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Newlands and then Mendeleev attempted to...
It's called a periodic table because...
The early periodic table was incomplete and some elements were placed in inappropriate groups if the strict order of atomic weight was followed. Mendeleev did what to solve this?
What discovery changed how the periodic table was constructed?
The modern periodic table can also be seen as an arrangement of the elements in terms of?
Group 1 metals have:
- a low density
- react with ____ to form ionic compounds that form a metal ion (with +1 charge)
- The compounds are _____ solids which form _____ solutions in water
- They react with ___ to form hydrogen
- Form _____ that dissolve in water to give ____ solutions
In Group 1 the further down an element is ...? (2 points)
The ____ its melting and boiling point.
Compared with G1 elements, transitions metals are:
Transitions metals are much less reactive and don't react that vigorously with oxygen and water as G1 elements
True or False?
Sing the 3 further praises of the transition metals
Elements in Group 7 (halogens) react with ______ to form IONIC compounds in which the ____ ion carries a charge of ___
In Group 7 the further down you go:
A ___ reactive halogen can displace a ___ reactive halogen in an ___ solution of its salt
Trends in reactivity in the periodic table can be explained cause the higher the energy level, the less easily...
Name some commercial water softeners and advantages/disadvantages
Soft water readily forms a lather with soap. Hard water reacts with soap to form ____ so more soap is needed to form lather. _____ detergents do not form scum.
Temporary hard water is softened by boiling.
Permanent hard water remains hard when boiled.
TRUE OR FALSE?
Temporary hard water contains HCO3- ions (hydrogencarbonate) which ____ on heating into _____ ions. These react with calcium or magnesium ions to form _____.
Using hard water can ____ costs and temporary hard water can reduce the _____ of kettles and heating systems because it produces ____ when heated
Hard water can be softened by:
1) adding sodium carbonate (washing soda) - ____ with calcium or magnesium ions to form ______
2) ion exchange resins which contain ____ or sodium ions which replace the calcium and magnesium ions
Water of the correct quality is produced by? Human beings need water of the correct quality for LIFE which has sufficiently low levels of _____
Water filters containing carbon, silver and ion exchange resins can...
Arguments for adding fluoride to water
Arguments against adding fluoride
The relative amounts of energy released when substances ___ can be measured by what?
What can this method be used to compare?
How can we calculate the amount of energy released or absorbed by a chemical reaction in solution? What type of reactions can you use this method for?
Describe the energy level diagrams for exothermic and endothermic. How would you change it if you had to add activation energy?
In a chemical reaction energy must be supplied to ___ bonds and is released to ____ bonds. How do you calculate ΔH?
Energy released to form bonds is greater than energy needed to break existing bonds in an EXOTHERMIC reaction
Energy needed to break existing bonds is greater than energy released to form new ones
True or false?
Energy level diagram for catalyst
Hydrogen can be ___ as a fuel in combustion ____. It can also be used in _____ that produce electricity to power vehicles.
The equation for hydrogen combustion:
Flames test are used to identify ____.
The metals that can be identified with these are ____.
Describe the flame colour for each.
Name the ions that form white precipitates with SODIUM HYDROXIDE ions
Of them, ____ precipitate dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide solution
Copper(II), iron(II) and iron(III)
What precipitates do they form with sodium hydroxide solution?
Carbonates react with dilute ___ to form ______ turning limewater cloudy because of the calcium carbonate white precipitate.
Halide ions in solution produce ____ with ___ nitrate solution in the presence of dilute ____ acid.
The ions and their precipitate colours are...?
Sulfate ions in solution produce a white precipitate with barium chloride solution in the presence of dilute HYDROCHLORIC ACID
TRUE OR FALSE?
Describe a titration
The raw materials for the Haber process are
The ___ gases are passed over ____ of __ at a high temperature (about ___*C) and a high pressure (about ___ atmospheres)
What's the word equation?
The ammonia ____ and is removed on c___. The remaining hydrogen and ____ are ____.
When a reversible reaction occurs in a closed system when is equilibrium reached
The relative amounts of all the reacting substances at equilibrium depend on the conditions of the ___
If the temperature is raised how is the yield in endo/exo reactions affected?
If the temperature is lowered, yield from the endothermic reaction DECREASES and yield from the exothermic reaction INCREASES
true or false
In ____ reactions,
an increase in pressure will favour the reaction that produces the least number of ____ as shown by the symbol equation
Importance of equilibrium in Haber process
Social and economic pros and cons of uses of alcohols
Same as last flashcard but for carboxylic acids and esters
Methanol, ethanol and propanol
Ethanol can be oxidised to ___ by chemical oxidising agents or microbial action. Ethanoic acid is the main acid in ____.
Carboxylic acids
Esters (like ethyl ethanoate)
Functional group?
Uses?
Social, environmental, economic consequences of using fuels
