MPA's often protect habitat specific systems such as coral reefs on which many organisms are sessile/territorial/non-migratory - can data from these areas really be used as evidence of the efficacy of MPA's for other habitats?
MPA's often small scale
Shifting baselines - what state are you trying to recover the habitat - previous and concurrent fishing history
Genetic bottle necks
stock collapse
Compliance - hard to get fishers to adhere to the rules of MPAs?
Highly mobile species are not afforded much protection
Activity displacement - fishing effort moved to another area, many socio - economic problems associated with this
Climate change - changing distributions

MPA's are a tool for managent but perhaps not a panacea for fisheries issues.
Unlikely to be successful in isolation - need to work with other management

	Created by amyycartwright almost 10 years ago

degree MBIO218 Note on Benefits of MPA's to Conservation and Fisheries, created by amyycartwright on 29/04/2014.

Benefits of MPA's to Conservation and Fisheries