11909635
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
indicate the correct statements
Respuesta
-
gangrene of the appendix and gangrenous appendicitis are synonyms of one same disease
-
severe inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis leads to necrosis, while in gangrene of the appendix the necrosis is ischemic
-
gangrene of the appendix means necrosis of the appendix while gangrenous appendicitis means severe purulent inflammation of the appendix without necrosis
-
inflammation in gangrenous appendicitis is a primary process, while in gangrene the inflammation is secondary after necrosis
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
the gross appearance "Ribbon-like fibrin deposits on the pericardium" describes:
Respuesta
-
Chronic pericarditis
-
fibrinous myocarditis
-
fibrinous pericarditis
-
acute pericarditis
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
which are the cells that inflitrate the whole thickness of the appendix in phlegmonous appendicitis?
Respuesta
-
lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
basophiles
-
neutrophils
-
giant multinucleated cells
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
what is typical for purulent lepto-meningitis
Respuesta
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by lymphocytes
-
hyperemic vessels, infiltration of the soft brain membranes by neutrophils
-
yellow-green exudate seen usually on the convex side of the brain
-
clear cerebro-spinal fluid
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
hydatid cysts affect most commonly:
Respuesta
-
the brain
-
the heart
-
the spleen
-
the liver
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
which is the second most commonly affected organ by hydatid cysts?
Respuesta
-
brain
-
liver
-
lung
-
kidney
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
the following description indicates: focal aggregates in the form of the nodules of the cells with phagocytic ability. the diameter of these nodules is no more than 1-2mm, in many cases they are seen only microscopically.
Respuesta
-
granulomas
-
metastases
-
polyps
-
granulation tissue
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
what type of necrosis develops in the tuberculous granuloma?
Respuesta
-
caseous necrosis
-
liquefactive necrosis
-
coagulative necrosis
-
fibrinoid necrosis
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
what of the following cells are seen in tuberculomas?
Respuesta
-
giant cells type Langhans
-
epitheloid cells
-
tuton giant cells
-
lymphocytes
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The giant cells type Langhans are derived from:
Respuesta
-
macrophages
-
epitheloid cells
-
lymphocytes
-
Monocytes
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
which giant cells have specific peripheral arrangement of the nuclei like horse-shoe?
Respuesta
-
Tuton giant cells
-
foreign body giant cells
-
Langhans giant cells
-
none of the above
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
in which stage of syphilis do the specific luetic granulomas develop?
Respuesta
-
first
-
second
-
third
-
they develop in all stages
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
what type of necrosis develops in luetic granulomas
Respuesta
-
clay-like
-
caseus
-
liquefactive
-
coagulative
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
what type of necrosis develops in the cat-scratch disease?
Respuesta
-
caseous
-
coagulative
-
liquefactive
-
gummous
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
mark the correct answer(s) about actinomycosis.
Respuesta
-
has three stages of development
-
has cervical, abdominal and thoracic froms
-
grossly, granular substance might be seen in the pus
-
grossly, rubbery lesions with central necrosis are seen in the affected organs
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. Lack of necrosis, abundance of epitheloid cell, Langhans cells, collagen fibers, shaumann bodies
Respuesta
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
Rheumatism
-
syphilis
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma: gummous necrosis, surrounded by epitheloid cells, single Langhans cells, abundance of plasma cells, less lymphocytes, firbroblasts.
Respuesta
-
tuberculosis
-
sarcoidosis
-
rheumatism
-
syphilis
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
the Sulfur granule is characteristic for:
Respuesta
-
tuberculosis
-
felinosis
-
actinomycosis
-
leprosy
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Mark the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description of a granuloma. fibrinoid necrosis, surrounded by abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, many cells of Anichkov and pathognomonic cells of Aschoff.
Respuesta
-
tuberculosis
-
rheumatoid arthritis
-
syphilis
-
rheumatism
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
what histological changes could be seen in thyroid in Hashimoto thyroiditis
Respuesta
-
unchanged
-
infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells
-
fibrosis
-
formation of lymph follicles
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
the histological changes in hashimoto thyroiditis affect:
Respuesta
-
entire thyroid gland
-
markedly focal
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The thyroid follicles Hashimoto thyroiditis are:
Respuesta
-
unchanged
-
dilated
-
polymorphous
-
smaller
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
what is hyper-granulation?
Respuesta
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix/scar
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
what is a scar?
Respuesta
-
hypertrophic granulation tissue
-
mature connective tissue
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
none of the above
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
what is a keloid?
Respuesta
-
hypertrophic tumor-like cicatrix
-
mature connective tissue
-
greater amount of granulation tissue
-
none of the above
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
which stain can be used to prove of scarring (cicatrix) of the heart?
Respuesta
-
Van Gieson
-
Perls
-
Congo Red
-
PAS
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
which of the following could not be seen in rheumatoid nodules?
Respuesta
-
firbrinoid necrosis
-
epitheloid cells
-
Langhans cells
-
lymphocytes
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Indicate the correct statement(s) for the polyarteriitis nodosa
Respuesta
-
it is an automimmune disease
-
it affects mostly the elastic arteries
-
there is accumulation of glucosaminoglycans in the vessel walls which can be demonstrated with metachromasia with toluidin Bleu
-
the branches of the pulmonary arteries are affected
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Anaphylactic hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Respuesta
-
hemolytic anemia
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
allergic rhinitis
-
bronchial asthma
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions are related to
Respuesta
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
-
hemolytic anemia
-
allergic rhinitis
-
nodasal polyarteriitis
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Immune complexes mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Respuesta
-
polyartheriitis nodosa
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
-
hemolytic anemia
-
tuberculosis
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions are related to:
Respuesta
-
tuberculosis
-
polyarteriitis nodosa
-
bronchial asthma
-
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which is the most common way of metastasizing of epithelial tumors?
Respuesta
-
by lymphatics (lymphogenic metastases)
-
with blood (hematogenic metastases)
-
by cerebrospinal fluid
-
none of the above
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
what is papilloma?
Respuesta
-
malignant tumor of the covering epithelium
-
benign tumor of glandular epithelium
-
benign tumor of cover type epithelium
-
benign soft tissue tumor
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Indicate the correct characteristic(s) for Papilloma
Respuesta
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by differentiated stratified squamous epithelium
-
it has tree-like stroma covered by undifferentiated squamous epithelium with signs of cell atypia
-
stroma and parenchyma are difficult to distinguinsh
-
it doesnt have a capsule
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
what is the term used for malignant tumors of cover type epithelium?
Respuesta
-
adenocarcinoma
-
Papilloma
-
Carcinoma
-
Sarcoma
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
what is the term used for malignant tumors of glandular type epithelial origin
Respuesta
-
adenocarcinoma
-
adenoma
-
Carcinoma
-
Carcino-adenoma
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
what is the term used for benign tumors of glandular type epithelial origin?
Respuesta
-
Papilloma
-
Adenoma
-
teratoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
point the correct statements(s) about basal cell carcinoma
Respuesta
-
it develops only on the skin
-
it can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
it characterizes with early lymphogenic and hematogenic metastases
-
very often it reoccurs at the same place after surgery
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Keratinized squamous cell carcinoma:
Respuesta
-
develops only on the skin
-
can develop at any place with squamous epithelium
-
is highly undifferentiated malignant tumor
-
is a tumor composed of more differentiated cells with keratin production
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
what kind of structures are the cancer pearls?
Respuesta
-
accumulation of keratin produced by more differentiated malignant cells originating from squamous epithelium
-
pink- coloured homogenous substance located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
accumulation of mucus produced by highly undifferentiated malignant cells located in the centre of the tumor nests
-
pink homogenous substance that accumulates in the stroma of the tumor
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
the gross appearance of which tumor is called "ulcus rodens"
Respuesta
-
squamous cell carcinoma
-
melanoma
-
basal cell carcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
squamous cell carcinoma develops in the lung after
Respuesta
-
acute bronchitis
-
chronic bronchitis accompanied by metaplasia
-
bronchial asthma
-
inhalation of a foreign body
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder arises from:
Respuesta
-
squamous epithelium
-
transitional epithelium
-
glandular epithelium
-
smooth musculature
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
what is carcinoma in situ?
Respuesta
-
malignant tumor limited to the epithelium above the basal membrane
-
malignant tumor destroying the basal membrane but spreading no more than 5mm below it
-
benign tumor limited to the basal membrane
-
benign tumor of a great size compressing the surrounding tissues
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
which staining is used for proving mucus production from gelatinous adenocarcinoma?
Respuesta
-
Congo red
-
Toluidin bleu, metachromasia is demonstrated
-
PAS reaction with amylase control
-
Van Gieson
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Pericanalicular and intracanalicular types of:
Respuesta
-
ductal carcinoma of the breast
-
Paget's disease
-
renal cell carcinoma
-
fibroadenoma
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Kruckenberg tumors are:
Respuesta
-
metastases from colon adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from gastric carcinoma in the ovaries
-
metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma in the ovaries
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Pleomorphic adenoma could be seen mainly:
Respuesta
-
in the parotid gland
-
in the minor salivary glands
-
in the stomach
-
in thyroid gland
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
indicate the correct statements about fibroadenoma of the breast
Respuesta
-
Capsulated and lobulated tumor
-
non-capsulated malignant tumor with invasive growth
-
microscopically it has two types- intracanalicular and pericanalicular
-
seen in older women
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Mark the correct statements about papillary cystadenoma of the ovary:
Respuesta
-
malignant tumor
-
has cyst-like and papillary structures
-
histological characteristics include serous and mucinous types
-
its is a physiological change related to menstrual cycle
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
'Linitis plastica' is a gross subtype of:
Respuesta
-
gastric cancer
-
pancreatic cancer
-
breast cancer
-
Uterine Cancer
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Grossly adenocarcinoma of colon can be:
Respuesta
-
polypoid
-
Ulcerous
-
nodular
-
all of the listed above
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
the terms "early cancer" and "advanced cancer" are used for:
Respuesta
-
gastric adenocarcinoma
-
adenocarcinoma of the endometrium
-
adenocarcinoma of the colon
-
breast cancer
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
what Kind of Sarcoma could be seen an immune deficiency?
Respuesta
-
Kaposi Sarcoma
-
Ewing sarcoma
-
Rhabdomysarcoma
-
chondrosarcoma
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
which of the following sarcomas have the worst prognosis?
Respuesta
-
liposarcoma
-
osteosarcoma
-
fibrosarcoma
-
leiomyosarcoma
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
what staining can be used to distinguish leiomyoma uteri from fibroma?
Respuesta
-
Congo red
-
perls
-
PAS reaction with PAS control
-
Van Gieson
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Point the characteristics of the leeiomyosarcoma
Respuesta
-
polymorphism of cells and nuclei
-
hyper- and polychromasia of nuclei
-
typical mytoses
-
monster cells
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
what is hybernoma?
Respuesta
-
benign tumor of vascular origin
-
benign tumor originating from brown fat tissue
-
benign tumor originating from striated muscle
-
malignant tumor originating from pigment tissue
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
what are the signs of the atypia in a nevus?
Respuesta
-
asymmetry of the lesion, irregular borders
-
dark color, irregular color of the lesion
-
diameter less than 5mm
-
regular borders
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
how should a biopsy be done if there is a suspicion for the melanoma?
Respuesta
-
incision biopsy
-
Punch biopsy
-
excision biopsy
-
brush biopsy
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
point the most common localizations of the teratomas
Respuesta
-
ovaries, testis
-
extremities
-
retroperitoneum
-
mediastinum
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
which of the following are organoid teratomas:
Respuesta
-
nephroblastoma
-
cholesteatoma
-
dermoid cyst
-
branchiogenic cyst
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
which of the following is organismoid teratoma?
Respuesta
-
epidermoid cyst
-
teratocarcinoma
-
dermoid cyst
-
nephroblastoma
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
what is nevus pigmentosus?
Respuesta
-
tumor-like process
-
tumor process
-
microscopically it contains mature melanocytes
-
microscopically it contains cells with signs of severe atypia and some of them contain melanin
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
what is melanoma?
Respuesta
-
malignant congenital tumor
-
benign tumor composed of melanocytes
-
malignant tumor of pigment origin
-
none of the above
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
what is an achromatic melanoma
Respuesta
-
benign form of melanoma
-
melanoma without melanin in the tumor cells
-
type of melanoma which can be proved with immunohistochemical tests
-
melanoma which is more differentiated
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
point possible localisations of the nevus pigmentosus and melanoma
Respuesta
-
skin
-
Uvea
-
meninges
-
all of the above
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
lentigo maligna, nodular, superficial, acral lentigenous are gross forms of:
Respuesta
-
melanoma
-
squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
-
basal cell carcinoma of the skin
-
nevus pigmentosus
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
indicate immunohistochemical stains to prove melanoma
Respuesta
-
HMB-45
-
ca-125
-
S-100
-
cytokeratin
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
which of the following tumors do not have a stroma
Respuesta
-
choriocarcinoma
-
seminoma
-
nephroblastoma
-
neuroblastoma
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
indicate types of nevus pigmentosus
Respuesta
-
acquired and congenital
-
junctional, compound, intradermal
-
benign and malignant nevus
-
ectodermal and endodermal nevus
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
squamous cell carcinoma occurs most frequently in:
Respuesta
-
stomach
-
skin
-
bladder
-
larynx
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
the term 'pathognomonic change' means:
Respuesta
-
unexplained change
-
paradoxical change
-
sufficient to identify the diagnosis/lesion
-
diffuse inflammatory change
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
which type of bleeding occur in the digestive system?
Respuesta
-
hemothorax
-
hemoptysis
-
melena
-
hematemesis
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
left ventricular hypertrophy can develop in:
Respuesta
-
cor pulmonale
-
systemic hypertension
-
mitral stenosis
-
aortic stenosis
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
cancer cells which show no resemblance to the tissue from which the tumor originates are called:
Respuesta
-
undifferentiated carcinoma
-
well-differentiated carcinoma
-
scirrhous type carcinoma
-
histioid cancer
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
which of the following is correct for the mechanical jaundice?
Respuesta
-
indirect bilirubin prevails in blood
-
elevated urine urobilinogen
-
elevated urine bilirubin
-
stools are hyperpigmented
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Basal cell carcinoma is localised most frequently on:
Respuesta
-
the skin of the forearm
-
the skin of the lower limbs
-
the skin on the palms
-
skin of the face
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Bilaterally, on the skin of the eyelids of a young woman are seen yellow nodules with the size of a grain of rice. what is it?
Respuesta
-
xanthelasma
-
nevus
-
ephelides
-
hemosiderin deposition
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
how do we call the local depigmentation of the skin
Respuesta
-
vitiligo
-
hemosiderosis
-
albinism
-
ohronosis
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
which of the following is correct for mechanical jaundice:
Respuesta
-
it is parenchyma jaundice
-
there is posthepatic occlusion
-
direct bilirubin is increased
-
it is also called hemolytic jaundice
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
"Mutilation" means:
Respuesta
-
form of biological mutation
-
pendulum movement of the blood
-
zonal hair loss
-
self amputation of the phalanges
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
in the bronchi and nasal cavity may develop squamous cell carcinoma based on:
Respuesta
-
hypoplasia
-
histological accomodation
-
anaplasia
-
metaplasia
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
state which of the following is a macroscopic characteristic of adenocarcinoma:
Respuesta
-
like a "bowl"
-
like a "cauliflower"
-
round non healing ulcers on the face
-
very dense knot int he face
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
the most common localisation of lymphangioma is:
Respuesta
-
the face
-
in sella turcica
-
on the phalanges of the toes
-
lips, tongue
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
presence of the lymphocytes and plasma cells in the stroma of tumors is called:
Respuesta
-
reactive inflammation
-
morphological anaplasia
-
stromal reaction
-
sinus histiocytosis
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Carcinoids are:
Respuesta
-
tumor-like process
-
benign tumors
-
malignant tumors
-
hyperplastic process
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
how does carcinoma in situ metastasize?
Respuesta
-
by the lymph flow
-
perineural
-
by the blood flow
-
does not metastasize
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
the most frequent localisation of neurinoma in the skull is:
Respuesta
-
ponto-cerebellar angle
-
falx cerebri
-
tentorium cerebelli
-
cerebellum
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Signet-ring cells are seen in:
Respuesta
-
in obesity
-
vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in kidney
-
liver steatosis
-
adenocarcinoma accumulating mucus in tumor cells
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
squamous cell carcinoma may develop from:
Respuesta
-
mouth mucosa
-
lining in the bronchi
-
lining of the vaginal part of the cervix
-
epithelium of gastric mucosa
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Dermoid cyst is:
Respuesta
-
mature teratoma, which occurs most frequently in the ovary
-
benign tumor of cells of the soft meninges
-
pigmental tumor
-
benign tumor associated with pregnancy
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
ULCUS RODENS (rodent ulcer) is a metaphor for macroscopical finding in:
Respuesta
-
adenocarcinoma of the stomach
-
leutic ulcer
-
Rodent bites
-
basal cell carcinoma
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
the following microscopic description indicates: H-E staining: the lesion consists of nests of normal melanocytes that accumulate different quantity of brown-black pigment. These cells can be found in papillary or reticular derma of the skin.
Respuesta
-
naevus pigementosus
-
melanoma maligum
-
skin oedema
-
basal cell Carcinoma
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
the following clinical features: left-sided heart failure, dyspnoe (shortness of breath), frequent cough with rusty colour expectoration, can be seen in:
Respuesta
-
brown induration of the lungs/hemosiderosis of lungs
-
heart tamponade
-
1st degree AV-block
-
all of the above
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
which heart disease can be described with the following microscopic picture: the cuspid valve when stained with H-E shows loose area - clear and unstained spaces between fibrous structures representing interstitional mucoid oedema swelling. Fibroblasts are seen around this clear zone and in periphery of the cuspid valve (sign of fibrosis). the valve contains many newly formed capillaries (the process is called vascularisation).
Respuesta
-
acute endocarditis
-
subacute endocarditis
-
age-related degeneration of the valve
-
Rheumatism
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
which answer is correct for the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The liver columns are atropic, the sinusoids look dilated. The hepatocytes are smaller in size and contain brown-golden pigment granules with perinuclear localization
Respuesta
-
nutmeg liver
-
cyanosis hepatis
-
acute hepatitis
-
atrophy of the liver
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
the following microscopic description in indicative for: H-E staining: alveolar spaces are filled with precipitated homogenous pink fluid. Alveolar Septi and capillaries are dilated and filled with erythrocytes. Airy bubbles can be found in the alveolar cavities and in the lumens of bronchi
Respuesta
-
hemorrhagic infarction of the lung
-
hemosiderosis pulmonis
-
pulmofibrosis
-
lung edema
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