What is control?

What did Adler (1930) describe the need to control as and how was this supported by Bengston (1973) and Butler (1967)?

What did Langer et al (1975) find about inducing perception of control in hospital patients?

What did Stotland and Bumenthal (1964) find about choice and students taking a test?

What startling evidence did Ferrare (1962) find about geriatric patients?

What specifically did L+R aim to investigate about effects of enhanced personal responsibility and choice in a group of nursing home patients?

What did they hope to find out about direct experience of personal responsibility and generalizations?

What was the place the study was conducted like?

What were the 2 groups and how were they assigned?

How many males and females in the RIG group, what was the emphasis and what provisions did they have?

How many males and females in CG, what was the emphasis and what provisions did they have?

How were the messages for the RIG and the CG different?

When was the 1st questionnaire completed and what did it assess?

What did the research assistant also rate?

When was the 2nd questionnaire completed and what did it assess?

What behavioral measures were assessed?

What did the baseline measure show?

How did the RIG compare to the CG in terms of happiness?

How did the RIG rate themselves in terms of alertness and activity compared to the CG?

How did the 2 groups compare in terms of perceived control?

How did the social levels of RIG and CG compare?

What were the TCS (total change score from pre and post test) for the 2 groups? Whats the difference between the mean scores?

How did the improvement levels of the RIG compare to the CG?

What were the findings for the behavioral methods?

What ideas do the findings support?

What was surprising about the CG's level of debilitatement?

What was unclear about the behavioral measures?

Were the behavioral improvements big/small?

What do findings suggest about sense of personal responsibility?

How does L+R's field experiment increase internal validity?

How is internal validity increased by the nurses participating?

How do confounding variables affect the internal validity in this study?

How does the nature of the nursing home affect generalizability?

Is the research a true field experiment?

How was reliability demonstrated in this experiment?

How does the sample composition affect population validity?

What are the ethical issues in this research?

What reasons may override the fact that ethical guidelines were breached for this research?

What were Langer and Rodin's (1977) findings?

How does L+R(1977) findings support L+R?

What were Conen (1993) et al's findings?

How does Conen (1993) et al's research support L+R?

What did Wurm et al (2007) find?

How does Wurm et al's (2007) research develop L+R's findings?

What did Savell (1991) find?

What explanation could be proposed for Savell's (1991) research which contradicts L+R?