Róisín Farmer
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From the Braun & Clarke (2013) textbook

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Róisín Farmer
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Definitions

Question 1 of 26

1

Ontology is defined as:

Select one of the following:

  • The study of being, concerned with the state/nature of the world; with question of what exists and whats relationships exist between the world and our human understanding

  • Theory of knowledge, which determines what counts as valid or accepted knowledge, and also therefore how do we go about obtaining or producing that knowledge

  • Theory of how research proceeds, including consideration of such things as Methods, Participants and the role of the researcher, Ethics and so forth

  • A position which assumes that the world has a true nature which is knowable and real, discovered through experience and research; that we know an object because there are inherent facts about it that we can perceive and understand

Explanation

Question 2 of 26

1

Epistemology is defined as:

Select one of the following:

  • Theory of knowledge, which determines what counts as valid or accepted knowledge, and also therefore how do we go about obtaining or producing that knowledge

  • The study of being, concerned with the state/nature of the world; with question of what exists and whats relationships exist between the world and our human understanding

  • Theory of how research proceeds, including consideration of such things as Methods, Participants and the role of the researcher, Ethics and so forth

  • A position which assumes that the world has a true nature which is knowable and real, discovered through experience and research; that we know an object because there are inherent facts about it that we can perceive and understand

Explanation

Question 3 of 26

1

Define methodology:

Select one of the following:

  • Theory of how research proceeds, including consideration of such things as Methods, Participants and the role of the researcher, Ethics and so forth

  • A theoretical position that holds that there are multiple, constructed realities; all accounts are of equal theoretical value and there is no foundation to claim some version of reality is more true than another

  • The study of being, concerned with the state/nature of the world; with question of what exists and whats relationships exist between the world and our human understanding

  • A position which assumes that the world has a true nature which is knowable and real, discovered through experience and research; that we know an object because there are inherent facts about it that we can perceive and understand

Explanation

Question 4 of 26

1

Define realism:

Select one of the following:

  • An ontological and epistemological position which assumes that the world has a true nature which is knowable and real, discovered through experience and research; that we know an object because there are inherent facts about it that we can perceive and understand

  • A theoretical position that holds that there are multiple, constructed realities; all accounts are of equal theoretical value and there is no foundation to claim some version of reality is more true than another

  • A theoretical approach which assumes an ultimate reality, but claims that the way reality is experienced and interpreted is shaped by culture, language and political interests

  • A theoretical framework for making sense of the world which assumes a world that exists independent of our ways of getting to know it, and that if we observe it properly we can discover the reality of the world

Explanation

Question 5 of 26

1

Define relativism:

Select one of the following:

  • A theoretical position that holds that there are multiple, constructed realities; all accounts are of equal theoretical value and there is no foundation to claim some version of reality is more true than another

  • An ontological and epistemological position which assumes that the world has a true nature which is knowable and real, discovered through experience and research; that we know an object because there are inherent facts about it that we can perceive and understand

  • A theoretical approach which assumes an ultimate reality, but claims that the way reality is experienced and interpreted is shaped by culture, language and political interests

  • The study of being, concerned with the state/nature of the world; with question of what exists and whats relationships exist between the world and our human understanding

Explanation

Question 6 of 26

1

Define critical realism:

Select one of the following:

  • A theoretical approach which assumes an ultimate reality, but claims that the way reality is experienced and interpreted is shaped by culture, language and political interests

  • A theoretical position that holds that there are multiple, constructed realities; all accounts are of equal theoretical value and there is no foundation to claim some version of reality is more true than another

  • A theoretical approach informing some qualitative research, which assumes that meaning is related to the context in which it is produced

  • A broad theoretical framework which rejects a single truth. It sees the world and what we know as produced/constructed through language, representation and other social practices, rather than discovered

Explanation

Question 7 of 26

1

Define positivism:

Select one of the following:

  • A theoretical framework for making sense of the world which assumes a world that exists independent of our ways of getting to know it, and that if we observe it we can discover the reality of the world

  • A theoretical approach which assumes an ultimate reality, but claims that the way reality is experienced and interpreted is shaped by culture, language and political interests

  • A theoretical approach informing some qualitative research, which assumes that meaning is related to the context in which it is produced

  • Theory of knowledge, which determines what counts as valid or accepted knowledge, and also therefore how do we go about obtaining or producing that knowledge

Explanation

Question 8 of 26

1

Contextualism is defined as:

Select one of the following:

  • A theoretical approach informing some qualitative research, which assumes that meaning is related to the context in which it is produced

  • A theoretical position that holds that there are multiple, constructed realities; all accounts are of equal theoretical value and there is no foundation to claim some version of reality is more true than another

  • A broad theoretical framework which rejects a single truth. It sees the world and what we know as produced/constructed through language, representation and other social practices, rather than discovered

  • An ontological and epistemological position which assumes that the world has a true nature which is knowable and real, discovered through experience and research; that we know an object because there are inherent facts about it that we can perceive and understand

Explanation

Question 9 of 26

1

Social constructionism is defined as:

Select one of the following:

  • A broad theoretical framework which rejects a single truth. It sees the world and what we know as produced/constructed through language, representation and other social practices, rather than discovered

  • A theoretical approach informing some qualitative research, which assumes that meaning is related to the context in which it is produced

  • A theoretical position that holds that there are multiple, constructed realities; all accounts are of equal theoretical value and there is no foundation to claim some version of reality is more true than another

  • The study of being, concerned with the state/nature of the world; with question of what exists and whats relationships exist between the world and our human understanding

Explanation

Question 10 of 26

1

Subjectivity is defined as:

Select one of the following:

  • People's sense of themselves; their ways of being in and relating to the world

  • Critical reflection on the research, both as process and as practice, on one's own role as researcher and on one's relation to knowledge, acknowledging the researchers role in the production of knowledge and way in which their assumptions may have shaped the collection and analysis of their data

  • A mode of sampling typical of qualitative research involving selecting participants or data on the basis that they will have certain characteristics or experience

  • A method of data collection where participants are given the start of a story and asked to complete or continue it

Explanation

Question 11 of 26

1

Reflexivity is defined as:

Select one of the following:

  • Critical reflection on the research, both as process and as practice, on one's own role as researcher and on one's relation to knowledge, acknowledging the researchers role in the production of knowledge and way in which their assumptions may have shaped the collection and analysis of their data

  • People's sense of themselves; their ways of being in and relating to the world

  • A method of data collection where participants are given the start of a story and asked to complete or continue it

  • A theoretical framework for making sense of the world which assumes a world that exists independent of our ways of getting to know it, and that if we observe it we can discover the reality of the world

Explanation

Question 12 of 26

1

Define purposive sampling:

Select one of the following:

  • A mode of sampling typical of qualitative research involving selecting participants or data on the basis that they will have certain characteristics or experience

  • A method of data collection where participants are given the start of a story and asked to complete or continue it

  • A very common way of sampling where participants or data are selected based on accessibility rather than some other criterion

  • An approach to sampling where new participants are invited from the networks of people who have already taken part

Explanation

Question 13 of 26

1

Story completion tasks involve:

Select one of the following:

  • A method of data collection where participants are given the start of a story and asked to complete or continue it

  • A short hypothetical scenario presented to participants, often in a series of stages, after which they answer a series of open-ended questions relating to it

  • A method of data collection consisting of a series of open-ended questions that participants write responses to

  • A one-to-one method of collecting data where a participant responses to a researchers question, traditionally conducted in person but can be conducted virtually

Explanation

Question 14 of 26

1

Vignettes involve:

Select one of the following:

  • A short hypothetical scenario presented to participants, often in a series of stages, after which they answer a series of open-ended questions relating to it

  • A method of data collection where participants are given the start of a story and asked to complete or continue it

  • A method of data collection consisting of a series of open-ended questions that participants write responses to

  • A one-to-one method of collecting data where a participant responses to a researchers question, traditionally conducted in person but can be conducted virtually

Explanation

Question 15 of 26

1

Qualitative surveys involve:

Select one of the following:

  • A method of data collection consisting of a series of open-ended questions that participants write responses to

  • A short hypothetical scenario presented to participants, often in a series of stages, after which they answer a series of open-ended questions relating to it

  • A one-to-one method of collecting data where a participant responses to a researchers question, traditionally conducted in person but can be conducted virtually

  • A method of collecting data where a group of participants discuss a topic of interest, guided by a moderator, face-to-face or virtually. Key feature is the interaction among members of the group

Explanation

Question 16 of 26

1

Interviews involve:

Select one of the following:

  • A one-to-one method of collecting data where a participant responses to a researchers question, traditionally conducted in person but can be conducted virtually

  • A method of collecting data where a group of participants discuss a topic of interest, guided by a moderator, face-to-face or virtually. Key feature is the interaction among members of the group

  • A method of data collection consisting of a series of open-ended questions that participants write responses to

  • A form of analysis which has the theme as its unit of analysis and which looks across data from many different sources to identify themes

Explanation

Question 17 of 26

1

Focus groups involve:

Select one of the following:

  • A method of collecting data where a group of participants discuss a topic of interest, guided by a moderator, face-to-face or virtually. Key feature is the interaction among members of the group

  • A one-to-one method of collecting data where a participant responses to a researchers question, traditionally conducted in person but can be conducted virtually

  • A short hypothetical scenario presented to participants, often in a series of stages, after which they answer a series of open-ended questions relating to it

  • A method of data collection consisting of a series of open-ended questions that participants write responses to

Explanation

Question 18 of 26

1

Define thematic analysis:

Select one of the following:

  • A form of analysis which has the theme as its unit of analysis and which looks across data from many different sources to identify themes

  • An approach to qualitative research concerned with understanding experiences of the person in context; prioritising participant experiences and interpretations of them

  • A qualitative methodology which offers a way of developing theory grounded in data. The theory evolves throughout process of research, data analysis and collection. Often using 'lite' without full theory-development

  • A cluster of forms of qualitative analysis that centre on the detailed examination of patterns of meaning within texts, and the effects of particular patterns of meaning. Theoretically underpinned by idea that language creates meaning and reality, rather than reflecting it

Explanation

Question 19 of 26

1

Define Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis:

Select one of the following:

  • An approach to qualitative research concerned with understanding experiences of the person in context; prioritising participant experiences and interpretations of them

  • A form of analysis which has the theme as its unit of analysis and which looks across data from many different sources to identify themes

  • A qualitative methodology which offers a way of developing theory grounded in data. The theory evolves throughout process of research, data analysis and collection. Often using 'lite' without full theory-development

  • A cluster of forms of qualitative analysis that centre on the detailed examination of patterns of meaning within texts, and the effects of particular patterns of meaning. Theoretically underpinned by idea that language creates meaning and reality, rather than reflecting it

Explanation

Question 20 of 26

1

Define Grounded Theory:

Select one of the following:

  • A qualitative methodology which offers a way of developing theory grounded in data. The theory evolves throughout process of research, data analysis and collection. Often using 'lite' without full theory-development

  • A form of qualitative analysis that attempts to describe the orderliness, structure and sequential patterns of interaction in everyday conversation or formal talk

  • Using two or more data sources, methods or researchers to try to gain a fuller or multi-faceted understanding of a topic

  • An approach to qualitative research concerned with understanding experiences of the person in context; prioritising participant experiences and interpretations of them

Explanation

Question 21 of 26

1

Define discourse analysis:

Select one of the following:

  • A cluster of forms of qualitative analysis that centre on the detailed examination of patterns of meaning within texts, and the effects of particular patterns of meaning. Theoretically underpinned by idea that language creates meaning and reality, rather than reflecting it

  • A form of qualitative analysis that attempts to describe the orderliness, structure and sequential patterns of interaction in everyday conversation or formal talk

  • A form of analysis which has the theme as its unit of analysis and which looks across data from many different sources to identify themes

  • A method of data collection where participants are given the start of a story and asked to complete or continue it

Explanation

Question 22 of 26

1

Define conversation analysis:

Select one of the following:

  • A form of qualitative analysis that attempts to describe the orderliness, structure and sequential patterns of interaction in everyday conversation or formal talk

  • A cluster of forms of qualitative analysis that centre on the detailed examination of patterns of meaning within texts, and the effects of particular patterns of meaning. Theoretically underpinned by idea that language creates meaning and reality, rather than reflecting it

  • A qualitative methodology which offers a way of developing theory grounded in data. The theory evolves throughout process of research, data analysis and collection. Often using 'lite' without full theory-development

  • Using two or more data sources, methods or researchers to try to gain a fuller or multi-faceted understanding of a topic

Explanation

Question 23 of 26

1

Define triangulation:

Select one of the following:

  • Using two or more data sources, methods or researchers to try to gain a fuller or multi-faceted understanding of a topic

  • Practice of checking your analysis with your participants to ensure it does not misrepresent their experiences; often treated as a form of validation

  • A form of analysis which has the theme as its unit of analysis and which looks across data from many different sources to identify themes

  • The extent to which qualitative research results can be transferred to other groups of people or contexts

Explanation

Question 24 of 26

1

Define member checking:

Select one of the following:

  • Practice of checking your analysis with your participants to ensure it does not misrepresent their experiences; often treated as a form of validation

  • Using two or more data sources, methods or researchers to try to gain a fuller or multi-faceted understanding of a topic

  • The extent to which qualitative research results can be transferred to other groups of people or contexts

  • The process of examining data, identifying and noting aspects that relate to your research question

Explanation

Question 25 of 26

1

Define transferability:

Select one of the following:

  • The extent to which qualitative research results can be transferred to other groups of people or contexts

  • The process of examining data, identifying and noting aspects that relate to your research question

  • Practice of checking your analysis with your participants to ensure it does not misrepresent their experiences; often treated as a form of validation

  • A theoretical approach informing some qualitative research, which assumes that meaning is related to the context in which it is produced

Explanation

Question 26 of 26

1

Define coding:

Select one of the following:

  • The process of examining data, identifying and noting aspects that relate to your research question

  • A method of data collection consisting of a series of open-ended questions that participants write responses to

  • Practice of checking your analysis with your participants to ensure it does not misrepresent their experiences; often treated as a form of validation

  • Critical reflection on the research, both as process and as practice, on one's own role as researcher and on one's relation to knowledge, acknowledging the researchers role in the production of knowledge and way in which their assumptions may have shaped the collection and analysis of their data

Explanation

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