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Psyc quiz

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Psychology
katelynbennett27
Quiz by katelynbennett27, updated more than 1 year ago
katelynbennett27
Created by katelynbennett27 almost 10 years ago
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Question 1

Question
If an experiment has a correlation coefficient of -92, this means that when one variable decreases, the other variable:
Answer
  • Increases
  • Stays the same
  • Decreases
  • There is no correlation if the number is less than 0

Question 2

Question
Upon conducting a study and entering the data into a statistical analysis program on the computer, Lucy finds that she has a very large standard deviation. Lucy can conclude that the scores in his data set are:
Answer
  • very different from one another
  • very similar to one another
  • statistically significant
  • not valid and should be discarded

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is necessary for a well-controlled experiment?
Answer
  • manipulation of an independent variable
  • random assignment of participants
  • extraneous variables controlled
  • All of the above

Question 4

Question
A study shows that as the number of ice cream vans in a town increased, the rate of crime also increases. Which statement below is TRUE regarding the study’s findings?
Answer
  • They are descriptive. The experimenter is just explaining the types of vehicles and the level of crime in a town.
  • They are correlational. The two variables might be caused by a third variable.
  • They are false. The number of ice cream vans would decrease the rate of crime.
  • They are experimental. If you built more churches in a town, there would be more violence.

Question 5

Question
If a study was repeated multiple times, and very similar results were obtained each time, what could we conclude from our results?
Answer
  • Our study is reliable
  • Our study is valid.
  • Both a) & b).
  • We could draw any conclusion.

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is TRUE about correlational studies?
Answer
  • They are not a reliable way to make predictions about variables with regard to one another
  • No variables are manipulated
  • Cause and effect are determined.
  • Several variables are manipulated.

Question 7

Question
Pip performs analysis on her data set and discovers that she has a correlation of +.60. How strong should she state this correlation is (remember that this is referring to psychological research)?
Answer
  • small
  • moderate
  • large
  • Not enough information given to tell how strong it is

Question 8

Question
Which of these is the correct order for Freud’s psychosexual stages?
Answer
  • oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
  • oral, anal, phallic, genital, latency
  • oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency
  • oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital

Question 9

Question
What developmental period does a human go through from approximately 6 -11?
Answer
  • prenatal
  • early childhood
  • middle childhood
  • adolescence

Question 10

Question
We can separate developmental models into either:
Answer
  • staged or unstaged.
  • cognitive or neurological.
  • continuous or discontinuous.
  • psychosexual or psychosocial.

Question 11

Question
Freud’s phallic stage can be viewed as relating to which of Erikson’s stages?
Answer
  • basic trust vs. mistrust
  • intimacy vs. isolation
  • initiative vs. guilt

Question 12

Question
Which conflict does Erikson suggest those in middle childhood are trying are trying to resolve?
Answer
  • initiative vs. guilt
  • industry vs. inferiority
  • intimacy vs. isolation
  • autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 13

Question
What is the alternative to the conflict of ‘generativity’?
Answer
  • industry
  • inferiority
  • stagnation
  • despair

Question 14

Question
Which of the following is a commonly cited limitation of Piaget's developmental theory?
Answer
  • He offered no research data to support his theory
  • The popularity of his theory constricted and limited the range of research from other theoretical perspectives.
  • He overestimated the importance of age differences in children's ways of thinking
  • He wrongly suggested that children actively promote their own mental development.

Question 15

Question
In a typical test of theory of mind understanding, a child sees a doll, Maxi, put a candy bar in a blue cupboard. Then Maxi leaves the room and his mother comes in and moves the candy bar to a red cupboard. When Maxi returns to get his candy bar, the child is asked, “In which cupboard will Maxi look first?” What typically happens?
Answer
  • Most 3- and 4-year-olds will answer “in the blue cupboard.”
  • Most 3- and 4-year-olds will answer “in the red cupboard.
  • Most 3-year-olds will answer “in the red cupboard,” but most 4-year-olds will answer “in the blue cupboard.”
  • Most 3-year-olds will answer “in the blue cupboard,” but most 4-year-olds will answer “in the red cupboard.”

Question 16

Question
Suppose someone shakes a rattle in front of a delighted 4-month-old and then hides it under a pillow while the infant watches. According to Piaget, the infant is most likely to
Answer
  • look at the researcher, which suggests an understanding of cause and effect
  • transfer attention to the pillow, which suggests an undeveloped attention span
  • cry, which suggests an understanding of deprivation but an intolerance for frustration.
  • make no effort to find the object and even to lose interest in it, which suggests an inability to understand object permanence.

Question 17

Question
According to Kohlberg's stage theory of moral reasoning, reaching the higher stages requires
Answer
  • passing through all the lower stages.
  • an understanding of the writings of moral philosophers
  • an ability to understand the importance of altruism.
  • the ability to focus on feelings and not just cognitions.

Question 18

Question
According to Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, stage _____ focuses on consequences of punishment
Answer
  • 3
  • 5
  • 2
  • 1

Question 19

Question
Which of the following is not one of the levels in ecological systems theory?
Answer
  • Macrosystem
  • Endosystem
  • Exosystem
  • Microsystem

Question 20

Question
Tabitha is 15 and has not seen her father for 11 years. She lives in a community in which her single-parent, father-absent family structure is typical. If we were to predict based only on these facts, research might lead us to guess that Tabitha:
Answer
  • is more promiscuous than adolescents in intact homes.
  • will engage in sexual restraint longer than the average adolescent.
  • is highly morally committed to helping her community
  • will have a hard time developing a clear gender identity.

Question 21

Question
Which statement is most accurate regarding the period of adolescence?
Answer
  • The struggle between the parent and the teenager remains at the same level of conflict until the teenager move out of the home
  • Rebellion is more closely tied to physical changes in boys than to chronological age
  • If puberty comes earlier than is typical, there is more conflict between the parents and the teenager
  • The conflict between parents and teenager ends at around 18 years of age

Question 22

Question
Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the double standard in sexuality?
Answer
  • Males are praised for more sexual partners, while females are not
  • Females are praised for being nurturing and emotional, while men are considered to be weak if they demonstrate such qualities.
  • Males are more likely to not want their first sexual experience than females.
  • All three options above demonstrate the double standard

Question 23

Question
We tend to value the things we own more than identical things we don’t own. This endowment effect can be explained by
Answer
  • Prospect Theory
  • Expected Utility Theory
  • Both (A) and (B)
  • Status Quo Theory

Question 24

Question
Suppose you are flipping a coin. If you believe that the result is more likely to be HHTHTTH rather than HHHHHHT, you are using
Answer
  • representativeness heuristic
  • equal distribution heuristic
  • unbiased frequency heuristic.
  • availability heuristic

Question 25

Question
According to Prospect Theory:
Answer
  • a given difference between two options will have greater impact if it is viewed as a difference between two disadvantages than if it is viewed as a difference between two advantages.
  • utilities are evaluated with respect to a reference point.
  • we use psychological probability instead of objective probability in calculating utilities.
  • All of the above.

Question 26

Question
The wheel of fortune study by Tversky and Kahneman (1974) shows that:
Answer
  • anchoring effects can be attenuated by expertise.
  • anchoring effects can be attenuated when participants have been warned beforehand
  • an anchor does not have to be relevant to be effective
  • a self-generated anchor is as effective as a provided anchor.

Question 27

Question
The listing price study by Northcraft and Neale (1987) shows that:
Answer
  • only novices are affected by the anchoring effect
  • novices and experts are affected by the anchoring effect to the same degree.
  • self-generated anchors are not as effective as experimenter-provided anchors.
  • self-generated anchors are as effective as experimenter-provided anchors.

Question 28

Question
Which one of the following is one of the mechanisms proposed to account for the anchoring effect?
Answer
  • negative priming
  • magnitude priming
  • lack of knowledge
  • over adjustment to initial information

Question 29

Question
When people are asked to choose between “Winning $40 with probability of .40” versus “Winning $30 with probability of .50”, most of them prefer the former than the latter. However, when the probability doubles, i.e., “winning $40 with probability of .80” versus “Winning $30 with probability of 1.00”, most people prefer the latter. This phenomenon shows that:
Answer
  • people behave in the way predicted by Expected Value theory
  • people behave in the way predicted by Prospect Theory.
  • people behave in the way predicted by Expected Utilities theory.
  • None of the above; people are irrational

Question 30

Question
In the “Linda” example we talked about in class, many people consider it more likely that “Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement” than “Linda is a bank teller”. This is an example of:
Answer
  • status quo bias
  • retrievability failure.
  • gambler’s fallacy.
  • conjunction fallacy.

Question 31

Question
In the criterion study conducted by Chen and Kemp (2014), they show:
Answer
  • that participants showed a criterion effect when judges were experts
  • that participants showed a criterion effect when the criterion was randomly generated by a coin flipping
  • that it pays to be aggressive in promotion application.
  • All of the above

Question 32

Question
“Nothing in life is quite as important as you think it is while you are thinking about it” (Schkade & Kahneman, 1998). This sentence illustrates
Answer
  • the dilution illusion
  • the focusing illusion
  • the Ponzo illusion
  • the Gambler’s illusion.

Question 33

Question
If one group of participants has been primed with money (the money group) and the other group not (the control group), and you then give all the participants a series of scenarios similar to the following one: “You work as an office assistant for a department at a university. You’re alone in the office making copies and realize you’re out of copy paper at home. You therefore slip a ream of paper in your backpack.” In response to the question “how likely it is that you would engage in the behaviour described”, on the basis of previous research, what do you expect the results to be?
Answer
  • The money group indicates more willingness to engage in the behaviour described.
  • The money group indicates less willingness to engage in the behaviour described.
  • There is no difference between the two groups
  • There is no previous research on this topic, so there is no way to predict the results.

Question 34

Question
Having money is associated with:
Answer
  • more positive emotions
  • higher feelings of control
  • better cognitive functions.
  • All of the above

Question 35

Question
If an individual is exhibiting behaviour that seems odd to other people but that does not cause real distress or impairment of functioning, that person would:
Answer
  • be considered to have some sort of mental disorder
  • be considered to have a predisposition to a mental disorder
  • not be classified as having a mental disorder according to the standards set by the American Psychiatric Association.
  • be classified as having a schizophrenic disorder according to the standards set by the American Psychiatric Association.

Question 36

Question
The 1973 decision by the American Psychiatric Association to drop homosexuality from its list of mental disorders is an example of the:
Answer
  • role of culture in determining what is or is not a disorder.
  • influence of politicians on the scientific community.
  • identification of a culture-bound syndrome.
  • ow reliability of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 37

Question
The amount of stress needed to bring on a mental disorder:
Answer
  • remains constant as the predisposition to the disorder decreases.
  • remains constant as the predisposition to the disorder increases
  • increases as the predisposition to the disorder decreases.
  • increases as the predisposition to the disorder increases.

Question 38

Question
Martin Seligman’s evolutionary theory suggests that phobias are:
Answer
  • developed during childhood.
  • genetically innate in humans.
  • more common due to technology.
  • responses to realistic danger.

Question 39

Question
Ardena has drastic swings in her mood. Sometimes she feels extremely depressed and other times she feels very energetic and believes she has almost supernatural strength and abilities, which has led her into some serious misadventures. Which of the following would Ardena MOST likely be diagnosed with?
Answer
  • major depression
  • panic disorder
  • bipolar disorder
  • dissociative identity disorder

Question 40

Question
Daniel has had feelings of mild hopelessness, sadness, and despair for several years now. Daniel is MOST likely suffering from:
Answer
  • major depression
  • bipolar disorder I
  • bipolar disorder II.
  • dysthymia.

Question 41

Question
Which statement regarding generalized anxiety disorder is FALSE?
Answer
  • Generalized anxiety disorder is called generalized because it is not focused on one specific threat.
  • Generalized anxiety disorder is a common version of phobia in which the affected individual has generalized from the original stimulus to similar stimuli.
  • Frequent, unpredictable traumatic experiences in childhood can predispose a person to generalized anxiety disorder.
  • It is possible that generalized anxiety disorder could replace depression as the most common psychiatric diagnosis.

Question 42

Question
The sharply increased rate of generalized anxiety in modern Western cultures since the mid- twentieth century may be attributed to a(n)
Answer
  • societal obsession with academic performance and job success.
  • reduced stability in a typical person's life.
  • cultural tendency to believe that one's outcomes are controlled by factors like fate and chance more than by individual effort.
  • emphasis on individualism that characterizes most Western nations.

Question 43

Question
John has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He stares at the same painting for hours on end without moving. A clinician would most likely describe John's behavior as:
Answer
  • disorganization relativity.
  • catatonic stupor.
  • sensory adaptation.
  • neuronal shutdown.

Question 44

Question
Ryan describes frequently having no memory for chunks of time in his day. He may :
Answer
  • depersonalisation
  • derealisation
  • dissociation
  • dementia.

Question 45

Question
Research suggests that schizophrenia is associated with:
Answer
  • unusually high susceptibilities to hypnosis
  • breakdowns in defenses against anxiety
  • poor sustained attention
  • learned, pessimistic patterns of thinking.

Question 46

Question
Selena is a 24-year-old female who has decided to seek treatment at the request of her family for frequent mood swings. She reports that she has been engaging in reckless behaviours, such as unsafe sex and substance abuse. She has also recently been arrested for reckless driving. Selena often loses her temper when things do not turn out in her favour, at which she will then engage in self-injurious behaviour by cutting herself in order to relieve her frustrations. She also admits increasing suicidal ideologies. Selena would MOST likely be diagnosed with:
Answer
  • schizotypal personality disorder.
  • paranoid personality disorder
  • borderline personality disorder.
  • avoidant personality disorder

Question 47

Question
Philippe Pinel was a well-known leader in the reform of:
Answer
  • psychosurgery because it left patients with lifelong deficits in their ability to make plans and behave according to them
  • mental health institutions because they were overcrowded and understaffed
  • typical antipsychotic drugs because they often caused irreversible motor disturbances in patients called tardive dyskinesia
  • psychotherapy because many psychotherapists believed that their own approach was “right” and other approaches were “wrong.”

Question 48

Question
Which of these is NOT one of the three main categories of drugs that treat mental disorders?
Answer
  • antihysteric drugs
  • antipsychotic drugs
  • antidepressant drugs
  • antianxiety drugs

Question 49

Question
Which is FALSE regarding the group of anti-anxiety drugs belonging to the chemical class called benzodiazepines?
Answer
  • They cause drowsiness at higher doses
  • They produce no physical withdrawal symptoms
  • They cause a decline in motor coordination at higher doses
  • They interact with alcohol such that ingesting both can produce coma or death.

Question 50

Question
Which of these psychotherapy approaches focuses on the idea that people's ingrained, habitual ways of thinking affect their mood and behaviour?
Answer
  • humanistic approach
  • psychodynamic approach
  • behavioral approach
  • cognitive approach

Question 51

Question
Ross is a teenager who struggles with heroin and cocaine addiction. At the request of his parents, he starts attending a community drug rehabilitation program that offers vouchers that patients can turn in for valued prizes as rewards for drug-free urine tests. According to research, such programs:
Answer
  • have proven quite effective in encouraging cocaine and heroin users to go many weeks without taking drugs.
  • are often ineffective because patients become disenchanted with programs that offer “childish” treatments.
  • are successful at discouraging drug use for only a few days because patients leave the institutions sooner because they are more expensive
  • are generally ineffective because cocaine and heroin are highly addictive and too devastating for reward-based programs to be successful.

Question 52

Question
Any treatment for an unwanted fear or phobia that involves having the patient experience the feared stimulus in order to habituate or extinguish the fear response is referred to as:
Answer
  • an exposure treatment.
  • psychoanalysis
  • contingency management.
  • a token economy

Question 53

Question
To combat his fear of animals, Ranaldo's therapist begins by having him watch children play with animals in a separate room. During the next session, Ranaldo is in the room while the children play with the animals. The next step will involve Ranaldo in the room with the animals without the children present. This exposure treatment is known as _____ exposure.
Answer
  • unwanted fear
  • imaginative
  • virtual reality
  • in vivo

Question 54

Question
In the Philadelphia experiment on psychotherapeutic effectiveness, different groups of participants received behaviour therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or no therapy (controls). Which statement best summarizes the results?
Answer
  • The behaviour therapy group showed significantly more improvement than either of the other two groups.
  • The psychodynamic therapy group showed significantly more improvement than either of the other two groups.
  • The control group showed as much improvement as either of the other two groups.
  • The behaviour therapy and psychodynamic therapy groups improved about equally and significantly more than the control group.

Question 55

Question
Ron's therapist instructs him to lie down on a couch, relax, and report every image or idea that enters his awareness in response to these words: milk, pillow, and pickle. Ron is likely seeing a _______ therapist who uses a technique known as ______.
Answer
  • psychodynamic; free association
  • humanistic; person-centered therapy
  • psychodynamic; transference
  • ) humanistic; imaginative exposure

Question 56

Question
Sasha seeks therapy because of her intense fear of ants. In order to lessen her anxiety, the therapist creates experiences for Sasha. First, she videos ants in an enclosure across the room; later, she sees them a little closer up; ultimately, she holds an ant. This type of treatment is called _____ exposure.
Answer
  • imaginative
  • virtual reality
  • in vivo
  • resistance

Question 57

Question
Pick the incorrect alternative listed below about theories on stress at work.
Answer
  • Low demands are never stressful
  • Demands do not always lead to stress reactions
  • Control at work helps people handle demands
  • Resources are important for stress perceptions

Question 58

Question
Recovery after a stressful workday is important. Based on the lecture on stress, which of the strategies below may be less effective for stress recovery?
Answer
  • Doing something we enjoy.
  • Doing something we are good at.
  • taking work home to catch up
  • Not thinking about the demands

Question 59

Question
According to Hans Selye, what is 'eustress'?
Answer
  • A biological process mediating the stress process.
  • An alternative word for distress
  • Stress associated with positive feelings or healthy states
  • None of the above.

Question 60

Question
Which theory is considered to deal with consequences?
Answer
  • Reinforcement Theory
  • Two-Factor Theory
  • Equity Theory
  • Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Question 61

Question
Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic motivator?
Answer
  • a pay increase
  • promotion
  • satisfaction in a job well done
  • good working conditions

Question 62

Question
Students doing group work may be unhappy with a high grade if they feel some members of the group didn't contribute evenly to the effort in getting that grade. This is an example of what?
Answer
  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs
  • equity theory
  • expectancy theory
  • orientations to work

Question 63

Question
The job characteristics theory of work motivation predicts several relationships. One statement below incorrectly describes those relationships. Which one is it?
Answer
  • Jobs low in motivating potential produce less internal work motivation than jobs high in motivating potential.
  • People with strong growth needs should respond less positively to jobs high in motivating potential than people with weak growth needs
  • A person's knowledge and skill combine with a job's high motivating potential to produce high internal work motivation.
  • A positive work context helps a person experience a job's motivating qualities.
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