Matthew

  • Mark

  • Luke

  • John

Explanation

Question 55 of 88

1

In the second century, a prominent Christian named Tatian produced the Diatessaron, which was a

Select one of the following:

  • critique of the four Gospels, demonstrating their differences and inconsistencies.

  • lectionary of the four Gospels, providing Gospel readings for worship services.

  • commentary on the four Gospels, giving proper apostolic interpretations of Jesus’ life over against Gnostic interpretations.

  • synthesis of the four Gospels, creating one extended narrative of Jesus’ life.

Explanation

Question 56 of 88

1

From reading the Gospel of Matthew, what can be surmised about its author?

Select one of the following:

  • He is one of the original twelve disciples, writing in the decade after the time of Jesus.

  • He is a Roman historian, living in Carthage and considering becoming a Christian.

  • He is a Jewish Christian, perhaps even a converted rabbi or synagogue leader, writing a generation or more after the time of Jesus.

  • He is a Gentile Christian who was converted by Peter, writing from Rome after the death of Peter.

Explanation

Question 57 of 88

1

As an example of Matthew's affinity for structure and fondness of numbers, he cites twelve _______________ , perhaps playing on the number of tribes of Israel.

Select one of the following:

  • healings of blind people

  • parables of the kingdom of God

  • fulfillments of Old Testament prophecy

  • beatitudes

Explanation

Question 58 of 88

1

Geographically, Matthew's Gospel is often thought to have originated in the city of

Select one of the following:

  • Rome.

  • Jerusalem.

  • Ephesus.

  • Antioch.

Explanation

Question 59 of 88

1

Among the four Gospels, Matthew shows the greatest interest in the role of

Select one of the following:

  • Peter.

  • women.

  • Samaritans.

  • Gentiles.

Explanation

Question 60 of 88

1

Among the four Gospels, only Matthew presents Jesus as speaking about

Select one of the following:

  • the kingdom of God.

  • the church.

  • the Holy Spirit.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 61 of 88

1

Which of the following is not a distinctive of Matthew's Gospel when compared to the Gospel of Mark?

Select one of the following:

  • Matthew is interested in simplifying and organizing material, and often removes the more lively or colorful details found in Mark’s stories.

  • Matthew introduces changes to Mark’s Gospel in order to make his Gospel more appealing to his Jewish (or Jewish-Christian) readers.

  • Matthew alters Mark’s portrait of Jesus so that in his Gospel Jesus exhibits less human frailty.

  • Matthew intensifies Mark’s negative portrayal of the disciples by doubling those scenes that show the disciples misunderstanding Jesus’ teachings.

Explanation

Question 62 of 88

1

According to Matthew, in what way is God's abiding presence a reality on earth?

Select one of the following:

  • God is present in Jesus.

  • Jesus is present in the church.

  • The church is present in the world.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 63 of 88

1

Matthew emphasizes the role of Jesus as teacher by presenting the teachings of Jesus in _________ large blocks of material.

Select one of the following:

  • three

  • five

  • seven

  • ten

Explanation

Question 64 of 88

1

For Matthew, the key to interpreting the Jewish scripture (Old Testament) lies in the recognition that

Select one of the following:

  • it was written by Moses.

  • it was passed down by the community of faith.

  • it is fulfilled in the life and teachings of Jesus.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 65 of 88

1

The phrase "binding and loosing" in Matthew's Gospel most likely refers to Jesus' (and so the church's) authority to

Select one of the following:

  • interpret and apply the law.

  • forgive and retain sins.

  • command and expel demons.

  • determine who is qualified for leadership.

Explanation

Question 66 of 88

1

Which of the following are unique to Matthew's Gospel?

Select one of the following:

  • visit of the magi (wise men)

  • Peter trying to walk on water

  • Pilate washing his hands of responsibility for Jesus’ death

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 67 of 88

1

In Matthew's Gospel, Jesus regards the Jewish leaders as

Select one of the following:

  • well-intentioned but misguided.

  • evil persons closely identified with Satan.

  • pawns of the Roman government.

  • potential converts.

Explanation

Question 68 of 88

1

Which of the following is found in Mark's Gospel?

Select one of the following:

  • the birth of Jesus

  • the parable of the Good Samaritan

  • the empty tomb

  • resurrection appearances of Jesus

Explanation

Question 69 of 88

1

Which of the following is not a conclusion by scholars regarding the background of Mark's Gospel?

Select one of the following:

  • written in Palestine

  • written for Roman Christians

  • written around 70 CE

  • written anonymously

Explanation

Question 70 of 88

1

Which word occurs 42 times in Mark's Gospel—eleven times in the first chapter—and is characteristic of its narrative style?

Select one of the following:

  • certainly

  • carefully

  • joyfully

  • immediately

Explanation

Question 71 of 88

1

Mark's technique of sandwiching one story into the middle of another is called

Select one of the following:

  • parataxis.

  • hypotaxis.

  • homeoteleuton.

  • intercalation.

Explanation

Question 72 of 88

1

Mark ends his Gospel with

Select one of the following:

  • Jesus dying on the cross.

  • the women being afraid and telling no one the angel’s message.

  • the resurrected Jesus meeting the disciples in Galilee.

  • the resurrected Jesus commissioning his disciples to proclaim the Gospel to all nations.

Explanation

Question 73 of 88

1

According to Mark, Jesus speaks in parables so that

Select one of the following:

  • he can get people’s attention.

  • people will remember what he says.

  • only insiders will understand him.

  • people will be able to apply his teaching to their own lives.

Explanation

Question 74 of 88

1

Many scholars argue that the secrecy motif in Mark's Gospel functions to highlight this event in rightly understanding the identity and mission of Jesus.

Select one of the following:

  • the transfiguration

  • his baptism

  • Peter’s confession

  • the cross

Explanation

Question 75 of 88

1

Mark's Gospel is often said to be dominated by

Select one of the following:

  • the passion narrative.

  • liturgical material.

  • Jesus’ parables.

  • Jesus’ sermons.

Explanation

Question 76 of 88

1

Which of the following is not part of Mark's portrayal of the disciples?

Select one of the following:

  • The disciples do not understand Jesus’ parables.

  • The disciples do not grasp the significance of a suffering messiah.

  • The disciples faithfully proclaim the gospel.

  • The disciples betray, deny, and forsake Jesus.

Explanation

Question 77 of 88

1

Tradition has identified Luke, the author of the third Gospel, as a physician, but what other occupation has been associated with this Gospel writer?

Select one of the following:

  • carpenter (building contractor)

  • painter (artist)

  • fisherman

  • tentmaker

Explanation

Question 78 of 88

1

Luke's Gospel is addressed to a certain Theophilus, who is most likely

Select one of the following:

  • a Roman official intrigued by the Christian religion.

  • a code name for all Christians.

  • a wealthy patron responsible for commissioning Luke’s literary project.

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 79 of 88

1

The author of the Gospel of Luke also wrote what other New Testament book?

Select one of the following:

  • Acts

  • Romans

  • Hebrews

  • Revelation

Explanation

Question 80 of 88

1

Which of the following can be surmised about the author of the Gospel of Luke?

Select one of the following:

  • He was a Jewish rabbi, adopting the storytelling style of rabbinic literature.

  • He was a converted pagan priest who incorporated cultic images in telling the story of Jesus.

  • He was only functionally literate, slavishly following and using his sources.

  • He was well educated, knowledgeable in both classical literature and the Jewish scriptures.

Explanation

Question 81 of 88

1

Which three words would Luke probably omit from Mark 10:14 ("When Jesus saw this, he was indignant and said to them, 'Let the little children come to me; do not stop them; for it is to such as these that the kingdom of God belongs'")?

Select one of the following:

  • “he was indignant”

  • “come to me”

  • “do not stop”

  • “kingdom of God”

Explanation

Question 82 of 88

1

Luke's birth narrative is unique in its use of

Select one of the following:

  • parables.

  • Old Testament citations.

  • hymns.

  • angels.

Explanation

Question 83 of 88

1

What does Jesus do more often in Luke than in any other Gospel?

Select one of the following:

  • sleep

  • pray

  • baptize

  • become angry

Explanation

Question 84 of 88

1

What motif is prominent in Luke's Gospel and probably functions to establish connections between the stories in the Gospel and the Christian gatherings in Luke's own time?

Select one of the following:

  • baptism

  • secrecy

  • food/meals

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 85 of 88

1

Luke portrays Jesus as one who

Select one of the following:

  • fulfills expectations of Jewish scripture.

  • is similar to Hellenistic philosophers or benefactors.

  • has features in common with mythological heroes.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 86 of 88

1

For Luke, the salvation that Jesus makes available is

Select one of the following:

  • connected with Jesus’ death on the cross.

  • a reality to be experienced here and now.

  • only completed at Jesus’ parousia.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 87 of 88

1

Luke's Gospel shows special concern for

Select one of the following:

  • women.

  • the poor.

  • tax collectors.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 88 of 88

1

Which of the following is not a theme developed further in Acts?

Select one of the following:

  • centrality of the city of Jerusalem

  • work of the Holy Spirit

  • imminent expectation of the parousia

  • exemplary portrayal of the disciples

Explanation

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