Ben Williams
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University of St. Augustine - Gerontology

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Ben Williams
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Myths and Theories of Aging

Question 1 of 28

1

Florida, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia have the highest proportions of persons >65 years old.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 28

1

The oldest old (those >85 years) is the fastest growing segment of the population.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 28

1

Most older persons live alone.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 28

1

The older population is more racially diverse than the general population, with the greatest increase among Hispanics.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 28

1

Life expectancy for blacks and whites is nearly equal at age 85.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 28

1

Heart disease, cancer and stroke together account for about 70% of deaths among older adults.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 28

1

About 20% of community-dwelling elders need help with one or more ADLs.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 28

1

The most common chronic condition in the elderly is hypertension.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 28

1

About 25% of the older population will reside in a nursing home.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 28

1

Over 25% of total Medicare expenditures for a given year go to enrollees who are in the last year of life.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 28

1

The majority of older Americans describe themselves as very satisfied with life.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 12 of 28

1

About 3/4 of elders, ages 75-84, report having no disabilities.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 28

1

In case of severe disability, <10% of the elderly want to receive long-term care from a family member.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 28

1

Older Americans take an average of 3 medications at any one time.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 28

1

Less than one-half of home health care of elders is provided as informal support by family members.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 16 of 28

1

65% of elder abuse is between spouses with elderly husbands abused twice as often as elderly wives.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 28

1

Older drivers have higher collision rates per mile driven than any other age group.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 18 of 28

1

At 65, 30% of men report regular sexual activity.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 28

1

the changes due solely to the aging process, uncomplicated by damage from environment, lifestyle or disease.

Select one of the following:

  • Successful Aging

  • Usual Aging

  • Senescence

Explanation

Question 20 of 28

1

Changes due to the combined effects of the aging process and of disease and adverse environmental and lifestyle factors.

Select one of the following:

  • Successful Aging

  • Usual Aging

  • Senescence

Explanation

Question 21 of 28

1

The nonreversible, deteriorative changes in aged organisms that predispose them to fatal disease and death.

Select one of the following:

  • Successful Aging

  • Usual Aging

  • Senescence

Explanation

Question 22 of 28

1

Select the 3 comments that apply to the Hayflick Limit Theory of Aging

Select one or more of the following:

  • Once a critical number of replications is reached, cells stop dividing.

  • Telomeres at the end of chromosomes shorten with each cell division.

  • “Immortal” cells avoid telomere shortening due to enzyme telomerase.

  • Age pigments (lipofuscin) seen at microscopic levels of body tissues.

  • Rate-of-living theory – longevity is inversely proportional to metabolic rate.

  • Progressive accumulation of mutations produces random chromosome damage.

  • The immune system no longer recognizes some of its own members and becomes self-destructive.

Explanation

Question 23 of 28

1

Select the 3 correct notes about the Free-Radical Theory of Aging.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Free-radical reactions implicated in aging process as well as disorders such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and cataracts.

  • Free-radical reactions are not related to atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or cataracts.

  • Age pigments (lipofuscin) seen at microscopic levels of body tissues.

  • Antioxidant nutrients appear to be FR inhibitors.

  • Once a critical number of replications is reached, cells stop dividing.

  • Caloric restriction while maintaining essential nutrients decreases metabolic rate.

  • Aging is a nonrandom phenomenon.

Explanation

Question 24 of 28

1

Select the 2 correct notes about the Somatic Mutation Theory of Aging.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Progressive accumulation of mutations produces random chromosome damage.

  • Aging is a nonrandom phenomenon.

  • Congenital mutations eventually propagate to all cells.

Explanation

Question 25 of 28

1

According to the Cross-Linkage Theory of Aging, Cross-linkage of large fat molecules within the body (eg. collagen, elastin, and DNA) is responsible for aging.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 28

1

The following concepts are part of which theory of aging:

Self-concept depends on how one performs in daily activities and the way others react to the person.
Sense of self, ability to mediate between self and society, and value to society.

Select one of the following:

  • Disengagement Theory

  • Activity Theory

  • Social Reconstruction Theory

Explanation

Question 27 of 28

1

Successful Aging seldom brings drastic changes in self-concept or self-esteem.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 28

1

Select the 3 actions that positively influence the aging process and enhance quality of life in later years, according to the MacArthur Foundation Study of Successful Aging.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Avoid Disease and Disability

  • Maintain High Cognitive and Physical Function

  • Stay Involved With Life and Living

  • Eat lots of Fruits and Vegetables

  • Live at Home as Long as Possible

  • Read a Book every Week

Explanation

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