W2 Questions

Biochemistry Binding of which of the following molecules increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?

Biochemistry What does oxygen bind to in myoglobin and hemoglobin?

When should you wash your hands rather than use hand sanitizer?

What is the auscultatory gap?

Sickle Cell Workshop What is the molecular base of sickle cell disease?

Embryology- Gastrulation A 25-year old woman gives birth to her first child, after having had prenatal ultrasounds that revealed no obvious defects. However, the attending physician discovers a small protruding mass extending from the coccyx region (tailbone) that is palpable and may affect normal defecation. However, the infant appears to have normal neuronal function (no paralysis or spasms) and is otherwise healthy. What is the most likely cause of this abnormality?

Embryology: gastrulation Persistence of which of the following embryonic structures or tissues is MOST likely to give rise to a teratoma on the posterior surface of the coccyx (tailbone) region?

Intro to Histology Which type of tissue is characterized by considerable extracellular space?

Intro to Histology Which type of tissue is characterized by polarized cells with distinct apical and basal surfaces?

Intro to Histology Why is tissue fixation used in histology?

Biochemistry What are enzymes with slightly different molecular structures/sequences but perform identical reactions called?

Enzymes A drug that is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme is more potent than a competitive inhibitor because the drug:

Enzymes What effect does an uncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzyme?

Enzymes Many enzymes, membrane transporters, and other proteins can be quickly activated or inactivated by phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues catalyzed by which of the following?

Enzymes Hydrolases are a class of enzyme that catalyze reactions involving which of the following?

Epidemiology In a cross-sectional study the reported mean BMI in a sample of 1,024 fourteen-year-old adolescents was 24.2 with a Standard Deviation of 6.4, and a Standard Error of [(6.4)/(Sqrt 1034)] = 6.4/32 = 0.2. Assuming a symmetric distribution, the range of BMIs that would capture ~95% of fourteen-year-old adolescents in this population is best described by which of the following?

Epidemiology The table from class that compares V02 max in males and females with different characteristics showed that for males, those with recent vigorous physical activity had a V02 max = 47.1 mL/kg/min and those without recent vigorous physical activity had a V02 max = 44.7, with a p-value < 0.001. The correct interpretation of this p-value would be which of the following?

Galactosemia A 5-month old boy presents in your office with hypoglycemia after eating baby fruits such as strained plums. He has a history of nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort and hypoglycemia after consuming fruit juice or baby fruits. The symptoms are consistent with hereditary fructose intolerance or aldolase B deficiency. Why does this child with aldolase B deficiency develop low blood glucose after consumption of fructose?

Galactosemia (Gillingham) A 5-day-old female infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, jaundice and failure to thrive. She was 5 lb 2 oz. at birth with apgar score of 9 and was discharged to home on DOL 2. Mom has been breastfeeding this infant but she has had increasing symptoms of feeding intolerance and decreased intake. Upon exam, her lens has an oil drop appearance to them. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Gastrulation Which of the following processes requires the formation of the notochord?

Glycolysis For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following?

Glycolysis The glycolysis pathway committing step enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is inhibited by:

Histology Which chemical compounds found in tissues are stained by the PAS (periodic acid Schiff) method?

Imatinib The fusion of the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene with the N-terminus of Abl kinase results in a BCR-Abl kinase fusion protein. What change in the kinase caused by the fusion event keeps the enzyme constitutively active?

Imatinib (Gleevec) inhibits Abl tyrosine kinase activity by serving as a:

Membranes The lipid bilayer is formed spontaneously because:

Misfolding Amyloid formation, the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, is dictated by which of the following ?

Misfolding After exposure to stress such as excessive heat, chaperone proteins function by:

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and stimulates which of the following?

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis (Farrell) Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the pentose phosphate pathway results in which of the following?

PyrDH/TCA Which of the following pathways occurs entirely within the mitochondria?

PyrDH/TCA (Farrell) Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is inhibited by which of the following?

Translation Please use the attached image to answer the following: After translation initiation, during ongoing protein synthesis, tRNAs carrying an amino acid first bind to the ribosome at which of the sites shown below?

Translation (Mayinger) During translation, the peptidyl transferase catalyzes which one of the following reactions?

Epidemiology The Iowa Women's Health cohort study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk (incidence) of different histological types of lung cancer. For adenocarcinoma, it estimated the annual incidence to be 46/100,000 in light smokers (1- 19/day) with (95% CI: 31, 61). The correct interpretation for this Confidence Interval would be: