Chapter 9: The Achievements of Feudalism

Wandering raiders from Scandinavia:

The system of local authority by which strong or powerful men were given control of a region by its inhabitants in return for protection and loyalty:

One who swears an oath of loyalty and support to a lord:

One who takes an oath from another and gives him protection and gifts in return:

The land granted to a vassal in return for his service:

A man admitted to the fighting class as a mounted master of arms:

The house and farm of a landlord and the center of a medieval community:

An organization of merchants or craftsmen formed to protect their craft or business:

A servant bound to the place of his birth and obligated to work for the landowner:

Charlemagne's only surviving son, who divided the Frankish Empire between his four sons, thus causing civil war between himself and his sons:

The Norwegian Viking who received Normandy from the king of the Franks in Gaul:

Swedish Viking who settled in Russia and founded a kingdom around Novgorod:

The act of dividing into parts or shares:

A province on the boundaries of a kingdom:

The ruler of a march (in English):

A high rise of land extending out into a body of water:

Located on our near the sea; concerned with shipping and navigation: