I know why light microscopes and electron microscopes are useful when studying cells.

I can carry out simple magnification calculations.

I can explain why the development of modern microscopes has enabled us to see cells with more clarity and detail.

I can name the main components in plant and animal cells.

I can describe the functions of each cell component.

I can explain the role of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

I know what a gene is and describe the basic structure of DNA.

I can describe the structure of a DNA.

I know how DNA can be extracted.

I can explain what we mean by complementary base pairing.

I know that the work of Scientists Watson, Crick, Franklin and Wilkins helped discover the structure of DNA

I can evaluate the roles of Watson, Crick, Franklin and Wilkins in the discovery.

I understand what the Human Genome Project process was.

I can evaluate the implications of the Human Genome Project.

I understand what we mean by genetic engineering.

I can describe the stages of the genetic engineering technique on bacteria.

I know what a plasmid is.

I can discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using genetically engineered insulin.

I understand why it is sensible to have only bacteria with modified plasmids in the fermenter.

I can state some uses of genetically modified crops and know some issues associated with them.

I can evaluate the use of herbicide resistant crops.

I can discuss the advantages and disadvantages of golden rice.

I know that mitosis results in two daughter cells identical to the parent cells, and that it is used for growth repair and asexual reproduction.

I can describe the process of mitosis. (Image)

I can describe the process of mitosis.

I can describe the process of meiosis.

I can define haploid and diploid.

I can recall that at fertilisation haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote.

I can recall what meiosis produces.

I can compare mitosis and meiosis.

I know how mitosis affects the body.

I know what n and 2n mean.

I know what the Hayflick limit is.

I can describe how plants are cloned using cuttings.

I can describe how embryo transplants are used.

I can discuss the advantages, disadvantages and risks of cloning.

I can explain each stage of production of a cloned animal.

I know what it means that stem cells can differentiate.

I can recall how a stem cell matures.

I understand why scientists are exited about the prospects of stem cells.

I know the definitions of an adult and embryonic stem cell.

I can describe how stem cell therapy could be used.

I understand the process of therapeutic cloning.

I can evaluate the use of stem cell therapy.

I understand that each protein has its own specific sequence of amino acids, resulting in different shaped molecules and that the order of bases in a gene decides the order of amino acids in a protein.

I can describe why the order of bases in a gene decides the shape and function of the protein.

I can explain the process of protein synthesis

I can explain what a mutation is.

I can describe how mutations can be harmful, beneficial or neither.

I know that enzymes are biological catalysts and can state what conditions affect their activity.

I can use the lock and key hypothesis.

I can explain why a change in conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme.

I can explain the role of enzymes in DNA replication.

I can explain the role of enzymes in protein synthesis.

I understand the effect of competitive inhibitor.