1. Write the problem to be solved on one side of the workspace (known as the effect), then draw the backbone of the fish

2. Decide how to categorise the causes

Manufacturing industry usually uses:

Services industry usually uses the same categories but:

Remove:
- Machine
- Method
Replace with:
- Policies (High level decisions and rules)
- Procedures (Specific tasks)

3. Group potential causes into categories and sub categories

Sub categories can come from

4. Quantify the relationship between the primary root causes and the effect