Copiar y Editar

CHAPTER 6 NEW

Descripción

Test sobre CHAPTER 6 NEW, creado por J P el 20/02/2018.
J P
Test por J P, actualizado hace más de 1 año
J P
Creado por J P hace más de 8 años
55
0
0

Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
A change in behavior or belief to accord with others is called
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Even though you really dislike wearing a dress, you decide to wear one to your cousin's wedding. This is an example of
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
In Western individualistic societies, the word "conformity" carries
Respuesta
  • Z
  • a negative value judgment
  • a neutral value judgment
  • both positive and negative value judgments

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request, while privately disagreeing is called
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
When our behavior is a result of our boss telling us to do something, it is a form of
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
If you clean your room only because your parents order you to, your behavior is a form of
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Acting in accord with a direct order is called
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
After hearing a great deal about the benefits of soy products from your friends, you decide to drink soy milk instead of cow's milk. Your behavior is an example of
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure is called
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
_______ sometimes follows compliance
Respuesta
  • Obedience
  • Acceptance
  • Conformity
  • Reactance

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
After hearing so much about the dangers of smoking cigarettes from the media and seeing numbers of people quit the habit, Jacob finally realizes that smoking is dangerous and therefore he quits. His behavior is an example of
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • acceptance
  • conformity
  • compliance

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
A classmate across the room yawns and then several other students yawn, this is an example of
Respuesta
  • informational influence
  • psychological reactance
  • group cohesion
  • social contagion

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
In his classic study of _______, Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room
Respuesta
  • obedience
  • group cohesiveness
  • norm formation
  • psychological reactance

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Studies involving _______ most clearly demonstrate how social influence can take the form of acceptance
Respuesta
  • the judgments of the length of lines
  • the judgments of the autokinetic phenomenon
  • the shocking of innocent victims
  • personality factors

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Milgram's studies explored _______; Asch's studies explored _______
Respuesta
  • obedience; conformity
  • conformity; norm formation
  • obedience; norm formation
  • conformity; obedience

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Several restaurant managers complied with orders from a telephone caller, posing as a police officer, to strip search a customer or employee. This is an example of the power of _______ on compliance
Respuesta
  • group influence
  • personality factors
  • the closeness of the authority
  • the legitimacy of authority

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The copycat suicide phenomenon is most likely to occur
Respuesta
  • in older adults
  • two to three months later
  • in places where the suicide story is publicized
  • during the winter

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
A year after his original study, Sherif's participants were retested alone and gave answers that supported the original group's norm. This suggests that the process involved was really
Respuesta
  • reactance
  • compliance
  • obedience
  • acceptance

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
In the spring of 1954, Seattle residents were alarmed by widespread reports of damage by a mysterious windshield-pitting agent. According to the text, the true cause of public concern was most likely
Respuesta
  • fallout from recent Pacific testing of the H-bomb
  • mass suggestibility
  • psychological reactance
  • the autokinetic phenomenon

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Chartrand and Bargh (1999) found that participants in an experiment who worked alongside another person who occasionally rubbed her face were unwittingly more likely to rub their face. They called this
Respuesta
  • the chameleon effect
  • mood linkage
  • compliance
  • automatic processing

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The spread of bodily complaints within a school or workplace with no organic basis for the symptoms is called
Respuesta
  • mass influence
  • social influence
  • mass delusion
  • mass hysteria

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Sherif is to the study of _______ as Asch is to the study of _______
Respuesta
  • conformity; compliance
  • compliance; conformity
  • norm formation; obedience
  • norm formation; conformity

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
How did Asch's studies of conformity differ from those of Sherif?
Respuesta
  • Asch's participants faced a more ambiguous task
  • Sherif's participants were dealing with facts rather than opinions
  • Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment
  • Sherif's participants were in the physical presence of the pressuring group while Asch's participants were not

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
While control participants were correct about line-length judgments more than 99% of the time in Asch's conformity study, his naive participants conformed to the incorrect judgments of others ___ % of the time
Respuesta
  • 12
  • 37
  • 65
  • 87

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
According to the text, Asch's experiments lacked _______ but did possess _______
Respuesta
  • experimental realism; mundane realism
  • mundane realism; experimental realism
  • validity; reliability
  • reliability; validity

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Asch's conformity experiments showed that most people
Respuesta
  • go along with others' decisions
  • conform even when wrong
  • tell the truth even when others do not
  • become confused when confronted

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
The results of both the Sherif and Asch studies are startling because their studies did not employ any
Respuesta
  • judgments about ambiguous stimuli
  • groups larger than four persons
  • experimental realism
  • open, obvious pressure to conform

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The most famous and controversial experiments in social psychology were conducted by
Respuesta
  • Sherif
  • Milgram
  • Asch
  • Watson

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
The experimenter in Milgram's study used all EXCEPT which of the following verbal prods to encourage participants to continue?
Respuesta
  • "It is absolutely essential that you continue."
  • "You will be penalized if you refuse to go on."
  • "You have no other choice, you must go on."
  • "The experiment requires that you continue."

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
When participants in Milgram's experiments wanted to quit, they were given
Respuesta
  • shocks to keep them going
  • money as an incentive to keep going
  • up to four verbal prods to keep them going
  • a reward for being one of the few to disobey

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
When Milgram asked 100 psychiatrists, college students, and middle-class adults to predict the results of his experiment, the respondents said that they thought _______ would _______
Respuesta
  • they themselves; never begin to administer the shocks
  • they themselves; disobey by about 135 volts
  • other people; disobey by about 210 volts
  • other people; would go all the way to 450 volts

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
When Milgram conducted his first series of experiments with a sample of 20- to 50-year-old men, he found that over 60 percent of them
Respuesta
  • refused to deliver shocks beyond 150 volts
  • refused to deliver shocks past the 300-volt level
  • went clear to 450 volts
  • asked to be released from the experiment by 135 volts

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
In follow-up experiments to his initial study, Milgram made the learner's protests more compelling by having him complain of a heart condition, then scream and plead for release, and finally refuse to answer. With this added condition,
Respuesta
  • the majority of participants still fully obeyed the experimenter's demands
  • teachers were more reluctant to deliver initial shocks
  • learners became more real and personal to the teacher
  • fewer participants went to 450 volts

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
A psychiatrist who interviewed 40 of Milgram's participants a year after their participation concluded that
Respuesta
  • none had been harmed
  • many were suspicious of all authorities
  • a minority of them had lowered self-esteem
  • most regretted having served in Milgram's study

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
In light of the Milgram studies, which of the following is NOT one of the factors that determined obedience?
Respuesta
  • the victim's emotional distance
  • the victim's physical distance
  • the authority's closeness and legitimacy
  • whether or not the authority was institutionalized

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
In a variation of the Milgram study, the learner was in the same room as the teacher. Under these conditions, ___ % obeyed to 450 volts
Respuesta
  • 100
  • 80
  • 40
  • 20

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
In a variation of the Milgram study, teachers were required to force the learner's hand into contact with a shock plate. Under these conditions, ___ % obeyed
Respuesta
  • 100
  • 70
  • 30
  • 15

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Consistent with what is known about depersonalization, Lydon and Dunkel-Schetter (1994) found that expectant women expressed more _______ to their pregnancies after seeing an ultrasound photo of the fetus
Respuesta
  • apathy
  • resentment
  • commitment
  • hostility

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
In Milgram's research, when the experimenter gave the commands by telephone instead of in person, full obedience
Respuesta
  • dropped to zero
  • dropped to 21 percent
  • dropped to 50 percent
  • increased to 73 percent

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
In one variation of his original experiment, Milgram arranged for a confederate "clerk" (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the experimenter's absence. As a result of this manipulation,
Respuesta
  • most teachers agreed to comply with the orders of their fellow group member
  • the teachers competed with him and with each other for the role of leader
  • participants became more positive about their roles in this cohesive group, and some even became enthusiastic
  • 80% of the teachers refused to comply fully

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
In a study by Hofling and his colleagues (1966), 22 hospital nurses were telephoned by an unknown physician and ordered to administer an obvious drug overdose. Results showed that
Respuesta
  • most would not act on the order unless the caller named a familiar physician as a reference
  • most nurses refused to comply unless given the order in writing
  • less experienced nurses complied but more experienced ones challenged the order
  • all but one proceeded to comply without delay

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
When Milgram's experimental series was reenacted in Bridgeport, Connecticut, far from the prestige and authority of Yale University, the proportion of participants who fully complied with orders to shock the learner _______ compared to the Yale rate
Respuesta
  • remained unchanged
  • decreased
  • increased slightly
  • increased significantly

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
A fad such as tattoos are an example of
Respuesta
  • norm formation
  • conformity
  • obedience
  • reactance

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Interpreting events differently after hearing from others is what social psychologists call
Respuesta
  • norm formation
  • conformity
  • obedience
  • reactance

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Doing as others do is what social psychologists call
Respuesta
  • norm formation
  • conformity
  • obedience
  • reactance

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
_______ occurs when soldiers or employees follow questionable orders, such as when nurses willingly follow a physician's order to give a patient a dangerously high dosage of medication
Respuesta
  • Norm formation
  • Conformity
  • Obedience
  • Acceptance

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
You decide to pierce your tongue after all your friends have. This is an example of
Respuesta
  • norm formation
  • conformity
  • obedience
  • reactance

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Although you did not like it when you first saw it alone, you go to the same movie with a friend for a second time. After she raves about it, you decide that it wasn't so bad after all. Your interpreting events differently after hearing your friend's opinion is called
Respuesta
  • norm formation
  • conformity
  • obedience
  • reactance

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
As an example of the liberating effects of group influence, ___ % of the participants in a variation of Milgram's study conformed to the confederate's behavior when the confederates defied the experimenter
Respuesta
  • 90
  • 45
  • 20
  • 10

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
During the 1970s, the military junta in power in Greece initially selected candidates for officers based on their submission to authority. The candidates were first asked to guard prisoners, then to observe torture, and then to eventually practice torture. This process demonstrates how _______ can breed _______
Respuesta
  • obedience; conformity
  • conformity; obedience
  • compliance; acceptance
  • acceptance; compliance

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Normative influence leads to compliance, especially for those
Respuesta
  • in ambiguous situations
  • who are comfortable in their roles
  • who are seeking to climb a status ladder
  • who are in positions of authority

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
A concern for _______ produces normative influence, while a concern for _______ produces informational influence
Respuesta
  • social image; being correct
  • being correct; social image
  • being correct; gaining status
  • social roles; authority figures

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
If we were to conclude that Milgram's obedient participants were particularly hostile and aggressive people, we would be
Respuesta
  • making a correct inference
  • committing the fundamental attribution error
  • ignoring the power of behavior to shape attitudes
  • ignoring the strength of positive internal dispositions

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Research on group size and conformity has shown that
Respuesta
  • as group size increases, conformity decreases
  • as group size increases, conformity increases
  • group size influences conformity in teenagers but not in adults
  • the conformity of females is more significantly influenced by group size than is the conformity of males

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
According to conformity research, a group's social power is deflated when it loses its
Respuesta
  • agenda
  • anonymity
  • unanimity
  • heterogeneity

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
The extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another, is called
Respuesta
  • conformity
  • cohesion
  • compliance
  • unanimity

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
The relationship between the degree to which a group is cohesive and the degree to which the group has power over its members is a _______ one
Respuesta
  • positive
  • negative
  • neutral
  • curvilinear

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Group members who feel attracted to the group are more responsive to its influence. This fact illustrates the impact of _______ on conformity
Respuesta
  • unanimity
  • status
  • cohesiveness
  • co-morbidity

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Mullen and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking rate _______ in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate
Respuesta
  • increases
  • decreases
  • stays the same
  • increases, then gradually decreases

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Mullen and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking rate decreases in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate, especially if the non-jaywalker is well dressed. This is an example of the power of _______ on conformity
Respuesta
  • unanimity
  • status
  • cohesiveness
  • co-morbidity

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
In experiments, people have been found to conform more when they must _______ than when they must _______
Respuesta
  • respond publicly; write down their responses in private
  • commit themselves in writing; announce their responses in public
  • think before acting; react spontaneously
  • explain their responses; keep silent

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
After President Bush announced his position regarding a possible war with Iraq, he was unlikely to change his mind. This most likely reflects the
Respuesta
  • we-they polarity between the political parties
  • fact that public commitment reduces susceptibility to social influence
  • fact that the high status of the office elicits a need for uniqueness
  • fact that higher-status people are more susceptible to psychological reactance

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
In calling sports decisions, umpires and referees rarely change their decisions as a result of a player's objection. This may be an example of how
Respuesta
  • status produces psychological reactance
  • a we-they feeling has evolved between professional sports players and officials
  • the umpire or referee seeks to maintain emotional distance from players
  • public commitment reduces susceptibility to social influence

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Bearman and Brueckner (2001) found that teens who made a public virginity-until-marriage pledge became _______ likely to remain sexually abstinent than similar teens who do not make the pledge
Respuesta
  • somewhat less
  • somewhat more
  • extremely less
  • extremely more

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Bearman and Brueckner (2001) found that teens who made a public virginity-until-marriage pledge became somewhat more likely to remain sexually abstinent than similar teens who do not make the pledge. This is an example of how
Respuesta
  • status produces psychological reactance
  • a we-they feeling has evolved between professional sports players and officials
  • the teen seeks to maintain emotional distance from would-be sexual partners
  • public commitment reduces susceptibility to social influence

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain their acceptance, is called
Respuesta
  • compliance
  • acceptance
  • normative influence
  • informational influence

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Conformity that occurs when people accept evidence about reality that is provided by other people is called
Respuesta
  • compliance
  • acceptance
  • normative influence
  • informational influence

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
When we go along with the crowd and act counter to our own beliefs and values, we are conforming because of
Respuesta
  • compliance
  • acceptance
  • normative influence
  • informational influence

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
Although he made a promise to himself to not take illegal drugs, Tom gave into peer pressure at a party to smoke marijuana because he did not want to be rejected by the others. Tom's conformity is a result of
Respuesta
  • compliance
  • acceptance
  • normative influence
  • informational influence

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Conformity is greater when people respond publicly before a group. This pattern reflects
Respuesta
  • compliance
  • acceptance
  • normative influence
  • informational influence

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
Conformity is greater when people feel incompetent. This pattern reflects
Respuesta
  • compliance
  • acceptance
  • normative influence
  • informational influence

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an example of informational influence?
Respuesta
  • when participants feel incompetent
  • when the task is difficult
  • when subjects are bilingual
  • when people care about being right

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
According to the text, personality predicts behavior when social influences are
Respuesta
  • obvious
  • covert
  • strong
  • weak

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
The degree to which personality predicts our behavior is _______ related to the degree to which social influences predict our behavior
Respuesta
  • positively
  • negatively
  • somewhat
  • not at all

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Researchers have explored several areas in search of the factors affecting conformity. Which of the following is one of those areas?
Respuesta
  • religion
  • personality
  • sexual orientation
  • race

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
When the influence of the situation is _______, the consequent behavior is more likely to be a result of _______
Respuesta
  • weak; individual personalities
  • weak; external circumstances
  • strong; internal forces
  • strong; dispositions

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
Which of the following statements about cross-cultural research on conformity is true?
Respuesta
  • Findings using the Asch procedure have found similar conformity rates in most countries, except among the Bantu of Zimbabwe, a tribe with strong sanctions against nonconformity
  • When Milgram compared the conformity of French and Norwegian students, the French consistently conformed more
  • Recent conformity studies in Britain, Canada, and the United States have indicated much more conformity than was observed two or three decades ago
  • Conformity rates vary widely among European countries

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Which of the following statements is TRUE of conformity and obedience?
Respuesta
  • They are primarily collectivistic phenomena
  • They are primarily individualistic phenomena
  • They are universal phenomena that vary by culture
  • They are universal phenomena that are uninfluenced by culture

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Compared to people in individualistic countries, those in collectivist countries are
Respuesta
  • more likely to express psychological reactance
  • more responsive to others' influence
  • more susceptible to the fundamental attribution error
  • more likely to be independent

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
Compared to Euro-American cultures, Asian cultures are more likely to teach their children
Respuesta
  • independence
  • collectivism
  • to follow their own conscience
  • . to respect another's privacy

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
. A social role is
Respuesta
  • a cluster of norms
  • separate from culture
  • a weak influence on conformity
  • . a role that feels awkward

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
When Regina returned to the U.S. after two years in Madagascar, she felt uncomfortable and out of place. She was experiencing
Respuesta
  • normative social influence
  • reentry distress
  • psychological reactance
  • anti-conformity

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
High school students Aisha and Jared have been dating each other casually. When Aisha parents tell her to stop seeing Jared and ask her to go out with "nicer boys," Aisha announces that she and Jared are actually "in love" and have decided to go steady. Aisha's behavior most likely illustrates the effects of
Respuesta
  • the false uniqueness effect
  • the fundamental attribution error
  • the self-serving bias
  • psychological reactance

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Knowing that someone is trying to coerce you may prompt you to do the opposite of that person's wishes. This response is predicted by
Respuesta
  • the reactance theory
  • the theory of normative social influence
  • Milgram's theory of obedience
  • the social norms theory

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
The high rate of underage drinking may be related to
Respuesta
  • social roles
  • psychological reactance
  • a drive for uniqueness
  • informational influences

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
The names we choose for our children often express our
Respuesta
  • social roles
  • desire for uniqueness
  • self concept
  • reaction formation

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
Ahmed generally likes to go home to visit his family during vacation. However, after his father tells him that he must be home during spring vacation, Ahmed decides to remain at college. Ahmed's behavior is best understood in terms of
Respuesta
  • reaction formation
  • regression
  • psychological reactance
  • self-serving bias

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was _______ for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age
Respuesta
  • slightly higher
  • lower
  • the same
  • significantly higher

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
Research in both the United States and Canada revealed that the percentage of those who reported having been drunk in the last year was lower for those over the legal drinking age than for those under the legal drinking age. This exemplifies which of the following concepts?
Respuesta
  • reaction formation
  • regression
  • psychological reactance
  • the self-serving bias

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
the self-serving bias
Respuesta
  • black
  • female
  • a lawyer
  • in a group

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
The motive to protect or restore one's sense of freedom is known as
Respuesta
  • rebellion
  • disobedience
  • resistance
  • reactance

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
The psychological reactance theory may help explain why
Respuesta
  • drinking on campus is heavier for underage drinkers than for legal-age drinkers.
  • a toddler, ignoring a toy, protests and demands the toy back when a playmate begins to play with it
  • the demand for and value placed on an object is greater when the object is perceived to be rare or hard to get
  • All of the choices are correct

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
In a study by Snyder (1980), students who were told that their personal attitudes were nearly identical to those of 10,000 other students _______ when they participated in a conformity experiment
Respuesta
  • were judged most attractive by their fellow participants
  • were more willing to obey the experimenter's request to make a public commitment to a popular cause
  • took on additional attitudes as well as the mannerisms of the majority
  • asserted their individuality by being nonconformist

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
A study conducted by Snyder and Fromkin (1980) revealed that people feel better when they see themselves as
Respuesta
  • very unique
  • moderately unique
  • not at all unique
  • collectivistic

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
When William McGuire and his Yale University colleagues invited children to "tell us about yourself," they found that the children were most likely to mention their gender
Respuesta
  • gender
  • nationality
  • distinctive attributes
  • most common personal characteristics

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
Rivalry between groups is often most intense when the groups
Respuesta
  • closely resemble each other
  • share a common goal
  • are very different
  • are of different ethnic groups

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
According to Myers, an unchallenged assumption in individualistic Western nations is that _______ is good and _______ is bad
Respuesta
  • uniqueness; similarity
  • similarity; uniqueness
  • individualism; conformity
  • conformity; individualism
Mostrar resumen completo Ocultar resumen completo

¿Quieres crear tus propios Tests gratis con GoConqr? Más información.

Similar

Explorar la Librería