Ben Armstrong
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Degree Psychology Quiz on Developmental Psychology, created by Ben Armstrong on 26/04/2017.

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Ben Armstrong
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Developmental Psychology

Question 1 of 54

1

A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is

Select one of the following:

  • that informed consent is not necessary.

  • its ability to discern amongst cohorts.

  • that it follows development of individuals.

  • that it protects from selective attrition.

Explanation

Question 2 of 54

1

The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied

Select one of the following:

  • experimentally.

  • cross-sectionally.

  • longitudinally

  • speculatively

Explanation

Question 3 of 54

1

Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?

Select one of the following:

  • muscle tone

  • heart rate

  • reflex irritability

  • attention span

Explanation

Question 4 of 54

1

In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of

Select one of the following:

  • the increasing rate of single parenthood

  • the perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water

  • better maternal nutrition

  • advances in medical technology

Explanation

Question 5 of 54

1

Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.

Select one of the following:

  • PRIMATE / HUMAN

  • POSITIVE / NEGATIVE

  • FATHER / MOTHER

  • MILD / INTENSE

Explanation

Question 6 of 54

1

When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they

Select one of the following:

  • are unreliable and inaccurate

  • do better with negative emotions than with positive

  • do better with positive emotions than with negative

  • are highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion

Explanation

Question 7 of 54

1

"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to

Select one of the following:

  • categorise people or animals as good or bad

  • use the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation

  • hide one's own true inner feelings

  • understand that others' feelings differ from your own

Explanation

Question 8 of 54

1

Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?

Select one of the following:

  • habituation / dishabituation

  • high-amplitude sucking

  • deferred imitation

  • evoked potentials

Explanation

Question 9 of 54

1

Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?

Select one of the following:

  • very smudged eye shadow

  • a big bruise on mum’s nose

  • a piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin

  • a crow’s nest in mum’s hair

Explanation

Question 10 of 54

1

As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?

Select one of the following:

  • passively waiting for an object to reappear

  • anticipating invisible displacements

  • making an A-not-B error

  • looking at another toy as the first one disappears from view

Explanation

Question 11 of 54

1

Cernunnos's dad is upset and cries. Cernunnos gives his teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Cernunnos is showing

Select one of the following:

  • egocentrism

  • decentered emotionality

  • sympathetic empathetic concern

  • animism

Explanation

Question 12 of 54

1

Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as ________ is __________ to .

Select one of the following:

  • egocentrism / other’s viewpoint

  • adolescence / childhood

  • flexibility / rigidity

  • solitary / social

Explanation

Question 13 of 54

1

For Vygotsky, private speech is

Select one of the following:

  • meaningless babbling

  • entirely silent and cannot be heard by others

  • passive reporting on thoughts after they have happened

  • self-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts

Explanation

Question 14 of 54

1

A basic definition of imitation is

Select one of the following:

  • doing an action after seeing it done

  • repeating an action after getting reinforcement

  • varying a response to achieve reinforcement

  • repeating an action

Explanation

Question 15 of 54

1

Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an

Select one of the following:

  • ability to copy actions

  • ability to copy a variety of actions

  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions

  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement

Explanation

Question 16 of 54

1

A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him

Select one of the following:

  • look to find a cat

  • try to pet the cat

  • neither look or try to pet but may echo the word ‘cat’

  • both look and and try to pet – and he may echo the word ‘cat’

Explanation

Question 17 of 54

1

The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is

Select one of the following:

  • interest, distress, disgust, and contentment

  • anger, surprise, fear, and sadness

  • embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride

  • joy, happiness, frustration, and boredom

Explanation

Question 18 of 54

1

Bellona is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would

Select one of the following:

  • be unusual in a child at that age

  • be evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached

  • be considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response)

  • simply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry

Explanation

Question 19 of 54

1

Emotional attachments between parent and child

Select one of the following:

  • are the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries

  • slowly rise from social interactions in the first months

  • emerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level

  • result from both persons' shared genetic relationship

Explanation

Question 20 of 54

1

Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”

Select one of the following:

  • identifies the child's level of visual imagination

  • provides training for the transition into foster care

  • measures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items

  • assesses the child's attachment style

Explanation

Question 21 of 54

1

The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for

Select one of the following:

  • easy temperament

  • familiarity

  • social referencing

  • learned helplessness

Explanation

Question 22 of 54

1

Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs

Select one of the following:

  • is doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined

  • works and promotes secure attachment

  • is directed mainly to upper income parents

  • yields temporary gains that are lost within weeks

Explanation

Question 23 of 54

1

Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling

Select one of the following:

  • self-oriented distress

  • sympathetic empathetic arousal

  • a hostile attribution bias

  • learned helplessness

Explanation

Question 24 of 54

1

Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain

Select one of the following:

  • an online game training emotion recognition

  • classroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders

  • psychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable

  • parental educational materials

Explanation

Question 25 of 54

1

Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by

Select one of the following:

  • parents

  • researchers

  • children

  • teachers

Explanation

Question 26 of 54

1

A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:

Select one of the following:

  • Reliable

  • Proven

  • Valid

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 27 of 54

1

A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?

Select one of the following:

  • Children will get bored with this and underperform

  • Results will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions

  • Results may not generalise to other children

  • All of the answers

Explanation

Question 28 of 54

1

A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.

Select one of the following:

  • Data are not valid or reliable

  • Data are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds

  • Data cannot tell us about the development of individual children

  • All of the answers

Explanation

Question 29 of 54

1

You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face.
You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say

Select one of the following:

  • meow

  • bark

  • can do either as he chooses

  • neither

Explanation

Question 30 of 54

1

Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:

Select one of the following:

  • child's social relations with others such as peers

  • inheritance of developmental disability

  • inheritance of behavioral habits

  • development of knowledge

Explanation

Question 31 of 54

1

In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:

Select one of the following:

  • tertiary circular reaction

  • phylogenetic scaffolding

  • early constructivism

  • cognitive equilibrium

Explanation

Question 32 of 54

1

Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?

Select one of the following:

  • Formal operations stage

  • Preoperational stage

  • Proximal zone stage

  • Sensorimotor stage

Explanation

Question 33 of 54

1

Object permanence refers to the understanding that:

Select one of the following:

  • durable toys are preferred over those that break soon

  • existence continues even when something is out of sight

  • inanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively

  • lost objects will always be located later

Explanation

Question 34 of 54

1

Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:

Select one of the following:

  • a phylogenetic development

  • assimilation and accommodation

  • lack of object (person) permanence

  • misunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction

Explanation

Question 35 of 54

1

Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:

Select one of the following:

  • animism

  • assimilation

  • accommodation

  • tertiary circular reaction

Explanation

Question 36 of 54

1

Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:

Select one of the following:

  • sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

  • preoperational stage of cognitive development.

  • concrete-operational stage of development.

  • formal-operational stage of development.

Explanation

Question 37 of 54

1

Neith is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit (according to Piaget) is:

Select one of the following:

  • unusual for boys but common for girls

  • unusual for girls but common for boys

  • fairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development

  • fairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.

Explanation

Question 38 of 54

1

A toddler is most likely to remember:

Select one of the following:

  • A very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo

  • A very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum

  • Only the events that are highly emotionally significant.

  • Nothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age

Explanation

Question 39 of 54

1

If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):

Select one of the following:

  • device for inner experimentation

  • tool of intellectual adaptation

  • zone of proximal development

  • electronic scaffold

Explanation

Question 40 of 54

1

Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?

Select one of the following:

  • Cooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful

  • Variations in cultural influences are acknowledged

  • Developmental universals are sought and identified

  • Scaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks

Explanation

Question 41 of 54

1

In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?

Select one of the following:

  • Deliberately ignore the red spot

  • Stare at the red spot

  • Touch their nose / wipe the red spot

  • Interact with the mirror (kissing or touching it)

Explanation

Question 42 of 54

1

When do you think most children start to learn their native language?

Select one of the following:

  • When they are about 12 month old

  • When they are about 6 months old

  • Soon after birth

  • Before they are born

Explanation

Question 43 of 54

1

Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?

Select one of the following:

  • Authoritative (high D/C and high A/R)

  • Authoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)

  • Permissive (Low D/C and high A/R)

  • Uninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)

Explanation

Question 44 of 54

1

15-years old Mary is more likely than most of her peers to show poor self-control, poor academic performance, and to use illegal drugs. Her parents may have used:

Select one of the following:

  • Authoritative parenting style

  • Permissive parenting style

  • Uninvolved parenting style

  • Either permissive or uninvolved

Explanation

Question 45 of 54

1

Aphrodite is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:

Select one of the following:

  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s parents’ permissive style.

  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s difficult temperament.

  • Aphrodite has both permissive parents and a difficult temperament

  • Normal

Explanation

Question 46 of 54

1

Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?

Select one of the following:

  • Hostile

  • Instrumental

  • Relational

  • Bullying

Explanation

Question 47 of 54

1

Dave hits Chuck while their mum is not looking and as Chuck gets distracted, Dave grabs his toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?

Select one of the following:

  • Hostile

  • Instrumental

  • Relational

  • Bullying

Explanation

Question 48 of 54

1

Young infants prefer __________________ .

Select one of the following:

  • good deeds and actors

  • aggression

  • bullying

  • Negative emotions

Explanation

Question 49 of 54

1

Which of the following is NOT an elementary mental function?

Select one of the following:

  • Sensation

  • Belief in religion

  • memory

  • attention

Explanation

Question 50 of 54

1

What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?

Select one of the following:

  • The prevalent model of tutoring in western societies and schools

  • The informal tuition of cultural-relevant practices, common to non-industrialised societies

  • When a mature social partner responds contingently to the child's behaviour

  • None of the answers given

Explanation

Question 51 of 54

1

Which one of the following is not a critique for Piaget's pre-operational stage?

Select one of the following:

  • Children are not always egocentric

  • Animalism also depends on context - novel objects that move are deemed animate not others

  • Conservation tasks are solved after training

  • children struggle with appearance/reality distinction

Explanation

Question 52 of 54

1

For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?

Select one of the following:

  • Yes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.

  • No, there is no such thing as sensitive period.

  • It may be helpful but it is not necessary.

  • It may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.

Explanation

Question 53 of 54

1

Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…

Select one of the following:

  • Biological predisposition and maturation

  • Early operant learning in social situations

  • Cognitive development

  • There is no set answer, but the majority of developmental psychologists believe it is a combination of them all.

Explanation

Question 54 of 54

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five kinds of linguistic knowledge?

Select one of the following:

  • Phonology

  • Morphology

  • Syntax

  • Cosmology

Explanation

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