Alexandra Bozan
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Study Guide: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

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Alexandra Bozan
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Study Guide: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Question 1 of 33

1

The most abundant extracellular cation is

Select one of the following:

  • Na+

  • Cl

  • K+

  • Mg++

Explanation

Question 2 of 33

1

Electrolyte reactivity is measured is

Select one of the following:

  • mg/100 L

  • milliequivalents

  • mEq/L

  • both milliequivalents and mEq/L

Explanation

Question 3 of 33

1

Which of the following mechanisms varies fluid output so that it equals input?

Select one of the following:

  • antidiuretic device

  • aldosterone mechanism

  • renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

  • both aldosterone mechanism and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Explanation

Question 4 of 33

1

Which of the following statement is true?

Select one of the following:

  • Total body water as a percentage of total body weight does not differ due to age

  • Total body water as a percentage of total body weight is approximately 30% in a healthy non-obese female

  • Males that are healthy and non-obese will have 60% of their body weight as water

  • Adipose tissue contains less water than bone tissue

Explanation

Question 5 of 33

1

Obese people have a higher water content per kilogram of body weight than slender people

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 33

1

Fluid intake usually equals fluid output

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 33

1

Electrolytes are substances that bind in water

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 33

1

Thirst is associated with any condition that decreases total volume of body water

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 33

1

Hypervolemia refers to excess blood volume

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 33

1

The two factors that determine urine volume are

Select one of the following:

  • the amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone secretion

  • the amount of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and ADH secretion

  • fluid intake and ADH secretion

  • the glomerular filtration rate and the rate of water reabsorption by the renal tubules

Explanation

Question 11 of 33

1

Which of the following is an example of obligatory fluid output?

Select one of the following:

  • water vapor in expired air

  • water diffusion through the skin

  • both water vapor in expired air and water diffusion through the skin

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 12 of 33

1

Blood hydrostatic pressure

Select one of the following:

  • tends to force fluid out of capillaries and into interstitial fluid

  • tends to force fluid out of interstitial fluid and into capillaries

  • allows for an equilibrium across the capillary membrane

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 33

1

If a person takes nothing by mouth for several days, fluid output decreases to zero to compensate and maintain homeostasis

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 33

1

Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding severe dehydration?

Select one of the following:

  • Loss of skin turgor is a symptom of severe dehydration

  • the relative loss of water in sweat is greater than the loss of electrolytes

  • Sweating serves the body by increasing body heat

  • Treatment of dehydration requires appropriate electrolyte replacement therapy

Explanation

Question 15 of 33

1

The formula representing Starling's law of the capillaries is

Select one of the following:

  • (BHP + BCOP) - (IFCOP + IFHP) = EFP

  • (BHP + IFHP) - (IFCOP + BCOP) = EFP

  • (BHP + IFCOP) - (IFHP + BCOP) = EFP

Explanation

Question 16 of 33

1

Which large molecules are retained by the selectively permeable cell membrane?

Select one of the following:

  • sodium ions

  • potassium ions

  • proteins

  • water

Explanation

Question 17 of 33

1

Edema can be defined as the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular spaces of the body

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 33

1

The most significant player regulating ICF composition is the plasma membrane

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 33

1

Osmotic pressure is influenced by large protein molecules in the intracellular fluid

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 33

1

The release ADH causes an increase in the reabsorption of sodium and water by the renal tubules.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 33

1

Over 8 liters of various internal secretions are produced daily.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 33

1

Potassium deficit is termed hypokalemia

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 33

1

ECF depletion is said to be the last line of defense against dehydration.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 33

1

By volume, intestinal secretions are the largest sodium-containing internal secretions.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 33

1

Skin turgor is an important indicator of fluid volume stability.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The largest volume of water by far lies ( inside, outside ) cells.

Explanation

Question 27 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Infants have ( more, less ) water in comparison to body weight than adults of either sex.

Explanation

Question 28 of 33

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

In general as age increases, the amount of water per pound of body weight ( decreases, increases ).

Explanation

Question 29 of 33

1

Signals generated by osmoreceptors in the subfornical organ and hypothalamus stimulate the secretion of

Select one of the following:

  • aldosterone

  • insulin

  • ADH

  • ANH

Explanation

Question 30 of 33

1

Which of the following is true when ECF volume decreases?

Select one of the following:

  • Aldosterone secretion increases

  • Kidney tubule reabsorption of sodium increases

  • Urine volume decreases

  • All of the above are true

Explanation

Question 31 of 33

1

Interstitial fluid contains hardly any protein anions

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 33

1

No net transfer of water occurs between blood and interstitial fluid as long as effective filtration pressure (EFP) equals 0

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 33

1

Any change in the solute concentration of ECF will have a direct effect on water movement across the cell

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

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