Kimberly Lopez
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Conceptual physical Science

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Kimberly Lopez
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Exam 1

Question 1 of 90

1

An example of basic research

Select one of the following:

  • the study of the relationship between the amount of automobile emissions gases in the atmosphere and the decomposition of atmospheric ozone.

  • the design of new batteries for electric cars.

  • the study of the composition of the atom.

  • the development of new plastics that can be recycled.

  • the study of natural compounds in sea animals to look for new molecules that can be used for medicine.

Explanation

Question 2 of 90

1

Which element has the atomic number 12?

Select one of the following:

  • Mg

  • Be

  • B

  • Na

  • C

Explanation

Question 3 of 90

1

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: a gold coin, dollar bill, car engine, air pollution, virus, spread of sexually transmitted disease?

Select one of the following:

  • You could adequately describe all of the topics by either model. The choice depends only on the characteristics requiring description.

  • physical model-gold coin, dollar bill, car engine; conceptual model-virus, air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease

  • conceptual model-gold coin, car engine, virus; physical model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease, dollar bill

  • physical model-gold coin, car engine, virus; conceptual model-air pollution, spread of sexually transmitted disease; dollar bill, which could represent wealth, may well be described by either model.

Explanation

Question 4 of 90

1

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best?

It is a nucleon.

Select one of the following:

  • an electron

  • a proton

  • a neutron

  • A and B

  • B and C (a proton, a neutron)

Explanation

Question 5 of 90

1

Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)?

Select one of the following:

  • Ca

  • Cl

  • Sr

  • Mn

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 6 of 90

1

What are metalloids?

Select one of the following:

  • elements that have some properties like metals and some like nonmetals

  • elements that are smaller than metals

  • elements that have properties different than either the metals or the nonmetals

  • elements found in asteroids

  • elements that are larger than nonmetals

Explanation

Question 7 of 90

1

Which of these is not a metal?

Select one of the following:

  • lithium (atomic no. = 3)

  • vanadium (atomic no. = 23)

  • gallium (atomic no. = 31)

  • selenium (atomic no. = 34)

  • potassium (atomic no. = 19)

Explanation

Question 8 of 90

1

If all the molecules of a body remained part of that body, would the body have any odor?

Select one of the following:

  • No, because it would no longer be what it was

  • No, because there would be no molecules traveling to our nose.

  • Yes, but only if that body is sweating.

  • Yes, because it would still release photons.

Explanation

Question 9 of 90

1

Which of the following elements is a transition metal?

Select one of the following:

  • lead (Pb)

  • xenon (Xe)

  • silver (Ag)

  • lithium (Li)

  • chlorine (Cl)

Explanation

Question 10 of 90

1

Which of the following statements about electrons is true?

Select one of the following:

  • Electrons have a negative charge.

  • Electrons are particles.

  • Electrons in atoms can be excited by light energy.

  • Electrons behave like waves.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 11 of 90

1

How many different elements are in the compound C6H12O6?

Select one of the following:

  • 3

  • 24

  • 6

  • All of the elements are the same.

Explanation

Question 12 of 90

1

Classify the following changes as physical or chemical. Wood burns to ashes; water begins to boil; grass grows; a rock is crushed to powder.

Select one of the following:

  • physical; physical; chemical; physical

  • chemical; physical; chemical; chemical

  • chemical; physical; physical; physical

  • chemical; physical; chemical; physical

Explanation

Question 13 of 90

1

How many electrons are there in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)?

Select one of the following:

  • none

  • one

  • two

  • three

Explanation

Question 14 of 90

1

Which of the following would be considered a chemical property?

Select one of the following:

  • melting temperature

  • reactivity towards water

  • boiling temperature

  • conductivity

  • flexibility

Explanation

Question 15 of 90

1

Which of the following is not a nonmetal?

Select one of the following:

  • sulfur (atomic no. = 16)

  • xenon (atomic no. = 54)

  • titanium (atomic no. = 22)

  • selenium (atomic no. = 34)

  • helium (atomic no. = 2)

Explanation

Question 16 of 90

1

A beam of protons and a beam of neutrons of the same energy are both harmful to living tissue. The beam of neutrons, however, is less harmful. Why?

Select one of the following:

  • Neutrons carry no electric charge and thus have a greater likelihood of passing through the tissue.

  • Neutrons are much smaller and lighter than protons and would do less damage.

  • Neutrons travel at reduced speed compared to the speed at which protons travel.

  • All of the above are reasons why neutrons are less harmful.

Explanation

Question 17 of 90

1

Which of the following statements is true about Bohr's planetary model of the atom?

Select one of the following:

  • The electrons smoothly move from one orbit to the next.

  • It is a physical model.

  • The electrons orbit around the nucleus.

  • The energy difference between the orbits is continuous.

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 18 of 90

1

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best?

It is located outside of the nucleus.

Select one of the following:

  • an electron

  • a proton

  • a neutron

  • A and B

  • B and C

Explanation

Question 19 of 90

1

Which of the following would be considered basic research?

Select one of the following:

  • testing a safe, nontoxic mouse glue

  • testing the strength of a mouse cage

  • examining how quickly a trapdoor closes

  • examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese

  • studying ways of catching mice safely

Explanation

Question 20 of 90

1

Which of the following is a property of light?

Select one of the following:

  • It is a particle.

  • Its energy comes in packets of uniform size.

  • It is a wave.

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 21 of 90

1

What do the electron configurations for all the group 18 noble gases have in common?

Select one of the following:

  • They have the same number of electrons.

  • Their outermost occupied shells are filled to capacity.

  • They occupy the same number of shells.

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 22 of 90

1

What is the name of the following compound?
CaCl2

Select one of the following:

  • calcium chloride

  • dicalcium chloride

  • carbon chloride

  • dichlorocalcium

  • calc two

Explanation

Question 23 of 90

1

What do the components of a conceptual model have in common?

Select one of the following:

  • Each component must correlate with a corresponding component of a physical model.

  • All components interact with each other.

  • The components have nothing in common. This is what differentiates a conceptual model from a physical model.

  • All components are mutually independent of each other.

Explanation

Question 24 of 90

1

Which of the following could NOT be represented by a conceptual model?

Select one of the following:

  • the energy of a nucleus

  • the floor plan of a house

  • the behavior of schoolchildren

  • the weather

  • both A and B

Explanation

Question 25 of 90

1

Which of the following elements is a gas at room temperature

Select one of the following:

  • lead (Pb)

  • lithium (Li)

  • argon (Ar)

  • indium (In)

  • cesium (Cs)

Explanation

Question 26 of 90

1

A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with its nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Explain what is going on from a molecular point of view.

Select one of the following:

  • The dog is smelling molecules from the cat.

  • The cat is leading the dog into a trap.

  • The dog is smelling atoms from the cat

  • The dog is following the areas of increased density of the Earth.

Explanation

Question 27 of 90

1

Which of the following describes a nonmetal?

Select one of the following:

  • ductile

  • malleable

  • good conductor of heat

  • poor conductor of electricity

  • shiny

Explanation

Question 28 of 90

1

What is the name of the following compound?
SF3

Select one of the following:

  • fluorine sulphide

  • trifluorosulphide

  • sulfur trifluoride

  • sulfur fluoride

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 29 of 90

1

Should the periodic table be memorized? Why or why not?

Select one of the following:

  • No. The periodic table changes every year. Memorizing it would be a waste of time.

  • Yes. Without memorizing the periodic table, one would not have any real understanding of how and why chemical compounds are put together.

  • Yes. Like the alphabet, we need to memorize the periodic table in order to easily write the language of chemistry.

  • No. The periodic table is a reference to be used, not memorized.

Explanation

Question 30 of 90

1

Which of the following can be classified as matter?

Select one of the following:

  • perfume

  • sand

  • water

  • ice cream

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 31 of 90

1

How would you describe the volume of the following object?

the amount of water in a swimming pool

Select one of the following:

  • macroscopic

  • microscopic

  • submicroscopic

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 32 of 90

1

Which of the following diagrams best represents the size of the atomic nucleus relative to the size of the atom?

Select one of the following:

  • A

  • B

  • C

  • D

Explanation

Question 33 of 90

1

The following image describes what type of change?

Select one of the following:

  • a physical change

  • no change

  • an elemental change

  • a chemical change

  • a change in state

Explanation

Question 34 of 90

1

Which of the following best explains what is happening when an atom emits light?

Select one of the following:

  • Heat energy is speeding up the orbit of the electrons and the resulting Doppler shift causes light to be emitted from the electrons.

  • An electron is jumping from a low energy state to a high energy state with the difference in energy being converted to light.

  • Heat energy is converting a neutron into a proton and an electron, which is ejected into the orbit of the nucleus, releasing light energy.

  • An electron is dropping from a higher to a lower energy level with the difference in energy between the two being emitted as light.

  • A proton is undergoing a nuclear change in the nucleus and is emitting a high energy light wave in the process.

Explanation

Question 35 of 90

1

Which chemical family is composed almost entirely of man-made elements?

Select one of the following:

  • the lanthanides

  • the actinides

  • the halogens

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 36 of 90

1

The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have?

Select one of the following:

  • 24

  • 54

  • 26

  • none

Explanation

Question 37 of 90

1

Which of the following would not be considered a chemical property?

Select one of the following:

  • whether a material will dissolve in acid or not

  • the tendency of a material to explode

  • the temperature at which a liquid will boil

  • whether a metal will rust or not

  • light sensitivity

Explanation

Question 38 of 90

1

Elements that are in the same ________ have a tendency to have very similar chemical properties due to periodic trends.

Select one of the following:

  • compound

  • group

  • textbook

  • row

  • period

Explanation

Question 39 of 90

1

Which of these properties describes a metal?

Select one of the following:

  • fragile

  • brittle

  • doesn't conduct electricity very well

  • conducts heat very well

  • transparent

Explanation

Question 40 of 90

1

Which of the following statements describes an isotope?

Select one of the following:

  • element with the same number of protons but a different number of electrons

  • element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons

  • element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

  • element with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 41 of 90

1

Which of the following is not a chemical change?

Select one of the following:

  • a loaf of bread growing mold

  • grass growing

  • a rock being crushed to powder

  • grape juice turning into wine

  • wood burning to ash

Explanation

Question 42 of 90

1

Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)?

Select one of the following:

  • B

  • P

  • C

  • As

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 43 of 90

1

The mass number of an element is ________.

Select one of the following:

  • the sum of the isotopes

  • the sum of the electrons and the neutrons

  • the number of protons

  • the sum of the protons and the neutrons

  • the sum of the electrons and the protons

Explanation

Question 44 of 90

1

Which atom is smallest?

Select one of the following:

  • Be

  • Sr

  • Ca

  • Mg

  • All are the same size.

Explanation

Question 45 of 90

1

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

Select one of the following:

  • a piece of metal expanding when heated, but returning to original size when cooled

  • aftershave or perfume on your skin generating a smell

  • water freezing into ice crystals

  • gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust

  • breaking a glass window

Explanation

Question 46 of 90

1

How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are in H3OClO4

Select one of the following:

  • 2

  • 3

  • 1

  • 7

  • 5

Explanation

Question 47 of 90

1

The following image describes which type of change?

Select one of the following:

  • an elemental change

  • a chemical change

  • no change

  • a physical change

  • a change in reactivity

Explanation

Question 48 of 90

1

Water and ethanol can be separated by heating the ethanol until it boils away from the water. What type of change is this?

Select one of the following:

  • a physical change

  • a molecular change

  • a chemical change

  • a decomposition

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 49 of 90

1

Oxygen atoms are used to make water molecules. Does this mean that oxygen, O2, and water, H2O, have similar properties?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes, but that their properties are similar is only a coincidence.

  • Yes, and this explains how fish are able to breathe water.

  • No, compounds are uniquely different from the elements from which they're made.

  • No, but their similar properties are only a coincidence.

Explanation

Question 50 of 90

1

Which of the following would not be considered a physical property?

Select one of the following:

  • temperature at which a material melts

  • color

  • temperature at which a material catches on fire

  • conductivity

  • hardness

Explanation

Question 51 of 90

1

Which of the following would be considered applied research?

Select one of the following:

  • examining how susceptible a metal is to bending

  • determining how readily a metal corrodes in a wet environment

  • determining the lightest and strongest metal to be used for an airplane wing

  • determining the melting temperature of a metal

  • testing the strength of a piece of metal

Explanation

Question 52 of 90

1

Which of the following statements best describes an element?

Select one of the following:

  • a material that has consistent physical properties

  • a material with more than one type of atom

  • a material consisting of only one type of atom

  • a material that has consistent chemical properties

  • material that is pure

Explanation

Question 53 of 90

1

What is the name of the following compound?
NaF

Select one of the following:

  • natural fosfate

  • nitrogen afleck

  • sodium fluoride

  • sodium phosphide

  • natrium fluoride

Explanation

Question 54 of 90

1

Which of these does not describe a metal at room temperature?

Select one of the following:

  • bendable

  • gas

  • solid

  • liquid

  • shiny

Explanation

Question 55 of 90

1

Which of the following physical properties would you expect for krypton (Kr)?

Select one of the following:

  • shiny

  • brittle

  • conducts electricity

  • a gas at room temperature

  • hard

Explanation

Question 56 of 90

1

Which of the following statements does not describe a proton?

Select one of the following:

  • It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.

  • It is a nucleon.

  • It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.

  • It is attracted to negatively charged electrical plates.

  • It is much more massive than an electron.

Explanation

Question 57 of 90

1

What is the main difference between a conceptual model and a physical model?

Select one of the following:

  • Physical models and conceptual models can be used to describe the same things.

  • Physical models can only be used to represent the real world.

  • A physical model represents the shape and form while a conceptual model describes how a system behaves.

  • Conceptual models can only be used to describe concepts.

  • A conceptual model represents the shape and form while a physical model describes how a system behaves.

Explanation

Question 58 of 90

1

If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au), what new element is formed (if any)?

Select one of the following:

  • Au-2

  • Au

  • Re

  • Tl

  • Ir

Explanation

Question 59 of 90

1

The following image describes which type of change?

Select one of the following:

  • an elemental change

  • a chemical change

  • no change

  • a physical change

  • a change in reactivity

Explanation

Question 60 of 90

1

How many atoms are in one molecule of Na2SO4?

Select one of the following:

  • 4

  • 7

  • 24

  • 2

  • 3

Explanation

Question 61 of 90

1

How is the term photon related to the term quantum?

Select one of the following:

  • A quantum is a wave of light while a packet of quanta equals one photon.

  • A quantum is a particle of light while a photon is a wave of light.

  • A quantum of light is actually one photon.

  • A quantum is a particle of light exactly one photon long.

  • A quantum of photons is equal to the wavelength.

Explanation

Question 62 of 90

1

What was Niels Bohr's explanation for the observation of atomic spectra?

Select one of the following:

  • Nucleons could be excited by different electron energies.

  • Any photon could excite an electron.

  • Only certain photons with the correct energy could excite the quanta in the nucleus.

  • Electrons could only move in discrete energy steps within an atom.

  • Electrons could not move in an atom.

Explanation

Question 63 of 90

1

Which of the following elements will most likely be shiny and flexible?

Select one of the following:

  • iodine (I)

  • silicon (Si)

  • rhodium (Rh)

  • hydrogen (H)

  • helenium (Se)

Explanation

Question 64 of 90

1

Why isn't dirt listed in the periodic table?

Select one of the following:

  • Elements like dirt and air are so common that there is no need to list them in the periodic table.

  • Dirt IS listed in the periodic table but is not easily recognized because it is listed as one of the rare earths with its old scientific name, dysprosium, symbol Dy.

  • The periodic table lists only elements made of one kind of material. Dirt is a mixture of elements and compounds.

  • None of the above is true.

Explanation

Question 65 of 90

1

Strontium, Sr (number 38), is especially dangerous to humans because it tends to accumulate in calcium-dependent bone marrow tissues (calcium, Ca, number 20). This fact relates to the organization of the periodic table in that strontium and calcium are both

Select one of the following:

  • in group 2 of the periodic table.

  • soluble in water.

  • metals.

  • made of relatively large atoms.

Explanation

Question 66 of 90

1

What is the name of the following compound?
CO2

Select one of the following:

  • carbon dioxide

  • calcium oxide

  • dicobalt

  • calcium dioxide

  • dioxocarbon

Explanation

Question 67 of 90

1

Which of the following is said to be quantized?

Select one of the following:

  • the volume of air in a balloon

  • the amount of water in a glass

  • the amount of time in an hour

  • the number of eggs in an egg carton

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 68 of 90

1

What is the valence shell?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the shell of electrons in element V (atomic no. = 23)

  • It is the last partially filled orbital in an atom.

  • It is the shell of electrons in an atom that is the least reactive.

  • It is the same as the orbital configuration.

  • It is the outermost shell of electrons in an atom.

Explanation

Question 69 of 90

1

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

Select one of the following:

  • Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.

  • Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

  • Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom.

  • Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size.

Explanation

Question 70 of 90

1

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

Select one of the following:

  • charcoal being converted into ash

  • a candy bar being digested by a student

  • iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust

  • water boiling and being converted into steam

  • water being electrolyzed and being converted in hydrogen and oxygen

Explanation

Question 71 of 90

1

Which are older, the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby

Select one of the following:

  • It depends upon their diet.

  • An elderly person because they have been around much longer.

  • They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.

  • A baby because this is surely a trick question.

Explanation

Question 72 of 90

1

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: the brain; the mind; the solar system; the beginning of the universe?

Select one of the following:

  • physical; physical; physical; physical

  • conceptual; conceptual; conceptual; conceptual

  • physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual

  • conceptual; physical; conceptual physical

Explanation

Question 73 of 90

1

The repeating trends that take place when examining the elements are called ________.

Select one of the following:

  • the metal shift

  • a group conscience

  • periodicity (periodic trend)

  • the family cycle

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 74 of 90

1

Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?

Select one of the following:

  • cerium (Cr)

  • argon (Ar)

  • lithium (Li)

  • lead (Pb)

  • indium (In)

Explanation

Question 75 of 90

1

Which of the following boxes represents a compound?

Select one of the following:

  • only A

  • only B

  • only C

  • both A and C

Explanation

Question 76 of 90

1

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?

Select one of the following:

  • Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements.

  • The atomic masses are average atomic masses.

  • Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

  • That would be too much of a coincidence.

Explanation

Question 77 of 90

1

Which of the following would not be considered matter?

Select one of the following:

  • light

  • clouds

  • rain

  • trees

  • air

Explanation

Question 78 of 90

1

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would

Select one of the following:

  • have a change in flavor.

  • become radioactive.

  • become arsenic.

  • expand and likely lodge in your throat.

Explanation

Question 79 of 90

1

Which statement best describes a compound?

Select one of the following:

  • a mixture of atoms

  • a material that is made up of a combination of atoms bonded together

  • a mixture of more than one element

  • a material that is made up of a single type of atom

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 80 of 90

1

Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family?

Select one of the following:

  • alkaline-earth metals

  • noble gases

  • heavy metals

  • transition metals

  • alkali metals

Explanation

Question 81 of 90

1

Which of the following would be considered a physical property?

Select one of the following:

  • flammability

  • density

  • oxygen sensitivity

  • reactivity towards acid

  • corrosion resistance

Explanation

Question 82 of 90

1

What is the main tenet of Plank's quantum hypothesis?

Select one of the following:

  • Energy can be converted into matter through nuclear quanta.

  • Light is composed of waves that exist only at certain quantum fundamental frequencies.

  • Energy is composed of subatomic particles called quanta.

  • Energy is a continuum, but light is quantized.

  • Energy comes in discrete packets of a certain minimum size.

Explanation

Question 83 of 90

1

Which of the following does not describe a neutron?

Select one of the following:

  • It is more difficult to detect than a proton or an electron.

  • It is a nucleon.

  • It is often associated with protons.

  • It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.

  • It is much more massive than an electron.

Explanation

Question 84 of 90

1

Which of the following could be represented by a physical model?

Select one of the following:

  • a cell

  • an atom

  • ecosystem

  • rationality

  • both A and B

Explanation

Question 85 of 90

1

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't objects pass through one another?

Select one of the following:

  • The nucleus of one atom attracts the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.

  • The electrons on the atoms repel other electrons on other atoms when they get close.

  • The nucleus of one atom repels the nucleus of another atom when it gets close.

  • The electrons of one attract the nucleus of a neighboring atom to form a barrier.

Explanation

Question 86 of 90

1

How is it possible to deduce the identity of an element from its electron configuration?

Select one of the following:

  • An electron configuration is unique to each element, much like its atomic spectrum.

  • If the atom is electrically neutral, the number of electrons corresponds to the atom's atomic number.

  • The number of occupied shells corresponds to the atom's atomic number.

  • Using the periodic table, the outermost occupied shell indicates the group while the number of occupied shells indicates the period.

Explanation

Question 87 of 90

1

How would you describe the size of the following object?

a blood cell

Select one of the following:

  • submicroscopic

  • microscopic

  • macroscopic

  • all of the above

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 88 of 90

1

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of the electron and the proton. Give a possible explanation.

Select one of the following:

  • The neutron is nearly massless.

  • The discovery required the use of ultrafast computers.

  • The neutron is only slightly more massive than the proton.

  • The neutron lacks an electrical charge.

Explanation

Question 89 of 90

1

Strontium, Sr (number 38), is especially dangerous to humans because it tends to accumulate in calcium-dependent bone marrow tissues (calcium, Ca, number 20). This fact relates to the organization of the periodic table in that strontium and calcium are both

Select one of the following:

  • in group 2 of the periodic table.

  • soluble in water.

  • metals.

  • made of relatively large atoms.

Explanation

Question 90 of 90

1

Which element would have chemical properties the most similar to chlorine (Cl)?

Select one of the following:

  • Ar

  • Na

  • Br

  • S

  • O

Explanation

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