Test
Basics
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Preguntas del test (41)
1In the cortex there are [blank_start]20%[blank_end] of all neurons, but it contains [blank_start]80%[blank_end] of the brain's mass.
In the cerebellum there are [blank_start]50%[blank_end] of all neurons, but it contains [blank_start]10%[blank_end] of the brain's mass.- A20%
- B40%
- C50%
- D20%
- E80%
- F30%
- G10%
- H50%
2[blank_start]10%[blank_end] of all neurons are lost over time.
- A10%
- B40%
3The brain represents only [blank_start]2-3%[blank_end] of the body's mass but needs [blank_start]20%[blank_end] of the energy.
- A2-3%
- B4-5%
- C20%
- D25%
4Local graded potentials
- Aare weak
- Bhave a varying amplitude
- Care passive
- Dprovide a poor representation of the information
- Ecan travel a long distance
5Action potentials
- Ahave an amplitude of ~0.3mV
- Blast ~1ms
- Care regenerative
- Dare an all-or-nothing event
- Eprovide a good representation of the encoded information
6The problem with intracellular recordings is that they [blank_start]cannot be recorded in behaving animals[blank_end].
- Acannot be recorded in behaving animals
- Blook different than normal action potent
7The membrane is a [blank_start]lipid bilayer[blank_end].
- Alipid bilayer
8Kation channels have a [blank_start]high[blank_end] specificity, anion channels have a [blank_start]low[blank_end] specificity.
- Ahigh
- Blow
9Ion channels can be activated by
- Astretch
- Bheat
- Cligands
- Dvoltage
- Ephotons
- Fphosphorylation
10Ohm's law: I = [blank_start]V/R[blank_end]
- AV/R
11The opposite of the resistance is called [blank_start]conductance[blank_end].
- Aconductance
12The conductance depends on
- Achannel permeability
- Bconcentration of ions in the region
- Ctemperature
- Dvalence of ions
13The equilibrium potential is the potential at which the [blank_start]ion flux[blank_end] due to [blank_start]concentration[blank_end] difference and ion flux due to the [blank_start]electrical potential[blank_end] gradient balance each other so that there is no [blank_start]net[blank_end] movement of ions and no net current.
- Aion flux
- Bconcentration
- Celectrical potential
- Dnet
14The Nernst equation depends on
- Athe ion concentration
- Bthe valence of ions
- Cthe channel permeability
- Dthe conductance of the specific ion channels
- Ethe temperature
15The [blank_start]osmotic balance[blank_end] is the state in which the total concentrations of soluble particles is equal inside and outside of the cell.
- Aosmotic balance
16Since the charges collect at the membrane it has the properties of a [blank_start]capacitor[blank_end], while [blank_start]cytoplasm[blank_end] and [blank_start]extracellular[blank_end] space remain neutral.
- Acapacitor
- Bcytoplasm
- Cextracellular
17The driving force: [blank_start]V-E[blank_end]
- AV-E
18In the equilibrium state there is no [blank_start]net current[blank_end], therefore the different ion-currents add up to [blank_start]0[blank_end].
- Anet current
- B0
19The sodium-potassium pump (Na-K ATPase) transports [blank_start]3[blank_end] Na+ [blank_start]out[blank_end] and [blank_start]2[blank_end] K+ [blank_start]in[blank_end].
It uses [blank_start]1[blank_end] ATP.- A3
- B2
- C1
- D4
- Eout
- Fin
- G2
- H1
- I3
- J4
- Kin
- Lout
- M1
- N2
- O3
20I_Na / I_K = -[blank_start]3[blank_end]/[blank_start]2[blank_end]
- A3
- B2
21The depolarization is due to the [blank_start]influx[blank_end] of [blank_start]sodium[blank_end].
The hyperpolarization is due to the [blank_start]outflux[blank_end] of [blank_start]potassium[blank_end].- Ainflux
- Boutflux
- Csodium
- Dpotassium
- Ecalcium
- Foutflux
- Ginflux
- Hpotassium
- Isodium
- Jcalcium
22The absolute refractory period can be explained by the [blank_start]inactivation[blank_end] of [blank_start]sodium[blank_end] channels.
The relative refractory period can be explained by the extended [blank_start]opening[blank_end] of [blank_start]potassium[blank_end] channels.- Ainactivation
- Bactivation
- Csodium
- Dpotassium
- Ecalcium
- Fopening
- Gclosing
- Hpotassium
- Isodium
- Jcalcium
23An action potential can only travel in one direction due to the inactivated [blank_start]sodium[blank_end] channels.
- Asodium
- Bpotassium
- Ccalcium
24The length constant depends on the [blank_start]internal[blank_end] resistance per unit length and the [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] resistance per unit length.
- Ainternal
- Bmembrane
25A large length constant means a [blank_start]higher[blank_end] speed.
- Ahigher
- Blower
26The length constant can be increased by:
(a) [blank_start]decreasing[blank_end] the internal resistance by [blank_start]thicker[blank_end] axons
(b) [blank_start]increasing[blank_end] the membrane resistance by [blank_start]improved[blank_end] insulation- Adecreasing
- Bincreasing
- Cthicker
- Dthinner
- Eincreasing
- Fdecreasing
- Gimproved
- Hpoorer
27In the CNS myelin is formed by [blank_start]oligodendrocytes[blank_end].
In the PNS myelin is formed by [blank_start]Schwann cells[blank_end].- Aoligodendrocytes
- BSchwann cells
28?
- ANodes of Ranvier
29The fact that the action potential in an insulated axon jumps from node to node is called the [blank_start]saltatory[blank_end] propagation of action potentials.
- Asaltatory
30The highest observed speed of an action potential happened in a shrimp and was about [blank_start]200[blank_end] m/s.
- A200
- B150
- C100
- D250
31Electric synapses are formed by [blank_start]gap junctions[blank_end].
- Agap junctions
32Most electric synapses are [blank_start]bidirectional[blank_end].
The synaptic transmission happens [blank_start]almost instantaneous[blank_end] and [blank_start]also sub-threshold potentials[blank_end] can be transmitted.- Abidirectional
- Bunidirectional
- Calmost instantaneous
- Dwith a delay
- Ealso sub-threshold potentials
- Fonly sup-threshold potentials
33Chemical synapses contain [blank_start]mitochondria[blank_end] for energy supply and [blank_start]synaptic vesicles[blank_end] that carry neurotransmitters.
- Amitochondria
- Bsynaptic vesicles
34Signal transmission at a chemical synapse:
(1) The arrival of an action potential opens voltage-gated [blank_start]calcium[blank_end]-channels.
(2) The increase of calcium-ions triggers the release of neurotransmitters through [blank_start]exocytosis[blank_end] of synaptic vesicles into the [blank_start]synaptic cleft[blank_end].
(3) The neurotransmitters bin to receptors and [blank_start]open[blank_end] channels.
The used neurotransmitters get either reabsorbed into the [blank_start]presynaptic[blank_end] cell or broken down metabolically.- Acalcium
- Bsodium
- Cpotassium
- Dexocytosis
- Eendocytosis
- Fsynaptic cleft
- Gsynaptic gap
- Hsynaptic fissure
- Iopen
- Jclose
- Kpresynaptic
- Lpostsynaptic
35The signal transmission through transmitter-gated ion channels happens [blank_start]fast and transient[blank_end]. This is also called [blank_start]direct[blank_end] gating.
There is also [blank_start]G-protein-coupled[blank_end] receptors, which is [blank_start]slower, longer lasting[blank_end] and can have more diverse effects (e.g. an amplification of the signal).
This is also called [blank_start]indirect[blank_end] gating.- Afast and transient
- Bslow and is long lasting
- Cdirect
- Dindirect
- Eindirect
- Fdirect
- GG-protein-coupled
- HF-enzyme-coupled
- IH-molecule-coupled
- Jslower, longer lasting
- Kfaster, more transient
36Postsynaptic potentials are [blank_start]graded[blank_end].
The most important neurotransmitters for EPSPs are:
- [blank_start]glutamate[blank_end] in the CNS
- [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end] for skeletal muscles
The most important neurotransmitters for IPSPs are:
- [blank_start]GABA[blank_end]
- [blank_start]glycine[blank_end]
- [blank_start]acetylcholine[blank_end] for smooth muscles (e.g. the heart)- Agraded
- Bfixed
- Cglutamate
- DGABA
- Eglycine
- Facetylcholine
- Gglutamate
- Hglycine
- IGABA
- Jglutamate
- Kglycine
- Lglutamate
- Macetylcholine
- Nglutamate
37Which figure represents spatial summation and which represents temporal summation?
- ATime
- BVm
- CSpatial summation
- DTemporal summation
38The membrane potential is a consequence of an ion [blank_start]imbalance[blank_end] on both sides of a [blank_start]selectively permeable[blank_end] membrane.
The properties of an action potential result from the dynamics of [blank_start]ion channels[blank_end].
(Chemical) synapses transmit [blank_start]electric potentials[blank_end] from the pre- to the postsynaptic cell by triggering a gating mechanism of specialized ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane.- Aimbalance
- Bbalance
- Cselectively permeable
- Dimpermeable
- Epermeable
- Fion channels
- Gthe synapses
- Hthe axon
- ISchwann cells
- Jelectric potentials
- Kchemical signals
- Lneurotransmitters
39[blank_start]10[blank_end] % of the cells in the brain are neurons, [blank_start]90[blank_end] % are glia cells.
- A10
- B90
40Each neuron receives input and sends output from/to approximately [blank_start]10,000[blank_end] neurons.
- A10,000
41The [blank_start]axon hillock[blank_end] is the last site in the soma where membrane potentials propagated from synaptic inputs are summated before being transmitted to the axon.
- Aaxon hillock
Información
- Descripción
- Master (From Membrane to Brain [Lecture]) Neuroscience Test sobre Basics, creado por Lukas Paulun el 08/11/2018.
- Autor
- Lukas Paulun
- Idioma
- Deutsch
- Visitas
- 15
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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