12878304
Descripción
Test por Crystal Yu, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Crystal Yu
hace alrededor de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Semisolids include [blank_start]pastes[blank_end], [blank_start]ointments[blank_end], and [blank_start]creams[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
pastes
-
ointments
-
creams
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Semisolids:
A system that is not [blank_start]pourable[blank_end] and does not [blank_start]flow[blank_end] under low shear stress at [blank_start]room temperature[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
pourable
-
flow
-
room temperature
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Semisolid dosage forms include ointments, creams, pastes, [blank_start]gels[blank_end], and [blank_start]collodions[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
gels
-
collodions
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Semisolid dosage forms can have topical, [blank_start]ocular[blank_end], [blank_start]nasal[blank_end], [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end], and [blank_start]rectal[blank_end] applications
Respuesta
-
ocular
-
nasal
-
vaginal
-
rectal
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Ointment:
Semisolid preparations, incorporated into a specific [blank_start]hydrocarbon base[blank_end], intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. They usually contain < [blank_start]20[blank_end] % water and > [blank_start]50[blank_end] % hydrocarbons
Respuesta
-
hydrocarbon base
-
20
-
50
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Creams:
Semisolid dosage forms that possess a relatively [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] consistency formulated as either water‐in‐oil or oil‐in‐water emulsions. Creams usually contain > [blank_start]20[blank_end] % water and volatiles and < [blank_start]50[blank_end] % hydrocarbons, [blank_start]waxes[blank_end] or [blank_start]polyols[blank_end] as the vehicle.
Respuesta
-
fluid
-
20
-
50
-
waxes
-
polyols
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Gels:
Semisolid systems consisting of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles (e.g. [blank_start]Aluminum Hydroxide Gel[blank_end]) or large organic molecules (e.g. [blank_start]Carbomer[blank_end] or natural gums like Tragacanth) interpenetrated by a liquid.
Respuesta
-
Aluminum Hydroxide Gel
-
Carbomer
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Pastes:
A semisolid dosage form containing a large proportion ([blank_start]20[blank_end]‐50 %) of solids [blank_start]finely[blank_end] dispersed in a [blank_start]fatty vehicle[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
20
-
finely
-
fatty vehicle
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Collodions:
A thick solution composed of [blank_start]pyroxylin[blank_end] dissolved in a mixture of [blank_start]alcohol[blank_end] and [blank_start]ether[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
pyroxylin
-
alcohol
-
ether
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
[blank_start]Emollient[blank_end]:
An agent that softens the skin or soothes irritation in skin or mucous membranes.
Respuesta
-
Emollient
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
[blank_start]Protective[blank_end]:
A substance that protects injured or exposed skin surfaces from harmful or annoying stimuli allowing rejuvenation of the skin.
Respuesta
-
Protective
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
[blank_start]Occlusive[blank_end]:
Retention of water in the skin by forming a hydrophobic a barrier that prevents moisture evaporation.
Respuesta
-
Occlusive
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
[blank_start]Humectant[blank_end]:
A substance that causes water to be retained because of its hygroscopic properties.
Respuesta
-
Humectant
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Desired properties for semisolid bases include chemical and physical [blank_start]stability[blank_end], nonreactive and [blank_start]compatibility[blank_end], free of objectionable [blank_start]odor[blank_end], nontoxic, nonsensitizing, and nonirritating, and aesthetically appealing.
Respuesta
-
stability
-
compatibility
-
odor
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
According to the USP, there are 4 general classes of bases:
- [blank_start]Hydrocarbon[blank_end]
- [blank_start]Absorption[blank_end] (anhydrous, w/o)
- [blank_start]Water removable[blank_end] (o/w)
- [blank_start]Water soluble[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Hydrocarbon
-
Absorption
-
Water removable
-
Water soluble
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
[blank_start]Anhydrous absorption bases[blank_end]:
Hydrocarbon bases that contain emulsifier(s) that form water‐in‐oil emulsions when water or an aqueous solution is added.
Absorbs the highest amount of water.
Respuesta
-
Anhydrous absorption bases
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
[blank_start]W/O emulsions[blank_end]: Contain water (amount depends on
the base). Add something with high HLP value.
Respuesta
-
W/O emulsions
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
[blank_start]Levigation[blank_end]:
The process of reducing particle size of a solid by
triturating or spatulating with a small amount of a viscous liquid or melted base in which the solid is not soluble.
Respuesta
-
Levigation
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Levigating agents that are somewhat viscous liquids with low surface tension that don't contain water include [blank_start]glycerin[blank_end], [blank_start]propylene glycol[blank_end], and [blank_start]mineral oil[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
glycerin
-
propylene glycol
-
mineral oil
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
General rule for choosing a levigating agent:
Choose something that is chemically similar to the base.
- [blank_start]Mineral oil[blank_end] for oily bases
- [blank_start]Glycerin[blank_end] for water-removable bases
Respuesta
-
Glycerin
-
Mineral oil
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Some active ingredients require special levigating agent:
- [blank_start]Tween80[blank_end] for Coal Tar
- [blank_start]Castor Oil[blank_end] for Balsam of Peru
- [blank_start]Glycerin[blank_end] or Fixed Oils for Ichthammol
Respuesta
-
Tween 80
-
Castor Oil
-
Glycerin
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Some ingredients that have compatibility problems:
- Tween 80 is not compatible with [blank_start]w/o emulsion[blank_end] bases
- Castor Oil is not compatible with significant amounts of [blank_start]Mineral Oil[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
w/o emulsion
-
Mineral Oil
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following are water miscible solvents?
Respuesta
-
Isopropyl alcohol
-
Glycerin
-
Propylene glycol
-
PEG400
-
Mineral oil
-
Fixed oils
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Hydrocarbon bases are miscible with most oils but reduces the [blank_start]viscosity[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
viscosity
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
[blank_start]Anhydrous absorption bases[blank_end]:
- Large amounts of water, and lesser amount of alcohol (dissolves the emulsifier)
- Miscible with most oils, but reduces the viscosity
Respuesta
-
Anhydrous absorption bases
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
[blank_start]W/O emulsion[blank_end] bases:
- Variable amounts of water and alcoholic solutions
- Easily accept most oils, but viscosity may decrease
Respuesta
-
W/O emulsion
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
[blank_start]Water removable[blank_end] bases:
- Limited amounts of water or alcohol, eventually thin out to a lotion
- Some amounts of oil, larger amounts by adding polysorbate 80
Respuesta
-
Water removable
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
[blank_start]Water soluble[blank_end] bases:
- Very limited amount of water or alcohol without loss of viscosity
- Some oil, with prior levigation with glycerin or propylene glycol
Respuesta
-
Water soluble
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
[blank_start]Pulverization[blank_end] by [blank_start]intervention[blank_end]:
The material is dissolved in a solvent,
The solvent is allowed to evaporate to produce a thin film
Other ingredients are spread on top of this thin film
Respuesta
-
Pulverization
-
intervention
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
[blank_start]Fusion method[blank_end]:
All or some chemicals in the ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled.
Respuesta
-
Fusion method
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
For pastes, we don't use a [blank_start]levigating agent[blank_end], we use a part of the base.
Respuesta
-
levigating agent
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The issue with pastes and their physical stability is that it could result in [blank_start]phase separation[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
phase separation
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
[blank_start]Microbial content[blank_end]
- Are not required to be sterile (except ophthalmic preparations), but there is a microbial count limit
Respuesta
-
Microbial content
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
To minimize number of micro-organisms:
- Environmental control
- [blank_start]Adding preservatives[blank_end]
- [blank_start]GMP[blank_end]
- Finished product control
Respuesta
-
Adding preservatives
-
GMP
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Special pharmacopeial standards:
- [blank_start]Viscosity[blank_end]
- In-vitro release
- [blank_start]Content uniformity[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Viscosity
-
Content uniformity
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
[blank_start]Minimum Fill[blank_end]:
Determination of net weight or volume
Respuesta
-
Minimum Fill
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
[blank_start]Packaging[blank_end]:
In largemouth jars or metal or plastic tubes
Respuesta
-
Packaging
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
[blank_start]Storage[blank_end]:
Well closed container and cool place.
- Keeps base intact
Respuesta
-
Storage
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