Dry air contains non-metal elements in large amounts. Name some examples.

Dry air also consists of non-metal elements in small amounts. Name some examples.

What is meant when molecules are held together by COVALENT bonds?

Why are the atoms held together?

Why are the melting and boiling points of simple molecular substances low?

Why can't pure molecular substances conduct electricity?

What is strong and weak in small covalent molecules?

What happens when molecular substances melt?

What is the hydrosphere?

What does the hydrosphere contain?

What happens when water evaporates?

Salts are ionic compounds. What are ions?

What is an ionic bond?

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Why can't ions conduct electricity when solid?

What is a molecular ion?

How can ions be identified in a compound?

What is the effect of adding an alkali, such as dilute sodium hydroxide, to different positive metal ions?

How can negative carbonate ions be identified?

How can negative chloride, bromide and iodide ions be identified?

Precipitates form when an insoluble solid is made in the reaction. Give an example of this.

What is the lithosphere?

What is found in the lithosphere?

What are minerals?

Give examples of abundant elements that can be found in the Earth's lithosphere.

What are ores?

How can copper, zinc and iron be extracted from their ores?

What is a redox reaction?

Why does reduction occur in the extraction of some metals?

Why does oxidation occur in the extraction of some metals?

What is the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between zinc oxide and carbon?

Diamond and graphite contain many carbon atoms covalently bonded together in a regular lattice, what kind of structure is this called?

What are the physical properties of diamond?

Why are the properties of silicon dioxide similar to diamond?

Describe the structure of diamond.

Describe the structure of graphite.

Why can graphite conduct electricity whereas diamond cannot?

What is the equation the find the percentafe of a metal in a mineral?

What is electrolysis?

What is the name given to the compound that is dissolved in the water?

What happens to the electrolyte as electricity passes through the solution?

Give an example of a metal that is extracted from its ore through electrolysis.

Why can't all metals be extracted from its ore by heating it with carbon?

In electrolysis, what happens at the cathode and anode and why?

Why are metals useful?

What holds together the atoms in metals?

What are the properties of metallic bonds?

Describe where the term 'sea of electrons' comes from.

What are the properties of attractions in a metal?

Why are pure metals malleable?

Give examples of metals that are poisonous.

What can be destroyed due to poisonous metals?

What are the disadvantages of the process of extracting metals?

What can copper be used for?

What metal was used before to make batteries for vehicles? What metal is used now to do this?