Describe the process of ionic bonding.

What is covalent bonding?

Give the 4 stages in the limestone cycle.

What is limestone used to make?

What environmental problems come with quarrying limestone?

Name 2 ways pollution is caused from using limestone to make other products.

Give the advantages of limestone products.

Give the disadvantages of limestone products.

How can the profitability (economics) of metal extraction change over time?

What is reduction and why is it affected by the reactivity series?

What is Electrolysis?

How is electrolysis used to purify copper?

How can scrap iron be used to displace copper from solution?

What is a displacement?

What is bioleaching?

What is phytomining?

Give the advantages and disadvantages of metal extraction?

Why is recycling metals important?

Give the properties of Copper and an example of what it is used for.

Give the properties of Aluminium and an example of what it is used for.

Give the properties of Titanium and an example of what it is used for.

Give the basic properties of metals.

How do transition metal properties make them good for everyday uses?

Give 2 disadvantages of metals.

Give the disadvantages of using:
1) Iron straight from the furnace
2) very pure iron

Name 3 types of steel along with their properties and uses.

How is Iron converted into steel?

What are alloys?

Give 4 examples of alloys with their uses and properties.

What is a mixture?

What is crude oil?

Briefly describe the fractional distillation of crude oil.

What are alkanes and give their general formula?

Explain the trends of alkanes if the molecules are short.

Give uses of hydrocarbons.

What is ethanol and give the pros and cons of using it as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels?

What is biodiesel and give the pros and cons of using it as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels?

What is Hydrogen gas and give the pros and cons of using it as an alternative fuel to fossil fuels?

What is global dimming?

Give the environmental problems crude oil can cause.

What causes acid rain and what problems can it cause?

Give 3 ways of reducing acid rain.

What is cracking?

What are alkenes and give their general formula?

Give an example of a long molecule going through the cracking process.

How can bromine water be used to test for an alkene?

When ethene is hydrated with steam, what substance is formed?
Give the advantages and disadvantages of this process.

How is ethanol made by fermentation?
Give the advantages and disadvantages of this process.

What are polymers?

Give 6 uses of polymers.

Give 2 factors which will affect the physical properties of a polymer.

Why might polymers become more expensive in the future?

Give 3 advantages of using vegetable oils in food.

Give 3 advantages of cooking with vegetable oils.

Explain the method for extracting oils from plants.

What is an emulsion?

What are emulsifiers?

What are the Pros and Cons of using emulsifiers?

What is meant by 'primordial soup'?

The burning of fossil fuels is causing a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. How is this affecting the oceans and the climate?

Name the gases that make up the Earth's atmosphere today.

Describe the process of the fractional distillation of air.

Was the 'Primordial soup' theory proven?

What was Alfred Wegener's theory of Continental Drift?

Why wasn't Wegener's theory accepted for many years?

Describe the structure of the Earth.

What are tectonic plates?

Describe the Earth's early atmosphere.

Explain how green plants evolved and produced oxygen in the evolution of the atmosphere.

What did the build-up of oxygen in the atmosphere lead to?

How can vegetable oils in foods affect health?

What is complete combustion?

What is hydrogenation?

What is incomplete combustion?