privilege and adverse inferences from silence

Bill of rights and 5th amendment to the US constitution

historical background to privilege against self incrimination

privilege against self-incrimination

privilege is far from an absolute right

privilege in civil proceedings
Blunt v Park Lane Hotel [1942]

operation of privilege in civil proceedings

financial and corporate investigations by state subject to statutory derogations

AT & T Istel v Tulley [1992]
per Lord Templeman

does not apply to these even if production is compelled...

Att-general reference (No 7 of 2000)

R v S [2008]

Att-general's reference (No7 of 2000)

privilege is not engaged and art 6 is not violated when...

Saunders v UK

two stages of privilege

R v Hets CC ex p Green environmental industries

Kearns

stage one
civil proceedings
compulsion of information

summary stage 2
civil proceedings
use of evidence

privilege in criminal trials
s1(1) criminal evidence act 1898

s1 (2) criminal evidence act 1898

D has a choice to give or not to give evidence

privilege does not extend to ...
ECtHR in Saunders v UK 1996

PACE s62
s117

PACE code D para 6

non-intimate samples

asking questions in criminal investigations
Saunders v UK 1997

Brown v Stott [2003]

S 172 RTA

O'Halloran and Francis v UK (2008)

R v K (2009)

summary criminal proceedings
stage 1
compulsory information

summary criminal trial
stage 2
use of evidence

right to silence until 1994

ss34-37 Criminal justice and public order act 1994

silence and police questioning
traditional common law position

Hall v R [1971]

Rice v Connolly [1966]

qualifying the right to silence under common law
'informal accusations'

Parkes [1976]

Chandler 1976

Horne 1990

PACE 1984 S62(10)

CRIMPO 1994

three key situations

CRIMPO s 36-37

CRIMPO s34

Code C
11.1A
10.5 (b)

caution

conditions of application of s34

Webber [2004]

Nickolson 1999

Betts and Hall 2001

1st interview

Howell 2003

right to silence and presumption of innocence under art 6.2

Condron v UK (2001)

domestic courts must take particular care about circumstances in which inferences may be drawn

Murrary v UK 1996

Pace s58

s34(2)(A) CRIMPO

CA in Condron [1997]

Beckles [2004]

R v Daha Essa (2009)
R v Seaton (2010)

Gill 2001

Chenia 2003

condron v UK 2001

what are proper inferences

five possible justifications for privilege
Dennis

conflicting issues of privilege