What are the symbols for: a) calcium, b) carbon, c) sodium?

Which element's properties are more similar to magnesium's: calcium or iron?

Describe how you would work out the electronic structure of an atom given its atomic number.

Describe the process of ionic bonding.

What is covalent bonding?

Write down the symbol equation showing the thermal decomposition of limestone.

What products are produced when limestone reacts with an acid?

What is calcium hydroxide used for?

Name three building materials made from limestone.

What's the definition of an ore?

Explain why zinc can be extracted by reduction with carbon but magnesium can't.

Give a reason why aluminium is an expensive metal.

What is electrolysis?

Describe the process of purifying copper using electrolysis.

Describe how scrap iron is used to displace copper from solution.

What is the name of the method where plants are used to extract metals from soil?

Give three reasons why it's good to recycle metal.

Give three properties of metals.

Briefly describe two problems with metals.

What is the problem with using a) iron straight from the blast furnace b) very pure iron?

Give two examples of alloys and say what's in them.

What does crude oil consist of? What does fractional distillation do?

What's the general formula for an alkane?

Is a short-chain hydrocarbon more viscous than a long-chain hydrocarbon? Is it more volatile?

Name three pollutants released into the atmosphere when fuels are burned. What environmental problems are associated with each?

List three ways of reducing acid rain.

Has the theory of global dimming being proven?

List three alternative ways of powering cars. What are the pros and cons of each?

What is "cracking" Why is it done?

Give a typical example of a substance that is cracked, and the products that you get from cracking it.

What kind of carbon-carbon bond do alkenes have?

What is the general formula for alkenes?

When ethene is hydrated with steam, what substance is formed?

What are polymers? What kinds of substances can form polymers?

Give two factors which affect the physical properties of a polymer.

List four uses of polymers.

Why might polymers be more expensive in the future?

Why do some oils need to be distilled after they have been extracted?

List two advantages of cooking with oil.

Apart from cooking, list a use of vegetable oils.

What kind of carbon-carbon bond do unsaturated oils contain?

What happens when you react unsaturated oils with hydrogen?

Why do some foods contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oil instead of butter?

What is an emulsion? Give an example.

How do emulsifiers keep emulsions stable?

Suggest one problem of adding emulsifiers to food.

Give one reason why Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift wasn't accepted for a long time.

What can be found beneath the Earth's crust?

Why can't scientists accurately predict volcanoes and earthquakes?

Name the two main gases that make up the Earth's atmosphere today.

Explain why today's atmosphere is different from the Earth's atmosphere.

What is meant by primordial soup?

Why do we fractionally distil air?

The burning of fossil fuels is causing a rise in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. How is this affecting the oceans and the climate?