1449025
Descripción
Test por bconstance, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por bconstance
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
In microbiology the term growth usually refers to an increase in
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a microbe's size.
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the number of microbial cells.
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the amount of ATP produced.
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the number and size of microbial cells.
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the number and size of microbial cells and the amount of ATP produced.
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
A cell that uses an organic carbon source and obtains energy from light would be called a
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photoheterotroph
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lithoautotroph
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photoautotroph
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chemoheterotroph.
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chemoautotroph
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A(n) ______________ organism is one that requires oxygen for growth.
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anaerobic
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facultative anaerobic
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aerotolerant
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obligate aerobic
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both aerotolerant and anaerobic
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
An aquatic microbe that can grow only at the surface of the water is probably which of the following?
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a phototroph
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a heterotroph
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a chemotroph
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a lithotroph
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an anaerobe
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following forms of oxygen is detoxified by the enzyme catalase?
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singlet oxygen
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hydroxyl radical
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peroxide anion
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superoxide radical
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molecular oxygen
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
All of the following are used to protect organisms from the toxic by-products of oxygen EXCEPT
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carotenoids.
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superoxide dismutase
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peroxidase
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protease.
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catalase.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A microbe that grows only at the bottom of a tube of thioglycollate is probably a(n)
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obligate aerobe.
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facultative anaerobe.
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aerotolerant anaerobe.
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microaerophile.
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obligate anaerobe.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Nitrogen is growth limiting nutrient for many organisms because
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it is necessary for the biosynthesis of amino acids
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it is required for synthesis of nucleotides.
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it is required for lipid synthesis.
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only a small number of bacteria are able to extract it from the atmosphere.
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only a few microbes can extract it from the atmosphere, but all organisms require it for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following growth factors would NOT be required by microbes which do not utilize electron transport chains?
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heme.
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selenium.
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NADH.
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vitamins.
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amino acids.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism,
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proteins are permanently denatured.
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membranes become too fluid for proper function.
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hydrogen bonds within molecules are broken.
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hydrogen bonds are broken, and proteins are proteins are permanently denatured.
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hydrogen bonds are broken, proteins are denatured, and membranes becomes too fluid.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Human pathogens are classified as
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thermoduric.
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thermophiles.
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mesophiles.
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hyperthermophiles.
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psychrophiles.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The term barophile refers to which of the following growth requirements?
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hydrostatic pressure
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temperature
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nitrogen source
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pH
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osmotic pressure
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following organisms would be most likely to contaminate a jar of pickles?
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a neutrophile
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a thermophile
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an acidophile
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an obligate anaerobe
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a mesophile
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Organisms that can grow with or without oxygen present are
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obligate aerobes.
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facultative anaerobes.
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aerotolerant anaerobes.
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obligate anaerobes.
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either facultative anaerobes or aerotolerant anaerobes.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A fastidious organism might be grown on which of the following types of media?
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transport media
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reducing media
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enriched media
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differential media
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selective media
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Obligate anaerobes may be cultured in the laboratory
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in a reducing medium
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in a candle
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in standard Petri plates.
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on blood agar plates
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on blood agar plates in a candle jar.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Joan wants to discover a microbe capable of degrading an environmental contaminant. Which of the following refers to the process she should use?
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chemostat
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quorum sensing
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enrichment culture
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nitrogen fixation
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
A microbiologist inoculates a growth medium with 100 bacterial cells/ml. If the generation time of the species is 1 hour, and there is no lag phase, how long will it be before the culture contains more than 10,000 cells/ml?
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24 hours
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7 hours
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2 hours
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3 hours
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10 hours
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
An epidemiologist is investigating a new disease and observes what appear to be bacteria inside tissue cells in clinical samples from victims. The scientist wants to try to isolate the bacteria in the lab. What culture conditions are most likely to be successful?
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culturing on blood agar plates
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inoculation of EMB plates
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incubation in a candle jar
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inoculation of cell cultures
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inoculation of a minimal medium broth
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following measurement techniques would be useful to quantify a species of bacteria that is difficult to culture?
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membrane filtration
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viable plate counts
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MPN
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microscopic counts
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metabolic activity
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
MacConkey agar plates represent __________ medium.
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a minimal
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a selective
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a differential
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both a differential and a selective
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both a minimal and a selective
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
A Petroff-Hauser counting chamber is
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a glass slide containing an etched grid for counting microbes directly using a microscope.
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a device that counts cells as they interrupt an electrical current.
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a device that measures the amount of light that passes through a culture.
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an apparatus that traps bacterial cells on a membrane filter where they can be counted.
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a device used to count numbers of bacterial colonies on a Petri plate.
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Another term for the logarithmic growth of bacterial cells is
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generation time.
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exponential growth.
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arithmetic growth.
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absorbance.
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binary fission.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
A device that removes wastes and adds fresh medium to bacterial cultures in order to prolong the log phase of a culture is called a(n)
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Coulter counter.
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cytometer.
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spectrophotometer.
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pellicle.
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chemostat.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
A specimen of urine is determined to contain 30 bacterial cells per microliter. How many cells would be present in a milliliter?
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3
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300
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30,000
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3,000
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30 million
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a direct method for measuring the number of microbes in a sample?
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viable plate counts
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turbidity
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Coulter counter
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MPN
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membrane filtration
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
During which growth phase are bacteria more susceptible to antimicrobial drugs?
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lag phase
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log phase
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stationary phase
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death phase
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the susceptibility is the same for all phases
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The use of salt and sugar in preserving various types of foods is an application of which of the following concepts?
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nitrogen fixation
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osmotic pressure
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pH
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hydrostatic pressure
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quorum sensing
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
A clinical sample labeled as "sputum" was collected from
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the skin.
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the blood
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the central nervous system.
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a piece of tissue.
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the lungs.
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The method of obtaining isolated cultures that utilizes surface area to dilute specimens is called
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the pour-plate technique.
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serial dilution.
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the streak-plate technique.
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transport media.
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enrichment culturing.
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
__________ are complex communities of various types of microbes that adhere to surfaces.
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Aggregates
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Colonies
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Isolates
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Biofilms
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Media
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A colony-forming unit is the number of cells
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in a colony.
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that produces one colony.
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in a particular specimen.
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that is in exponential phase in a culture.
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that can be placed on a Petri plate.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
All of the following ingredients might be found in complex media EXCEPT
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hydrogen peroxide.
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yeast extract.
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blood
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soy extract.
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milk proteins.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Sodium thioglycollate is associated with which of the following types of media?
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transport media
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differential media
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complex media
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reducing media
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selective media
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which of the following quantification techniques can distinguish living cells from dead cells in a culture?
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microscopic counts
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dry weight
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metabolic activity
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a Coulter counter
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turbidity
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
During the __________ of growth, new cells are being produced at the same rate as other cells are dying.
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lag phase
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log phase
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death phase
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stationary phase
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intermediate phase
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
During the __________ of growth, cells are dying faster than new cells are being produced.
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death phase
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lag phase
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log phase
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stationary phase
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longitudinal phase
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
When cells are metabolically active but not dividing, they are in the
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stationary phase.
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log phase.
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lag phase.
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death phase.
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exponential phase.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Metabolic activity is at maximum level in the __________ of growth.
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lag phase
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log phase
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death phase
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stationary phase
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intermediate phase
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Cells are rapidly growing and dividing during the __________ of growth.
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death phase
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lag phase
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log phase
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stationary phase
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indeterminate phase
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
An organism that tolerates high __________ is called a halophile.
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hydrostatic pressure
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salt concentrations
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pH
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carbon dioxide levels
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oxygen levels
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
A capnophile is a microorganism that thrives in conditions of high __________.
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carbon dioxide levels
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hydrostatic pressure
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oxygen levels
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pH
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salt concentration
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
A microorganism found living under conditions of high __________ is a barophile.
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pH values
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oxygen concentrations
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hydrostatic pressure
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carbon dioxide levels
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salt concentrations
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Microaerophiles are microbes that grow best at low
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carbon dioxide levels.
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pH values
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hydrostatic pressure.
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oxygen levels.
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salt concentrations.
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
An acidophile thrives under conditions of low
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carbon dioxide levels.
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salt concentrations.
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oxygen levels.
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hydrostatic pressure.
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pH
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
All of the following are associated with nucleic acid structure EXCEPT
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ribose
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hydrogen bonds.
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uracil
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ionic bonds.
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phosphate
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which of the following is found at the 5 end of a DNA strand?
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a phosphate group
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a hydrogen bond
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a hydroxyl group
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histones
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a methyl group
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
The bacterial chromosome is
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usually circular.
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found in a nucleoid
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found in a nucleus.
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both circular and found in a nucleoid.
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both circular and found in a nucleus.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which of the following types of plasmids allows a bacterial cell to kill its competitors?
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virulence factors
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fertility factors
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bacteriocin factors
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resistance factors
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cryptic plasmids
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT involved the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes?
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nucleosomes
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histones
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heterochromatin
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euchromatin
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Okazaki fragments
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is true of bacterial plasmids?
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They are found in the nucleoid.
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They can replicate autonomously
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They carry genes for essential metabolic functions.
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They are small circular DNA molecules.
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They are small circular DNA molecules that can replicate autonomously.
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
DNA helicases
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break hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotides.
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synthesize short DNA molecules important for the function of DNA polymerase.
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seal gaps between DNA fragments.
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proofread DNA molecules.
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assist in recognition of promoters during transcription.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Which of the following statements concerning transcription in bacteria is FALSE?
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It occurs in the nucleoid region.
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Sigma factors are parts of RNA polymerase that recognize promoter regions.
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The same RNA polymerase transcribes primer RNA, mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
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Termination is either self-induced or due to the presence of Rho protein.
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There are a variety of sigma factors that affect transcription.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Which of the following is involved in translation?
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rRNA
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tRNA
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mRNA
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both mRNA and tRNA
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mRNA, rRNA and tRNA are all involved.
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Which of the following is a characteristic shared by DNA and RNA polymerases?
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efficiency of proofreading
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type of nucleotides used
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direction of polymerization
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speed
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dependence on helicase
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which of the following is the strongest base pair?
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guanine-cytosine
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adenine-uracil
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adenine-thymine
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guanine-thymine
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both adenine-uracil and adenine-thymine
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
A codon is a particular combination of three nucleotides. Therefore, there are __________ possible combinations of the nucleotides A, C, G, and T.
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16
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4
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12
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64
-
32
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
The AUG codon functions in coding for the amino acid methionine and as a
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termination signal.
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start signal
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"wobble" codon.
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marker for introns
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recognition site for RNA polymerase
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of the following must be removed from a eukaryotic mRNA molecule before it can be translated?
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promoter
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exon
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intron
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anticodon
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codon
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
A charged tRNA first enters the ribosomal __________ site and then moves into the __________ site.
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A, E
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P, A
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P, E
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A, P
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E, A
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Which of the following statements regarding eukaryotic transcription is FALSE?
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Transcription occurs in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts (if present).
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Multiple transcription factors are required.
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There are four different RNA polymerases.
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Multiple elongation factors are required.
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A guanine is added to the 3 end, and a poly-A tail is added to the 5 end of the mRNA transcript.
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Semiconservative DNA replication means that
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each daughter DNA molecule is composed of one original strand and one new strand.
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nucleotides are constantly being recycled as cells make DNA.
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the cell can proofread its newly synthesized DNA only part of the time.
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the sequence of a DNA molecule is preserved as it is being replicated.
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each strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule is replicated differently.
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Okazaki fragments?
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They are checked for accuracy by DNA polymerase III.
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They make up the lagging strand of replicated DNA.
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They begin with an RNA primer.
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They are joined together by DNA ligase.
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They are longer in eukaryotic cells.
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
The proofreading function of DNA polymerase III results in an error rate of __________ during DNA replication.
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1 error in 1,000 bases
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1 error in 100,000 bases
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1 error in 1 million bases
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1 error in 10 million bases
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1 error in 10 billion bases
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Which of the following processes is involved in the "central dogma" of genetics?
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translation
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transcription
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DNA replication
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transcription and translation
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DNA replication and translation
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Inducible operons
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are active in the presence of a repressor
-
are generally anabolic pathways
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are normally active
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usually require an activator to be transcribed.
-
usually require a repressor to be transcribed.
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Which of the following are considered to be frameshift mutations?
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insertions
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inversions
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deletions
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both inversion and insertion
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both deletions and insertions
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
If the codon AAA is changed to AAG, it still codes for the amino acid lysine; this is an example of a
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silent mutation
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nonsense mutation
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frameshift mutation
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gross mutation
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missense mutation
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Which of the following causes mutations by creating thymine dimers?
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nucleotide analogs
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nitrous acid
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ultraviolet light
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benzopyrene
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gamma rays
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
DNA damage caused by ethidium bromide results in __________ mutations.
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insertion
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substitution
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deletion
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both inversion and insertion
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both insertion and deletion
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Which of the following is a DNA repair enzyme activated by visible light?
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transposase
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DNA photolyase
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bacteriocin
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DNA ligase
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primase
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
The Ames test proves that a chemical is
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carcinogenic
-
carcinogenic in Salmonella
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mutagenic in Salmonella
-
carcinogenic in humans
-
mutagenic in humans
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
The horizontal transfer process known as transduction
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involves a virus
-
involves a pilus
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requires a cell to be "competent"
-
requires a plasmid
-
involves a mutagen
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Frederick Griffith discovered
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transformation
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transposons
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the lac operon
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DNA
-
conjugation
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
In conjugation, F+ cells
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serve as recipient cells
-
contain an F plasmid
-
do not have conjugation pili
-
can transfer DNA only to other F+ cells
-
contain "jumping genes"
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Another term for the palindromic sequence found at the ends of transposons is a(n)
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complex
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bacteriophage
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insertion sequence
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inverted repeat
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transposase
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
Which of the following is characteristic of prokaryotic genomes but NOT eukaryotic genomes?
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histones
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circular chromosomes
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linear chromosomes
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enclosed in nuclear membrane
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typically consist of a few to several chromosomes
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Genes are active in a region of the eukaryotic chromosome called
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heterochromatin
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the histone
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the nucleoid
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the plasmid
-
euchromatin
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
The energy required for DNA replication comes from
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DNA polymerase
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triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
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DNA ligase
-
RNA primer
-
the leading strand
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT involved in the regulation of the lac operon?
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-
an inducer
-
a repressor protein
-
an iRNA
-
glucose
-
cyclic AMP
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Genetic elements known as promoters are initiation points in the process of
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DNA replication
-
transcription
-
translation
-
mutation repair
-
transformation
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Codons are recognized during
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-
translation
-
transcription
-
base excision
-
DNA replication
-
transduction
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
__________ is initiated at sequences called origins
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-
DNA replication
-
translation
-
splicing
-
transcription
-
transposition
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
The process of __________ requires the activity of DNA ligase.
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translation
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capping
-
transcription
-
DNA replication
-
transduction
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
RNA polymerase is primarily responsible for
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DNA replication
-
translation
-
transcription
-
transformation
-
polyadenylation
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
The process of __________ requires participation of tRNA molecules
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-
DNA replication
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capping
-
transduction
-
translation
-
dark repair
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
The process of __________ is initiated with the incorporation of fMet.
Respuesta
-
translation
-
transcription
-
capping
-
DNA replication
-
light repair
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Initiation of __________ involves Sigma factor molecules.
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-
DNA replication
-
translation
-
transcription
-
splicing
-
termination
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
The process of __________ is described as semiconservative.
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-
translation
-
transcription
-
mismatch repair
-
transformation
-
DNA replication
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
During __________, the growing polymer is located in the P site.
Respuesta
-
polyadenylation
-
DNA replication
-
mismatch repair
-
transcription
-
translation
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Standard methods of sterilization are not effective in inactivating
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-
viruses
-
bacterial cells
-
prions
-
bacterial endospores
-
fungi
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is true of disinfectants?
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Disinfectants are effective in destroying endospores.
-
Disinfectants are used on living tissue.
-
Disinfectants are used for sterilization
-
Disinfectants are used on inanimate surfaces.
-
Disinfectants are only effective for short periods of time (seconds to minutes).
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Which of the following statements concerning microbial death is FALSE?
Respuesta
-
It can be used to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.
-
It is constant over time of exposure to an antimicrobial agent.
-
It is the permanent loss of a microbe's reproductive ability.
-
It is the permanent loss of a microbe's ability to reproduce and can be used to evaluate antimicrobial agents
-
It is not an effective means of evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Which of the following is an example of sanitization?
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-
A public toilet is treated with disinfectants.
-
A surgeon washes her hands before surgery
-
Heat is used to kill potential pathogens in apple juice.
-
An autoclave is used to prepare nutrient agar.
-
A nurse prepares an injection site with an alcohol swab.
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Aseptic means
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sterile
-
free of all microbes
-
clean
-
sanitized
-
free of pathogens
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Which of the following would NOT be bacteriostatic?
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-
desiccation
-
freezing below 0 degrees Celsius
-
lyophilization
-
autoclaving
-
refrigeration of mesophiles
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Antimicrobial agents that damage nucleic acids also affect
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-
the cell wall
-
the cell membrane
-
the viral envelope
-
endospores
-
protein synthesis
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Seventy percent alcohol is effective against
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-
enveloped viruses
-
noneveloped viruses
-
bacterial endospores
-
protozoan cysts
-
prions
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
An instrument that will come into contact with only the skin of a patient should be disinfected with a(n)
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-
high-level germicide
-
low-level germicide.
-
intermediate-level germicide.
-
degerming agent only.
-
germistatic agent only.
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an effective means of sterilization?
Respuesta
-
ionizing radiation
-
incineration
-
lyophilization
-
autoclaving
-
dry heat
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
Which of the following describes flash pasteurization?
Respuesta
-
heating at 63°C for 30 minutes
-
heating at 72°C for 15 seconds
-
heating at 72°C for 15 minutes
-
heating at 134°C for one second
-
passing liquid through steam at 140°C
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
The dairy creamer used in restaurants is usually sterilized by
Respuesta
-
filtration
-
ionizing radiation
-
lyophilization
-
UHT sterilization
-
autoclaving
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
Boiling water for 10 minutes is effective in ridding it of
Respuesta
-
actively growing bacteria
-
enveloped viruses
-
bacterial endospores
-
protozoan cysts
-
both growing bacteria and enveloped viruses
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a feature associated with filtration?
Respuesta
-
nitrocellulose or plastic membrane filters
-
sterilization of heat-sensitive materials
-
varying thicknesses of membrane filters used
-
use of HEPA filters to filter air
-
ability of some filters to trap viruses and proteins
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
Which of the following is a target of pasteurization?
Respuesta
-
Bacillus stearothermophilus
-
Clostridium botulinum
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-
Chlamydia trachomatis
-
Brucella melitensis
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
Which of the following types of radiation is nonionizing and has the shortest wavelength?
Respuesta
-
ultraviolet light
-
infrared radiation
-
microwaves
-
X rays
-
gamma rays
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables?
Respuesta
-
X rays
-
ultraviolet
-
electron beams
-
microwaves
-
gamma rays
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
Which of the following can be used to disinfect air?
Respuesta
-
HEPA filters
-
ethylene oxide
-
ultraviolet light
-
both HEPA and ultraviolet light
-
both ethylene oxide and ultraviolet light
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
Lysol is an example of which of the following groups of chemical antimicrobial agents?
Respuesta
-
halogens
-
phenolics
-
alcohols
-
aldehydes
-
surfactants
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
Which of the following is the most appropriate pairing of microbe and biosafety level?
Respuesta
-
E. coli, BSL-3
-
anthrax, BSL-1
-
Ebola, BSL-2
-
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), BSL-2
-
tuberculosis, BSL-1
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
Betadine is an example of which of the following groups of antimicrobial agents?
Respuesta
-
alcohols
-
heavy metals
-
halogens
-
phenolics
-
surfactants
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about quaternary ammonium compounds is FALSE?
Respuesta
-
They are a type of detergent.
-
Zephiran is an example of a quat.
-
They are not effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
-
They function by cross-linking proteins.
-
They are harmless to humans except at high concentrations.
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
Which of the following is a sterilizing agent?
Respuesta
-
ozone
-
hydrogen peroxide
-
peracetic acid
-
dish soap
-
ozone and hydrogen peroxide
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
Which of the following was used in the past to prevent the transmission of gonorrhea from an infected mother to her newborn?
Respuesta
-
hydrogen peroxide
-
beta-propiolactone
-
thimerosal
-
hexachlorophene
-
silver nitrate
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
Which of the following is used to sterilize items that should not, or cannot, be exposed to heat or water?
Respuesta
-
ethylene oxide
-
formaldehyde
-
hydrogen peroxide
-
calcium hypochlorite
-
triclosan
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about aldehydes is FALSE?
Respuesta
-
They are used only to preserve dead tissues.
-
They denature proteins.
-
Some aldehydes can sterilize after long periods of exposure.
-
They are usually hazardous to humans.
-
They are used in aqueous solutions.
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
Disinfecting agents naturally produced by microorganisms are
Respuesta
-
aldehydes
-
antimicrobials.
-
halogens
-
quats
-
triclosans
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
A chemical agent that kills pathogenic microbes in general is a(n)
Respuesta
-
sanitizer
-
germicide
-
disinfectant
-
fungicide
-
antiseptic
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial agent?
Respuesta
-
It is inexpensive
-
It is stable during storage
-
It is harmless to humans
-
It only arrests grows of vegetative cells.
-
It acts quickly
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
The endospores of which of the following microbes are used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?
Respuesta
-
Clostridium botulinum
-
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-
Bacillus stearothermophilus
-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-
Mycobacterium bovis
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
A scientist develops a new medication that is a protein compound and that must be administered by injection. Which of the following would be the most effective and safest means of preparing a sterile solution of the new medication?
Respuesta
-
autoclaving
-
filtration
-
dilution with alcohol
-
lyophilization
-
ultraviolet irradiation
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
Which of the following procedures is currently the standard test used in the United States for evaluating the efficiency of antiseptics and disinfectants?
Respuesta
-
use-dilution test
-
microbial death rate
-
in-use test
-
thermal death point
-
phenol coefficient
Pregunta 123
Pregunta
Which of the following would be used to sterilize a mattress?
Respuesta
-
autoclaving
-
formaldehyde
-
ethylene oxide
-
heavy metals
-
radiation
Pregunta 124
Pregunta
Disinfectants that damage membranes include
Respuesta
-
alcohol
-
phenolics
-
iodine
-
hydrogen peroxide
-
both alcohol and phenolics
Pregunta 125
Pregunta
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is the most toxic to humans?
Respuesta
-
70 % alcohol
-
ethylene oxide
-
quats
-
chloramines
-
iodophors
Pregunta 126
Pregunta
The process of filtration is a(n)
Respuesta
-
disinfectant method.
-
sterilizing method.
-
sanitization method.
-
antiseptic procedure.
-
ineffective method for removing microbes.
Pregunta 127
Pregunta
Hydrogen peroxide is a(n)
Respuesta
-
sterilizing agent.
-
disinfecting agent.
-
antiseptic.
-
disinfecting and sterilizing agent.
-
ineffective method of disinfecting.
Pregunta 128
Pregunta
The process of incineration is used for
Respuesta
-
sterilization
-
disinfection
-
sanitization
-
both disinfection and sanitization
-
degerming
Pregunta 129
Pregunta
Alcohols are used for
Respuesta
-
disinfection.
-
sterilization.
-
antisepsis.
-
both sterilization and disinfection.
-
both antisepsis and disinfection.
Pregunta 130
Pregunta
The chemical agents known as "quats" are used for
Respuesta
-
antisepsis
-
disinfection
-
sterilization
-
quantifying antimicrobial activity
-
neither antisepsis nor disinfection
Pregunta 131
Pregunta
The compound ethylene oxide is used in
Respuesta
-
sanitization.
-
sterilization.
-
antisepsis.
-
degerming.
-
disinfection.
Pregunta 132
Pregunta
Glutaraldehyde is used for
Respuesta
-
antisepsis.
-
disinfection.
-
sterilization
-
sanitization.
-
both disinfection and sterilization.
Pregunta 133
Pregunta
__________ may be achieved using chlorine dioxide.
Respuesta
-
Disinfection
-
Sterilization
-
Degerming
-
Antisepsis
-
Both antisepsis and degerming
Pregunta 134
Pregunta
Gamma irradiation is a process for
Respuesta
-
sterilization.
-
disinfection.
-
antisepsis.
-
degerming.
-
both antisepsis and disinfection.
Pregunta 135
Pregunta
__________ can be accomplished using boiling water.
Respuesta
-
Sanitization
-
Disinfection
-
Sterilization
-
Antisepsis
-
Both disinfection and sanitization
Pregunta 136
Pregunta
Obligate anaerobes have enzymes such as superoxide dismutase to protect them from the damaging effects of oxygen.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 137
Pregunta
Nitrogen fixation is a process that occurs in all bacteria.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 138
Pregunta
Thermoduric mesophiles are often responsible for spoilage of improperly canned foods.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 139
Pregunta
An obligate halophile will burst if placed in freshwater.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 140
Pregunta
The only effective way to store bacterial cultures for short periods of time is to arrest their metabolism by freezing.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 141
Pregunta
Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria respond to the density of other bacteria in their environment.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 142
Pregunta
An obligate anaerobe can be cultured in a candle jar.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 143
Pregunta
Agar is a useful compound in the microbiology lab because it is an excellent nutrient for bacteria.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 144
Pregunta
A selective medium can be formulated either by including inhibitory chemical substances or by leaving out a single crucial nutrient.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 145
Pregunta
In spectrophotometry, 40% light transmission is the same thing as 60% absorbance of light.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 146
Pregunta
Prokaryotic cells are diploid.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 147
Pregunta
Prokaryotes have one type of DNA polymerase, which is different from that of eukaryotes.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 148
Pregunta
The most common type of mutation is a point mutation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 149
Pregunta
Most bacteria have a natural ability to take up DNA from their environment.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 150
Pregunta
The structure of DNA explains both its ability to encode genetic information and the way in which it is copied during cell reproduction.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 151
Pregunta
DNA, which is negatively charged, wraps around positively charged histones as part of the packaging of eukaryotic chromosomes.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 152
Pregunta
Bidirectional replication means that each strand of a DNA molecule is replicated in the opposite direction from the other.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 153
Pregunta
The phenotype of an organism reflects only part of its genotype.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 154
Pregunta
In generalized transduction, viruses carry random DNA sequences from one cell to another.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 155
Pregunta
DNA polymerase III participates in the dark repair mechanism of DNA mutation repair.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 156
Pregunta
An environment may contain some microbes and still be considered sterile.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 157
Pregunta
Some viruses are inactivated by the same chemical or physical agents that damage cytoplasmic membranes.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 158
Pregunta
UV light has the most effect on protein structure.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 159
Pregunta
Antimicrobial agents usually work best at high temperatures and pH levels.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 160
Pregunta
The phenol coefficient is one of the most widely used measurements of an antimicrobial agent's effectiveness.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 161
Pregunta
No chemical or antimicrobial agents inactivate prions.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 162
Pregunta
The decimal reduction time is the time required to kill all the microbes in a given sample.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 163
Pregunta
Slow freezing is more damaging to microbial cells than quick freezing.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 164
Pregunta
Hydrogen peroxide is an effective antiseptic.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 165
Pregunta
By themselves, soaps have only degerming activity, not antimicrobial activity.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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