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BHCS001 Basic Immunity, bacterial & viral structure (1-3)

Description

Basic infection, immunity & therapeutics. Bacterial & viral structure and function Bacterial & viral human pathogens & life cycles
Max Tuggle
Quiz by Max Tuggle, updated more than 1 year ago
Max Tuggle
Created by Max Tuggle over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Mark the common feature between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Answer
  • Shape of DNA
  • Number of chromosomes
  • A prokaryotic cell is similar to a eukaryotic organelle
  • Cell wall
  • Peptidoglycan

Question 2

Question
The largest bacteria which can be visible by unaided eye is_______
Answer
  • Thiomargarita namibiensis
  • Lactobacillus
  • Mycoplasma
  • Pseudomonas

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is NOT bacteria?
Answer
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Mitochondrion
  • Chloroplast
  • Methanogens
  • Hyperthermophiles

Question 4

Question
Peptidoglycan
Answer
  • Bacteria and gives energy to cell
  • Archaea and gives energy to cell
  • Bacteria and gives strength to structure
  • Archaea and gives strength to structure
  • Bacteria and assists with growth

Question 5

Question
Which of the following is NOT the basic shape of the bacteria?
Answer
  • Rod shape
  • Square shape
  • Comma shape
  • Spiral shape

Question 6

Question
Which of the following organisms have thick peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
Answer
  • Gram-negative bacteria
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Yeast
  • Moulds
  • Prion

Question 7

Question
Each of the following statements concerning the Gram stain is correct except:
Answer
  • Escherichia coli stains pink because it has a thin peptidoglycan layer
  • Streptococcus pyogens stains blue because it has a thick peptidoglycan layer
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not visible in the Gram’s stain because it does not have a cell wall
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis stains blue because it has a thick lipid layer
  • Escherichia coli stains pink because it has a thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 8

Question
Which among the following are produced by microorganisms?
Answer
  • Fermented dairy products
  • Breads
  • Alcoholic beverages
  • All of the above

Question 9

Question
Type strain is used for referring to?
Answer
  • Species
  • Genus
  • Family
  • Division

Question 10

Question
The correct order of taxonomic groups from higher to lower rank is?
Answer
  • Kingdom—Order—Class—Family
  • Order—Class—Division—Family—Genus—Species
  • Kingdom—Order—Division—Family—Class—Genus—Species
  • Kingdom—Division—Class—Order—Family—Genus—Species
  • Order—genus—Class—Family—Division—Kingdom

Question 11

Question
What are ribosomes composed of?
Answer
  • Proteins
  • Proteins and DNA
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Proteins and RNA

Question 12

Question
What is the correct order of staining reagents in Gram-Staining?
Answer
  • Crystal violet, alcohol, iodine solution, safranin
  • Crystal violet, iodine solution, safranin, alcohol
  • Crystal violet, iodine solution, alcohol, safranin
  • Crystal violet, safranin, alcohol, iodine solution
  • Iodine solution, crystal violet, alcohol, safranin

Question 13

Question
Which bacteria appears purple-violet colour after staining?
Answer
  • Gram-positive
  • Gram-negative
  • Niether
  • Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative
  • Neither Gram-positive nor Gram-negative

Question 14

Question
Which of the following are true for Gram-negative bacteria?
Answer
  • Upon alcohol treatment, the permeability of the cell wall increases
  • Crystal violet-iodine (CV-I) complex is extracted
  • Pore size decreases and the CV-I complex cannot be extracted
  • Alcohol treatment increases the permeability of the cell wall and the CV-I complex can be extracted
  • Upon alcohol treatment, the permeability of the cell wall decreases

Question 15

Question
Which of the staining technique helps in demonstrating spore structure in bacteria as well as free spores?
Answer
  • Acid-fast stain
  • Endospore stain
  • Capsule stain
  • Flagella stain
  • Blood stain

Question 16

Question
In Gram-staining, iodine is used as a______________
Answer
  • Fixative
  • Mordant
  • Solubilizer
  • unsolubilizer
  • Stain

Question 17

Question
Which of the following is the example of Gram-negative bacteria?
Answer
  • Lactobacillus
  • Eschericia coli
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Bacillus subtilis

Question 18

Question
Peptidoglycan layer is present in large quantity in?
Answer
  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Gram-negative bacteria
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Archaea

Question 19

Question
The outer membarane of the Gram-negative cell wall is anchored to the underlying peptidoglycan by means of which of the following?
Answer
  • Braun’s Lipoprotein
  • Sugars
  • Phospholipids
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • Proteins

Question 20

Question
The organisms which can use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors are known as _________
Answer
  • Chemotrophs
  • Euryarchaeota
  • Organotrophs
  • Lithotrophs
  • Phototrophs

Question 21

Question
The organisms which obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donor are ________
Answer
  • Eukaryotes
  • Lichen
  • Crenarchaeota
  • Virus
  • Chemotrophs

Question 22

Question
Autotrophs are consumers. E.g. dogs, birds, fish and humans.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Halophiles thrive in high salt conditions
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Psychrophiles thrive in high temperatures.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
What is the conversion of carbon-containing molecules and nutrients into organic matter and uses oxidation of inorganic compounds as a source of energy?
Answer
  • Endocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Protozoa
  • Binary Fission
  • Chemosythesis

Question 26

Question
Archaea are prokaryotes.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Which of the following are functions of water in the culture medium?
Answer
  • Nutrients must be in aqueous solution
  • Stable pH level
  • Cofactor of enzymes
  • Provides resistance to sudden transient temperature changes
  • It is a chemical reactant, nutrients must also be present in aqueous solution and provides resistance to sudden temperature changes.

Question 28

Question
Which of the following instrument is used for sterilizing the media after it has been prepared?
Answer
  • Autoclave
  • Distilled water
  • Laminar Air Flow Chamber
  • Inoculum Needle
  • Incubator

Question 29

Question
Colony formation can be observed in liquid media broth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
The temperature that allows for most rapid growth during a short period of time is known as __________.
Answer
  • Minimum Temperature
  • Optimum Temperature
  • Medium Temperature
  • Growth Temperature
  • Maximum Temperature

Question 31

Question
Mesophiles are group of bacteria that grow within the temperature range of?
Answer
  • Less than 0 degree Celsius
  • 0-20 degree Celsius
  • 25-40 degree Celsius
  • 45-60 degree Celsius
  • More than 60 degree Celsius

Question 32

Question
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is which type of bacteria?
Answer
  • Psychrophile
  • Mesophile
  • Thermophile
  • Mesophile and psychrophile
  • Neutrophile

Question 33

Question
Microaerophilic bacteria require low levels of oxygen for growth.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Which of the following is a function of phosphates used in the preparation of media?
Answer
  • They act as buffer
  • Nothing
  • Source of phosphorous
  • Act as “reserve alkali”
  • They act as buffer and is a source of phosphorous

Question 35

Question
The optimum pH for the growth of most bacteria lies between_______
Answer
  • 5 - 9
  • 6.5 - 7.5
  • 2 - 3.5
  • 9 - 9.5
  • 4 - 5

Question 36

Question
Growth of bacteria or microorganisms refer to __________________.
Answer
  • Glucose cello-logy
  • An increase in the size of an individual organism
  • An increase in the mass of an individual organism
  • Changes in the total population
  • An increase in number of cells

Question 37

Question
Transverse binary fission requires the formation of a crosswall(septum).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
The synthesis of new membrane material during reproduction in Gram-positive cells is performed by which of the following organelles?
Answer
  • Nucleus
  • Mesosome
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Cytoplasmic membrane
  • Ribosome

Question 39

Question
When septum formation occurs near the pole of cell then it results in the formation of daughter cell known as _________
Answer
  • Microcell
  • Macrocell
  • Minicell
  • Daughter cell
  • New cell

Question 40

Question
Which of the following does not occur during binary fission in bacteria?
Answer
  • Chromosome separation
  • Cell elongation
  • Cytokinesis
  • DNA duplication
  • Spindle formation

Question 41

Question
The portion of the growth curve where a rapid growth of bacteria is observed is known as ____________
Answer
  • Lag phase
  • Logarithmic phase
  • Stationary phase
  • Decline phase
  • Improvement phase

Question 42

Question
Lag phase is also known as ___________
Answer
  • Period of initial adjustment
  • Transitional period
  • Generation time
  • Period of rapid growth
  • Pausing

Question 43

Question
In which of the following phase secondary metabolites are produced during growth?
Answer
  • Lag phase
  • Log/Exponential phase
  • Stationary phase
  • Death phase

Question 44

Question
Which of the following is an indirect method for measuring bacterial growth?
Answer
  • Cell count
  • Cell mass
  • Cell activity
  • Both Cell mass and Cell activity
  • Cell size

Question 45

Question
Isolation of pure culture refers to ___________
Answer
  • Purification of culture
  • Trapping all microorganisms
  • Introduction of inoculum
  • Separation of a single colony
  • To grow microorganisms on a surface

Question 46

Question
Enrichment media allows the growth of a large number of varied bacterial species
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
A large cluster of colonies are obtained in streak plate method.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
The respiratory chain of bacteria is associated with the _____________
Answer
  • Mitochondrial membrane
  • Cytoplasmic membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosome

Question 49

Question
Safranin will stain bacterial cells blue
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
Cocci is spherical shaped.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
Protozoa is colourless
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
What does protozoa use to obtain nutrients?
Answer
  • Osmosis
  • Photosynthesis
  • Chemosynthesis
  • Phagocytosis
  • Passive transport

Question 53

Question
Fungi have a cell wall
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 54

Question
Viruses of bacteria that can kill and lyse the bacteria they infect are called _________
Answer
  • Lichen
  • Infections
  • Vaccination
  • Anti-microphile
  • Bacteriophage

Question 55

Question
Protozoa are eukaryotes
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
Whats made up of single types of protein subunits stacked around a central axis. (E.g. Tobacco mosaic virus.)
Answer
  • Polyhedral
  • Helical
  • Complex
  • Envelop
  • Spherical

Question 57

Question
What virus has a tail?
Answer
  • Helical
  • Polyhedral
  • Complex
  • Envelop
  • Spherical

Question 58

Question
Adenovirus is an _______
Answer
  • Helical
  • Polyhedral
  • Complex
  • Envelop
  • Spherical

Question 59

Question
Viruses are unicellular
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 60

Question
Protein synthesis occurs in the Influenza life cycle.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 61

Question
Acidophile
Answer
  • pH 5 or below
  • pH 6 - 8
  • pH 9+

Question 62

Question
What cannot grow in the presence of oxygen
Answer
  • Strict aerobe
  • Strict anaerobe
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Aero-tolerent anaerobes
  • Micro-aerophile

Question 63

Question
What grows better in the presence of oxygen, but will grow without it?
Answer
  • Strict aerobe
  • Strict anaerobe
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Aero-Tolerant anaerobes
  • Micro-aerophile

Question 64

Question
What depends on oxygen to grow
Answer
  • Strict aerobe
  • Strict anaerobe
  • Facultative anaerobes
  • Aero-Tolerant anaerobes
  • Micro-aerophile

Question 65

Question
Gram negative bacteria...... Which statement is wrong?
Answer
  • 10% of cell wall is peptidoglycan
  • Contains teichoic acid
  • No outer membrane
  • Does not retain crystal violet
  • High lipid/lipoprotein content

Question 66

Question
Gram postive bacteria.... Which answer is wrong?
Answer
  • 90% of cell wall is peptidoglycan
  • Contains teichoic
  • High lipid/lipoprotein content
  • Retains crystal violet
  • Has outer membrane

Question 67

Question
The function of bacteria capsule is to _________
Answer
  • Link amino acids together in the order specified by mRNA.
  • Assit in attaching to other cells and surfaces.
  • Help bacteria move towards nutrients and away from toxic chemicals.
  • Keep bacterium from drying out and protects from phagocytosis.
  • Regulate passage of substances in and out of cell.

Question 68

Question
The function of bacteria pilli is to _________
Answer
  • Link amino acids together in the order specified by mRNA.
  • Assit in attaching to other cells and surfaces.
  • Help bacteria move towards nutrients and away from toxic chemicals.
  • Keep bacterium from drying out and protects from phagocytosis.
  • Regulate passage of substances in and out of cell.

Question 69

Question
Bacterial life cycle is an asexual process
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 70

Question
Lysozymes in tears kills ________.
Answer
  • Infection
  • Viruses
  • Moulds
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Gram-negative bacteria

Question 71

Question
Influenze virus is polyhedral
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 72

Question
Adenovirus is polyhedral.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 73

Question
Bacteria from a pure culture which is used to start a new culture is called __________?
Answer
  • Spreading
  • Agar
  • Gram negative
  • Gram postive
  • Inoculum

Question 74

Question
Enveloped viruses are less sensitive to drying/heating conditions rather than naked capsid viruses.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 75

Question
The naked capsid virus is more hostile compared to the enveloped virus due to it breaking down the cell membrane through lysis.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 76

Question
In the virus life cycle, an active, intracellular stage is called the __________ stage.
Answer
  • Metabolic
  • Infectious
  • Log
  • Attachment
  • Biosynthesis

Question 77

Question
The area of no growth is what we call a ____________
Answer
  • Viral plaque
  • Complex
  • Plaque assay
  • Inoculum
  • Spec

Question 78

Question
Where would you find a prophage?
Answer
  • Virus life cycle
  • Lytic life cycle
  • Lysogenic life cycle
  • Bacterial life cycle
  • Food life cycle

Question 79

Question
Another word for lytic is [blank_start]virulent[blank_end]
Answer
  • virulent

Question 80

Question
Another word for lysogenic is [blank_start]temperate[blank_end].
Answer
  • temperate
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