How are free fatty acids formed?

How do free fatty acids circulate around the body?

How do fatty acids enter cells?

Why are intracellular concentrations of FFA kept low?

How are most lipids transported in the circulation?

Name the 5 types of lipoprotein

What are the constituents of a lipoprotein? (5)

What is the predominant component in chlyomicrons?

Each lipoprotein has its own set of unique ______________, but some are in common with each other.

Give 4 functions of apoproteins

In the gut, when fats are ingested, ________ enzymes breakdown triacylglycerides to ______ ______ and _______________, so they can diffuse across the membrane into the intestinal mucosa. Here they reform into ______________ and bind with other lipids and the appropriate _____________ to form __________________.

Chylomicrons have a very low density due to high levels of _____________

In which part of the cell are the apoproteins added?

How are the chylomicrons secreted from the cell and where do they enter next?

What is the characteristic of Type 1 Hyperlipidaemia?

What causes this?

What is the characteristic of Type 2 Hyperlipidaemia?

What is the most common cause of this?

What is the most common form of hyperlipidaemia, what is its characteristic and what causes it?

Which fat-soluble vitamins are also present in chylomicrons?

Why is it useful to have vitamin E in the chylomicrons?

What is the lifetime of a chylomicron and how are the remnants removed?

Where are VLDLs synthesised?

VLDLs are ___________ as they circulate by the enzyme __________ ________.

What 4 factors enhance the formation of VLDLs?

In the same way as chylomicrons, remnants of VLDLs are removed by the _________ by _____ ___

After ______ enzymes have acted upon VLDLs, _____s form. These are the major carriers of __________, carrying it to the peripheries and regulating its sythesis. It is metabolised slowly in approx ___ days.

Where are HDLs made? (2)

What is the function of HDLs?

Where else do HDLs go?

Which apoprotein allows HDLs to bind to other lipoproteins and cells?

Why are LDLs termed 'bad cholesterol'?

What are the 2 receptor mechanisms which mediate uptake into cells by endocytosis?

What is the mechanism of action of the LDL receptor?

What regulates cholesterol uptake and synthesis?

High levels of cholesterol have what effect?

What effect does this have? (2)

What do statins do?

What can cause loss of LDL receptor function?

What 4 things can this cause?

Where are scavenger receptors located? (3)

Give 2 reasons why these are different to LDL receptors.

Name 3 things that regulate lipoproteins?

What are 3 causes of abnormal lipid transport?