Rachel Smith
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Questions from Missions 9 and 10

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Rachel Smith
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Behavioural 9&10

Question 1 of 30

1

Explaining animal behaviour in terms of human motives is ___________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • problem solving

  • functional equivalence

  • an anthropomorphism

Explanation

Question 2 of 30

1

Novel behaviours can arise from trial-and-error, stimulus generalisation, and _______________________.

Select one of the following:

  •  imitation

  • response generalisation

  • problem solving

Explanation

Question 3 of 30

1

A dog looking 'guilty' could be negatively reinforced because __________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • it results in being petted

  • it results in the scolding stopping

  • it results in being forgiven

Explanation

Question 4 of 30

1

When Epstein's pigeons were placed in the problem solving situation there was _________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • imitation of previous responses

  • shaping of behaviour

  • an initial conflict between responses

Explanation

Question 5 of 30

1

Keeping the Russian anti-tank dogs hungry created _______________________.

Select one of the following:

  • stimulus control

  • a motivating operation

  •  generalisation

Explanation

Question 6 of 30

1

Performing novel behavioursin a situation that you've never been in before to produce certain consequences is _________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • trial and error

  • problem solving

  • anthropomorphising

Explanation

Question 7 of 30

1

The purpose of conducting a preference assessment for dogs such as in Vicars et al. (2014) is to identify stimuli that might serve as _________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • reinforcers

  • motivating operations

  •  punishers

Explanation

Question 8 of 30

1

Vicars et al. (2014) used a paired stimulus preference assessment for dogs. This involved presenting pairs of stimuli from which the dogs could choose, an approach based on ______________________.

Select one of the following:

  • superstitious behaviour

  • stimulus control

  •  the matching law

Explanation

Question 9 of 30

1

Martin et al. (2011) conducted a functional analysis on a chimpanzee's faeces throwing behaviour. They found that the chimpanzee was engaging in this behaviour ______________________________________.

Select one of the following:

  •  Because it was angry

  • Because it was being punished

  • Because it received reinforcers for doing so

Explanation

Question 10 of 30

1

Improving the quality of life of animals in captivity would NOT include __________________________ to manage difficult behaviour.

Select one of the following:

  •  Environmental enrichment

  • Implementing function-based interventions

  •  Forcing compliance

Explanation

Question 11 of 30

1

Which of the following does not produce novel behaviours?

Select one of the following:

  • Imitation

  • Variability in baseline behaviour

  • Conditional discrimination

  • Stimulus generalisation

Explanation

Question 12 of 30

1

Select the correct answer. Problem solving…

Select one of the following:

  • Only occurs in humans and not animals

  • Occurs in humans and animals

  • Only occurs in animals with intelligence

  • Is not studied in behaviour analysis

Explanation

Question 13 of 30

1

In Epstein’s (1985) study the pigeons…

Select one of the following:

  • Were not taught how to move the box to the green spot; they had to figure it out themselves

  • Were taught the prerequisite skills but not how to chain them together

  • Were directly taught how to move the box and then stand on it to peck the banana

  • Were punished if they did not problem-solve in time

Explanation

Question 14 of 30

1

I come home to find that my dog has destroyed my favourite shoes. The dog’s ears are flat and he avoids eye contact with me. The most likely explanation of this is:

Select one of the following:

  • This behaviour has avoided punishment in the past

  • The dog is feeling guilty

  • This behaviour has been positively reinforced in the past

  • The dog has seen the chewed shoes and displays this behaviour in response to that stimulus

Explanation

Question 15 of 30

1

Find the correct answer. In the original Epstein (1984) paper…

Select one of the following:

  • Other pigeons trained only in one of the prerequisite skills could not solve the problem

  • Jumping to peck at the banana was extinguished

  • The box being under the banana was an SD for standing on it to peck

  • A & C

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 16 of 30

1

A chimp is taught some sign language but often mixes up the word order e.g. “water want” rather than “want water”. What is the most likely explanation?

Select one of the following:

  • Non-humans have not got the capabilities to understand grammar

  • Animals do not enjoy language so are less motivated to get it right.

  • The chimp means something else but cannot express it correctly

  • Both phrases have resulted in the keeper getting the chimp water

Explanation

Question 17 of 30

1

Select the correct answer. In the study by Gardner (1969), Washoe the chimp was taught…

Select one of the following:

  • To use PECS (picture exchange communication system)

  • Simple vocal sounds to communicate

  • To use ASL (American Sign Language)

  • To use a keyboard to type requests

Explanation

Question 18 of 30

1

What function did the first words that Washoe developed have?

Select one of the following:

  • Positive social

  • Negative social

  • Automatic

  • A & C

Explanation

Question 19 of 30

1

‘The dog bit me because it was angry’ is an anthropomorphism because:

Select one of the following:

  • It explains animal behaviour in terms of human motives

  • It describes the emotion of the animal

  • It describes the function of the behaviour

  • It shows that animals can solve problems

Explanation

Question 20 of 30

1

What is problem solving from a behaviour analytic perspective?

Select one of the following:

  • Engaging in intelligent behaviours

  • Engaging in anthropomorphic behaviours

  • Engaging in behaviours you have never performed before that are aimed to produce certain consequences

  • Engaging in behaviours you have performed before that are aimed to produce certain consequences

Explanation

Question 21 of 30

1

Criminal profiling is a process by which evidence (particularly that found at a crime scene) is analysed to determine ________________ offender characteristics.

Select one of the following:

  • probable

  • personality

  • with certainty

Explanation

Question 22 of 30

1

Kocsis, Hayes, and Irwin (2002) found the ___________________ was not a factor in the accuracy of profiling.

Select one of the following:

  • gender

  • age

  • experience

Explanation

Question 23 of 30

1

________________ assumes that offenders engaging in similar behaviours will display similar characteristics.

Select one of the following:

  • Homology

  • Behaviourism

  •  Empiricism

Explanation

Question 24 of 30

1

Ferguson (2013) suggested that there are only five relevant offender characteristics in a profile - motive, special skills or knowledge of methods and materials, relationship to the victim, ________________________, and criminal skill or forensic awareness.

Select one of the following:

  •  personality

  • knowledge of the crime scene or location

  • history of abuse

Explanation

Question 25 of 30

1

One of the challenges is behaviour analysis of criminal behaviour is that often, the behaviours are _____________.

Select one of the following:

  • not measurable

  • internal

  • covert

Explanation

Question 26 of 30

1

A challenge in teaching incarcerated offenders new behaviours whilst they are in prison is __________________________________.

Select one of the following:

  • generalisation to outside settings

  • They don’t want to change

  • there is no evidence that it works

Explanation

Question 27 of 30

1

Being sent to prison after committing a crime could be a _______________________________.

Select one of the following:

  •  Delayed punisher

  •  Punisher with good temporal contiguity

  •  Discriminative stimulus for crime

Explanation

Question 28 of 30

1

Committing crimes can be on _______________ schedule of reinforcement – sometimes you don’t get caught.

Select one of the following:

  • a continuous

  • an intermittent

  • no

Explanation

Question 29 of 30

1

Schnelle et al. (1978) found that adding a helicopter decreased burglaries and the cash benefits outweighed the cost of the helicopter. The helicopter was most likely a _________________________.

Select one of the following:

  •  discriminative stimulus for a punisher (being caught)

  • punisher

  • motivating operation

Explanation

Question 30 of 30

1

Bassett and Blanchard (1977) found that the number of behaviours punished and the frequency of punishment increased when a prison token economy was unsupervised. This could have been because implementing punishment was a ____________________ for the behaviour of the guards running the token economy.

Select one of the following:

  •  punisher

  • motivating operation

  •  reinforcer

Explanation

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