Test 4

1

The anode's function is to accelerate electrons and then stop them

1

What produces the electrons and what stops them?

1

What are 2 types of x-rays?

1

Which of the following happens during characteristic x-ray production

1

Which of the following happens during Bremsstrahlung x-ray production

1

x-ray production efficiency:
@100 kVp, less than ( 1, 0.5, 2, 4 )% of energy turns into x-rays
@60 kVp, less than ( 0.5, 1, 0.25, 2 )% of energy turns into x-rays

1

mAs affects the ( quantity, quality ) and kVp affects the ( quality, quantity ) of x-rays in the spectrum

1

Increase filtration, ( increase, decrease ) energy, ( decrease, increase ) quantity

1

Filtration affects quality and quantity of x-rays in the spectrum

1

Gray (Gy): (( rad, rem )) ( absorbed dose, equivalent dose )
Sievert (Sv): (( rem, rad )) ( equivalent dose, absorbed dose )

1

Double the mA you ( double, half ) the dose of radiation

1

If kVp increases 15% then mAs ( decreases, increases ) by 50%
If kVp is decreased by 15% then mAs ( doubles, is halved )

1

Doubling the SID ( increases, decreases ) the intensity by 1/4

1

Adding filtration improves ( quality, quantity ) and decreases ( quantity, quality )

1

Adding more filtration increases contrast

1

Classical scatter: ( unmodified, modified ) or ( coherent, incoherent )
Compton scatter: ( modified, unmodified ) or ( incoherent, coherent )

1

What type of scatter happens at low energy?

1

Photoelectric effect is characteristic radiation

1

What type of scatter occurs when an electron receives too much energy and is kicked out from its orbiting shell

1

Compton occurs in the inner shells

1

During Compton scatter, the greater the angle the incident photon is scattered, the ( lower, higher ) its energy

1

Phototrasmutation or photodisintegration, a photon will interact with an atom and outputs neutron, proton or alpha particle which will change the properties of the atom

1

Pair production demonstrates the law of conservation of energy

1

Effects of ionizing radiation
❌: free radials; turns diamonds green in reactors
❌: causes certain materials to give off light
❌: exposes film
❌: burn skin, cause genetic changes
❌: converts to light in certain chemicals when heated

Chemical

Excitation

Luminescence

Phosphorescence

Photographic

Physiologic

Psychologic

Thermoluminescence

1

What part of the image intensifier should not reflect, refract or bend light?

1

Csl does what?

1

ZnCdS does what?

1

Label the image intensifier flow chart

x-ray

electrons

light

input phosphor

photocathode

output phosphor

Csl

Sb-Cs

ZnCdS

input window

output window

1

The photocathode is positively charged

1

During each phase from photon entry to light output, the signal grows ( larger, smaller )

1

What is the technique for mA when used for fluoroscopy?

1

What is the technique for kVp when used for fluoroscopy?

1

The smaller the input the ( bigger, smaller ) the image in the end

1

Which magnification field will show the biggest image?

1

Having the focal point further back will do what to the image?

1

What happens during magnification?

1

( Brightness gain, Gain ): system's ability to illuminate the image
( Gain, Brightness gain ): the ability of an amplifier to increase the power of input signals