OS Final Possible Questions

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An SMP can be defined as a stand-alone computer system with two or more similar processors of comparable capability.

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Over the years memory access speed has consistently increased more rapidly than processor speed.

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The ___ chooses which block to replace when a new block is to be loaded into the cache and the cache already has all the slots filled with other blocks.

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When an external device becomes ready to be serviced by the processor, the device sends a(n) ___ signal to the processor.

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The ____ holds the address of the next instruction.

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Small, fast memory located between the processor and main memory is called ____.

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One mechanism Intel uses to make its caches more effective is _______.

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In a uniprocessor system, multiprogramming increases processor efficiency by _____.

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The processor controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions.

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Instruction processing consists of two steps:

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The ____ is the external data by which the OS is able to supervise and control the process.

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The processor itself is not a resource so the OS is not involved in determining how much of the processor time is devoted to the execution of a user.

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Multiprogramming operating systems are fairly sophisticated compared to single-program or _____ systems.

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Hardware features desirable in a batch-processing OS include memory protection, timer, privileged instructions and ______.

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• A common strategy to give each process in the queue some time in turn is referred to as a _____ technique.

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The technique where a system clock generates interrupts, and at each clock interrupt the OS regains control and assigns the processor to another user is _____.

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______ is where the OS must prevent independent processes from interfering with each other’s memory, both data and instructions.

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The phrase "control is passed to a job" means that the processor is now fetching and executing instructions from the monitor program.

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The key to success of Linux has been its availability for free under the auspice of the _______.

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Both batch processing and time-sharing use multiprogramming.

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If a system does not employ virtual memory each process to be executed must be fully loaded into main memory.

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It is the principal responsibility of the ____ to control the execution of processes.

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The ____ is the less-privileged mode.

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The portion of the operating system that selects the next process to run is called the ____.

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The collection of program, data, stack, and attributes is referred to as the ____.

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A process in the state is in main memory and available for execution.

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The process control block is the least important data structure in an OS.

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When a process is in the ____ state it is in secondary memory but is available for execution as soon as it is loaded into main memory.

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A total of ____ process states are recognized by the UNIX SVR4 operating system.

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The principal function of the OS is to create, manage, and terminate processes.

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In a multithreaded environment, a _____ is defined as the unit of resource allocation and a unit of protection.

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_____ is a good example of an OS using a combined ULT/KLT approach.

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A ____ is a user-created unit of execution within a process.

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The _____ are the fundamental entities that can be scheduled and dispatched to run on one of the system processors.

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A ____ is a dispatchable unit of work that executes sequentially and is interruptible so that the processor can turn to another thread.

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A Windows process must contain at least ___ thread(s) to execute.

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It takes less time to terminate a process than a thread.

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The blocked state in which the process is waiting for an event, such as the end of an I/O operation, the availability of a resource, or a signal from another process is the ____ state.

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The ____ state is when the thread has terminated.

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Any alteration of a resource by one thread affects the environment of the other threads in the same process.

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As an extension of the principles of modular design and structured programming, some applications can be effectively programmed as a set of concurrent processes.

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A situation in which a runnable process is overlooked indefinitely by the scheduler, although it is able to proceed, is _____.

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A semaphore that does not specify the order in which processes are removed from the queue is a _____ semaphore.

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A ____ is a data type that is used to block a process or thread until a particular condition is true.

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The _____ is a programming language construct that provides equivalent functionality to that of semaphores and is easier to control.

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The requirement that when one process is in a critical section that accesses shared resources, no other process may be in a critical section that accesses any of those shared resources is ____.

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The sharing of main memory among processes is useful to permit efficient and close interaction among processes because such sharing does not lead to any problems.

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The case of cooperation by sharing covers processes that interact with other processes without being explicitly aware of them.

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The management of multiple processes within a uniprocessor system is ___.

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The term ____ refers to a technique in which a process can do nothing until it gets permission to enter its critical section but continues to execute an instruction or set of instructions that tests the appropriate variable to gain entrance.

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The most common technique used for protecting a critical section in Linux is the _____.

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Interrupts, signals, messages, and information in I/O buffers are all example of reusable resources.

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Requested resources are granted to processes whenever possible with _____.

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The ____ allows multiple threads to have simultaneous read-only access to an object protected by the lock.

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Examples of ___ include processors, I/O channels, main and secondary memory, devices, and data structures such as files, databases, and semaphores.

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A closed chain of processes exists, such that each process holds at least one resource needed by the next process in the chain is the condition of ____.

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The strategy of deadlock ____ is to design a system in such a way that the possibility of deadlock is excluded.

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One of the most significant contributions of UNIX to the development of operating systems is the ____.

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Deadlock is permanent because none of the events are ever triggered.

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The fastest form of inter-process communication provided in UNIX is ____.

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In a multiprogramming system the available main memory is not generally shared among a number of processes.

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A ____ is a particular example of logical addresses in which the address is expressed as a location relative to some known point, usually a value in a processor register.

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The page table for each process maintains ____.

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In a system employing a segmentation scheme for memory management a process is divided into ___

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Available chunks of memory are known as ____.

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In a multiprogramming environment the programmer knows at the time of coding how much space will be available and where that space will be.

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In a system employing a segmentation scheme for memory management wasted space is due to _____.

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In the Dynamic Partitioning technique of memory management, the placement algorithm that scans memory from the location of the last placement and choose the next available block that is large enough to satisfy the request is called _____>

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In a system employing a paging scheme for memory management wasted space is due to _____.

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One technique for overcoming external fragmentation is ____.

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Segments may be of unequal, indeed dynamic, size.

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A ____ is issued if a desired page is not in main memory.

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The ____ determines when a page should be brought into main memory.

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The ____ policy results in the fewest number of page faults.

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The ____ algorithm requires a use bit to be associated with each page in memory.

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The ____ structure indexes page table entries by frame number rather than by virtual page number.

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The principle of locality states that program and data references within a process do not tend to cluster.

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______ is transparent to the programmer and eliminates external fragmentation providing efficient use of main memory.

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____ is a range memory addresses available to a process.

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____ allows the programmer to view memory as consisting of multiple address spaces.

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Which of the following scheduling policies allow the OS to interrupt the currently running process and move it to the Ready state?

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The strategy that schedules processes based on their group affiliation is generally referred to as ______.

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The ____ specifies the instants in time at which the selection function is exercised.

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This is a decision whether to add a process to those that are at least partially in main memory and therefore available for execution.

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Typically, the swapping-in function for processes is based on the need to manage ____.

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Response time in an interactive system is an example of:

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A risk with ____ is the possibility of starvation for longer processes, as long as there is a steady supply of shorter processes.

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First-come-first-served (FCFS) is a simple scheduling policy that tends to favor I/O bound processes over processor bound processes.

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The traditional UNIX scheduler divides processes into fixed bands of priority levels, with the highest priority band being the ____.

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One problem with a pure priority scheduling scheme is that lower-priority processes may suffer starvation.

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The multiprocessor system which consists of a set or processors that share a common main memory and are under the integrated control of an operation system is a _____.

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_____ perform static analysis of feasible schedules of dispatching with the result of the analysis being a schedule that determines, at run time, when a task must begin execution.

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The basic idea of _____ is that a lower-priority task inherits the priority of any higher-priority task pending on a resource they share.

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User control is a generally much broader in an ordinary operating system than in a real-time operating system.

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With coarse and ____ grained parallelism, there is a synchronization among processes, but at a very gross level.

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The ____ approach is a set of related threads scheduled to run on a set of processors at the same time, on a one-to-one basis.

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The ____ class is intended for applications that will only consume processor time when no other threads are ready to execute.

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______ is the time required to execute the task to completion.

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Processes at ____ priority levels are guaranteed to be selected to run before any time-sharing process but must defer to real-time processes.

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With independent parallelism there is an explicit synchronization among processes.

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The advantage of ____ is that it provides extremely high data availability.

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On a movable-head system, the time it takes to position the head at the track is known as

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The disk scheduling algorithm that implements two sub-queues in a measure to avoid the problem of "arm stickiness" is the ______.

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_____ external devices are suitable for communicating with modems.

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The simplest type of support that the operating system can provide is _____.

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Cache memory reduces average memory access time by exploiting the principle of locality.

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RAID 0 provides real-time backups of all data so that in the event of a disk failure, all of the critical data is still immediately available.

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_____ is a technique that smooths out peaks in I/O demand.

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The _____ unit is capable of mimicking the processor and of taking over control of the system bus, just like a processor.

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RAID 5 is organized in a similar fashion to _____, but is different in the fact that RAID 5 distributes the parity strips across all disks.

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Typically, the only way that a user or application may access files is through the file management system.

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_____ represents an open file associated with a process.

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An objective of the ____ is to provide a standardized set of I/O interface routines to user processes.

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The ____ is concerned with scheduling disk and tape access to optimize performance.

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The ____ file exploits the capability found on disks to access directly any block of a known address.

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All types of UNIX files are administered by the OS by means of inodes.

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The least-complicated form of file organization is the indexed file.

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The ____ contains the core parts of the operating system, including system binaries, system libraries, and configuration files.

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A ____ is a contiguous set of allocated blocks.

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A ___ is the basic element of data.

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General-purpose computer systems far outnumber embedded systems.

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The ____ module contains the code necessary for processor startup, interrupt delivery, context switching, and other functionality specific to the instruction set architecture of that processor family.

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The ____ module includes code for startup, chip selection configuration, interrupt controllers, and timer devices.

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Configurability, direct use of interrupts, and real-time operation are some of the unique characteristics and design requirements for ______/

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______ is one of the most widely used embedded operating systems.

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A key differentiator between desktop/server and embedded Linux distributions is that desktop and server software are typically compiled on one platform but is intended to be executed on another.

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The _____ interface allows the client to hold on to a resource until the client is notified that someone else needs the resource.

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A mutex is used to enforce mutually exclusive access to a resource, allowing only one thread at a time to gain access.

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_____ has become a popular approach to implementing wireless sensor network software.

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Virtual machines are made up of files.

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The solution that enables virtualization is a ____.

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The ___ facilitates the translation and I/O from the virtual machine to the physical server devices.

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_____ can power off and on physical hosts as they are needed.

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The number of guests that can exist on a single hosts is measured as a _____.

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The ____ approach is becoming a common way for businesses and individuals to deal with legacy applications and to optimize their hardware usage.

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Virtual machines are hosted via the infrastructure services in the VM kernel.

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______ is a commercially available hypervisor from VMware that provides users a bare metal hypervisor to host virtal machines on their servers.

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A key aspect of server virtualization is that VMs cannot be viewed as network resources.

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The concept of ____, as used in Linux, refers to a partitioning of the privileges available to a root user.

Information Technology Quiz on OS Final Possible Questions, created by Matt Merritt on 01/05/2017.

OS Final Possible Questions

An SMP can be defined as a stand-alone computer system with two or more similar processors of comparable capability.

Over the years memory access speed has consistently increased more rapidly than processor speed.

The ___ chooses which block to replace when a new block is to be loaded into the cache and the cache already has all the slots filled with other blocks.

When an external device becomes ready to be serviced by the processor, the device sends a(n) ___ signal to the processor.

The ____ holds the address of the next instruction.

Small, fast memory located between the processor and main memory is called ____.

One mechanism Intel uses to make its caches more effective is _______.

In a uniprocessor system, multiprogramming increases processor efficiency by _____.

The processor controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions.

Instruction processing consists of two steps:

The ____ is the external data by which the OS is able to supervise and control the process.

The processor itself is not a resource so the OS is not involved in determining how much of the processor time is devoted to the execution of a user.

Multiprogramming operating systems are fairly sophisticated compared to single-program or _____ systems.

Hardware features desirable in a batch-processing OS include memory protection, timer, privileged instructions and ______.

• A common strategy to give each process in the queue some time in turn is referred to as a _____ technique.

The technique where a system clock generates interrupts, and at each clock interrupt the OS regains control and assigns the processor to another user is _____.

______ is where the OS must prevent independent processes from interfering with each other’s memory, both data and instructions.

The phrase "control is passed to a job" means that the processor is now fetching and executing instructions from the monitor program.

The key to success of Linux has been its availability for free under the auspice of the _______.

Both batch processing and time-sharing use multiprogramming.