10927586
Descripción
Test por Alyssa Elligson, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Alyssa Elligson
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Criminal justice System produces huge amounts of raw data such as:
Respuesta
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police reports & records, court decisions
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prisoners information
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administrative records of prisons & penitentiaries
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decisions of parole & probation officials
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victim services
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
CJS records are not statistics. they are concerned with individual cases (e.g. the offender) and help practitioners make decisions about these cases
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Statistics are aggregated- concerned with what is common among many individual cases - they provide info about planning & evaluation, policy & program development & theory building & testing
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Quantitative data:
Respuesta
-
relating to the measurement of something- numeric form
-
relating to the reasons why something happens
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Qualitative Data:
Respuesta
-
based on measurements
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not based on measurement but an exploration of the reasons for human behaviour and the qualities of subjective experience
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Controversies over counting crime:
Respuesta
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coverage, reliability, validity, & methodology
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crime rate measured by police-reported data not reliable or valid statistics (they underestimate the actual level of crime)
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counting crime is easy knowledge
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Crime Stats:
-[blank_start]34%[blank_end] decrease in [blank_start]Crime Rate[blank_end] since 1998
-[blank_start]12.6%[blank_end] increase in [blank_start]drug crimes[blank_end] since 1998
-[blank_start]28.9%[blank_end] decrease in [blank_start]violent crimes[blank_end] since 2000
Respuesta
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34%
-
30%
-
40%
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43%
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28%
-
Crime Rate
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drug offences
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violence
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sexual crimes
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12.6%
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11.7%
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12.9%
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13%
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drug crimes
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crime rates
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sexual crimes
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robberys
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28.9%
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30%
-
35%
-
25%
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violent crimes
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sexual crimes
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armed robbery
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theft crimes
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property crimes
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
3 dominant ways to count crime or describe crime patterns:
Respuesta
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official (police-reported) statistics
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victim blaming
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victimization surveys
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self-reported studies
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self-measured examples
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
"crimes known to police" are commonly used crime stats
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The Uniform Crime Report (UCR):
Respuesta
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intended to standardize the collection & assembly of police-reported crime statistics from across Canada
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stats generated by UCR are less than perfect due to variations in records and interpreting crime between different departments
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implemented in 1962
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all of the above
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
2 versions of the UCR:
1. UCR [blank_start]aggregate[blank_end] (UCR 1.0) Survey: collects summary data for [blank_start]100[blank_end] separate criminal offences
2. UCR [blank_start]Incident-Based[blank_end] (UCR 2.0) Survey: collects more [blank_start]detailed information[blank_end] on each incident, victims & accused
Respuesta
-
aggregate
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100
-
Incident-Based
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detailed information
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
[blank_start]Seriousness[blank_end] rule in UCR statistics *important*:
- only the most serious crime is scored in an incident involving [blank_start]several[blank_end] crimes
Implications:
-deflates total crime count
-[blank_start]inflates[blank_end] serious crimes as % of total
-not enough qualitative data about crimes are recorded
-crime categories are too [blank_start]general[blank_end]
-does not differentiate between indictable and summary offences (gross counts of crime are [blank_start]misleading[blank_end])
Respuesta
-
Seriousness
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several
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inflates
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general
-
misleading
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
UCR Distortions:
Police [blank_start]less[blank_end] likely to write an official report if:
1. situation can be dealt with through [blank_start]warning[blank_end] (e.g. confiscation of illicit goods)
2. close [blank_start]relationship[blank_end] between victim and perp
Police [blank_start]more[blank_end] likely to write a report if:
1. victim is of [blank_start]higher[blank_end] social status (differential toward police)
2. police are engaged in ant-crime campaign (maintenance crackdown)
Respuesta
-
less
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warning
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relationship
-
more
-
higher
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
UCR 2 adopted in 1982 to address issues associated with original UCR:
Respuesta
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added arson to category of property crime
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added new categories of crime including criminal harassment
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allows for better collection of information regarding multiple offences stemming from the same criminal event (original UCR seriousness rule)
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is better
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
the Crime Severity Index (CSI):
Respuesta
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addresses the matter of the crime rate being driven by high volumes of less serious offences
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calculated by assigning each offence by weight (from sentenced given in court)
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more serious the average sentence, greater the weight
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more serious offences have greater impact on CSI
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
dark figure of crime refers to the amount of crime that is not reported to the police and is therefore not reflected in the UCR
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
according to the General Social Survey (GSS) ([blank_start]victimization survey[blank_end]) [blank_start]2/3 (two thirds[blank_end]) of crimes are not reported to the police
GSS provides information on crimes not reported and why
Respuesta
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victimization survey
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2/3 (two thirds
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
why victims don't report crime:
Respuesta
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feel crimes arent important enough
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think there is nothing police can do
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retaliate and plan revenge
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deal with the crime in another way
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they don't want to go to court
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
which of the following is NOT TRUE of victimization surveys?
Respuesta
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a sample of people are asked via a questionnaire survey if they have been a victim of crime
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captures many crimes not included in UCR data
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victims can be asked to describe their victimization, if it was reported, the response they got, and their feelings of safety regarding the CJS
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they are not anonymous, everyone is identified
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Criminal victimization in Canada 2009 highlights:
[blank_start]25%[blank_end] of respondents reported being a victim of crime in past 12 months
[blank_start]70%[blank_end] of offences were non-violent
[blank_start]31%[blank_end] who were victimized reported it to police
rates [blank_start]stable[blank_end] between 2004 and 2009
violent crimes & household victimization are [blank_start]higher[blank_end] in Western Canada
[blank_start]93%[blank_end] felt somewhat or very satisfied with their personal safety
Respuesta
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25%
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20%
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30%
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27%
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80%
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70%
-
75%
-
60%
-
31%
-
32%
-
35%
-
40%
-
increased
-
stable
-
decreased
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higher
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lower
-
the same
-
93%
-
95%
-
92%
-
90%
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Limitations of Victimization surveys include:
-not all crimes are captured (e.g. murder)
-[blank_start]Consensual crimes[blank_end] are generally not captured by either police-reported UCR data or victimization surveys
-[blank_start]Telescoping[blank_end]: unintentionally remembering prior victimization incidents outside the survey time framework
-[blank_start]Memory Fade[blank_end]: unintentionally forgetting victimization incident inside the survey time framework
Respuesta
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Consensual crimes
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Telescoping
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Memory Fade
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Self-Reported studies over come some of the weaknesses of police data and victimization surveys
-they contribute to research and theories on the causes of [blank_start]crime & delinquency[blank_end] (social class & crime)
-people are willing to report crimes in self-report survey (can produce valid and reliable results)
Limitations to this:
-some demographic groups are more apt to criminal behaviour
-more likely to report [blank_start]minor[blank_end] infractions and downplay serious ones
-serious and chronic offenders difficult to survey
-
Respuesta
-
crime & delinquency
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minor
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
according to general approaches to crime stats, the Positivist Perspective:
Respuesta
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is a positive outlook on the crime severity
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tends to accept the notion that the criminal code is a reflection of societal consensus about what is and is not criminal behaviour - reasonable to rely upon crime statistics generated by governmental agencies or the CJS
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means a positive approach to crime solving
-
none of the above
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Structuralist perspective questions the relevance of crime statistics
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Constructionist perspective:
Respuesta
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argues the identification, coding & counting of crime is a social process
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police produce crime stats by choosing which calls warrant a police response, exercising discretion (dealing with situations formally or without charges) and being involved in proactive or reactive policing styles
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means we construct our ideas of crime and counting crime from media and older models
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all of the above
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Integrationist Perspective:
Respuesta
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focuses on development of and changes to laws (whose interests are served)
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analyzes how crime stats are socially constructed & how social factors guide that process
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explains crimes integration process to society
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has to do with rapid change
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