1743709
Descripción
Test por Crystal Thorn, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Crystal Thorn
hace más de 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
A 19-year-old male college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets. A drug that stimulates which of the following areas would best treat his problem?
Respuesta
-
Reticular activating system
-
Cerebellum
-
Hypothalamus
-
Corpora quadrigemina
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
A 32-year-old female suffers from severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident. After rehabilitation she notices that her thought processes and goal-oriented behavior are impaired. Which area does the nurse suspect is damaged?
Respuesta
-
Thalamus
-
Limbic
-
Occipital
-
Prefrontal
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A neurologist is teaching about the location of the primary visual cortex in the brain. Which area is the neurologist discussing?
Respuesta
-
Parietal lobe
-
Frontal lobe
-
Occipital lobe
-
Temporal lobe
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
A nurse is preparing to teach about functions to maintain homeostasis and instinctive behavioral patterns. Which area of the brain is the nurse discussing?
Respuesta
-
Cerebellum
-
Medulla
-
Thalamus
-
Hypothalamus
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A student nurse asks the nurse what controls reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure. What is the nurse’s best response? These reflex activities are controlled by the:
Respuesta
-
Pons
-
Cerebrum
-
Medulla oblongata
-
Midbrain
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What term should the nurse use when talking about the outermost membrane surrounding the brain?
Respuesta
-
Dura mater
-
Pia mater
-
Falx cerebri
-
Arachnoid mater
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The _____ ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain.
Respuesta
-
Carotid arteries
-
Circle of Willis
-
Basal artery
-
Vertebral arteries
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
An aide asks a nurse what neurotransmitters interact with. Which response is the nurse’s best answer? Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to a:
Respuesta
-
Receptor
-
Nissl body
-
Neurofibril
-
Glial cell
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A patient asks the nurse where nociceptors can be found. How should the nurse respond? One location in which nociceptors can be found is the:
Respuesta
-
Hypothalamus
-
Efferent pathways
-
Spinal cord
-
Skin
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which finding indicates the patient is having complications from heat stroke?
Respuesta
-
Cerebral edema and degeneration of the CNS
-
Alterations in calcium uptake
-
Mild elevation of core body temperatures
-
Spasmodic cramping in the abdomen and extremities
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
A 50-year-old diabetic patient experiences visual disturbances and decides to visit his primary care provider. After examination, the primary care provider tells the patient that the cells that allow him to see are degenerated. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?
Respuesta
-
Lens
-
Pupil
-
Retina
-
Cornea
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
When a neurologist explains how pricking a finger with a needle provides minimal pain while cutting the finger with a knife provides more severe pain, what theory is being described?
Respuesta
-
Gate control theory
-
Specificity theory
-
Neuromodulation
-
Neuromatrix theory
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
A patient has increased intraocular pressure. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?
Respuesta
-
Glaucoma
-
Diplopia
-
Nystagmus
-
Ocular degeneration
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which group of people is most prone to red-green color blindness?
Respuesta
-
Males
-
Elderly persons
-
Females
-
Children
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The nurse would expect the patient with an alteration in proprioception to experience vertigo which is manifested by:
Respuesta
-
Loss of feeling in the lips
-
Headache
-
Light sensitivity
-
A sensation that the room is spinning
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
When a patient has a peculiar sensation that immediately precedes a seizure, what term should the nurse use to describe this sensation?
Respuesta
-
Spasm
-
Aura
-
Prodroma
-
Agnosia
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A patient has memory loss of events that occurred before a head injury. What cognitive disorder does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
Respuesta
-
Selective memory deficit
-
Executive memory deficit
-
Anterograde amnesia
-
Retrograde amnesia
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
A 20-year-old male suffers a severe closed head injury in a motor vehicle accident. He remains in a vegetative state (VS) 1 month after the accident. Which of the following structures is most likely keeping him in a vegetative state?
Respuesta
-
Cerebellum
-
Brainstem
-
Spinal cord
-
Cerebral cortex
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The patient is experiencing an increase in intracranial pressure. This increase results in:
Respuesta
-
Ventricular swelling
-
Expansion of the cranial vault
-
Intracranial hypotension
-
Brain tissue hypoxia
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
A 20-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. A spinal cord injury is suspected. What two regions should the nurse assess as they are most likely to be damaged?
Respuesta
-
Cervical and thoracic regions
-
Thoracic and lumbar regions
-
Cervical and lumbar regions
-
Lumbar and sacral regions
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
A 33-year-old male is brought to the ER for treatment of injuries received in a motor vehicle accident. An MRI reveals an injury of the cervical cord. Cord swelling in this region may be life threatening because:
Respuesta
-
Bladder emptying will not occur.
-
Diaphragm function may be impaired.
-
Reflexes will be disrupted.
-
Increased ICP may occur.
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Six weeks ago a female patient suffered a T6 spinal cord injury. She then developed a blood pressure of 200/120, a severe headache, blurred vision, and bradycardia. What does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
Respuesta
-
Extreme spinal shock
-
Autonomic hyperreflexia
-
Acute anxiety
-
Parasympathetic areflexia
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
A 72-year-old male demonstrates left-sided weakness of upper and lower extremities. The symptoms lasted 4 hours and resolved with no evidence of infarction. The patient most likely experienced a(n):
Respuesta
-
Stroke in evolution
-
Cerebral hemorrhage
-
Transient ischemic attack
-
Arteriovenous malformation
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fever, headache, nuchal rigidity, and decreased consciousness. She was previously treated for sinusitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Respuesta
-
Nonpurulent meningitis
-
Fungal meningitis
-
Aseptic meningitis
-
Bacterial meningitis
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
A 23-year-old female begins having problems with tiredness, weakness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis (MS). What is occurring in the patient’s body?
Respuesta
-
Reduced amounts of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction
-
Depletion of dopamine in the central nervous system (CNS)
-
Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS
-
The development of neurofibril webs in the CNS
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
A patient is admitted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which classic assessment findings will support the diagnosis of ALS?
Respuesta
-
Severe paresthesias
-
Progressive dementia
-
Muscle weakness and atrophy
-
Autonomic dysfunctions
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which statement by a patient indicates teaching was successful regarding myasthenia gravis? Myasthenia gravis results from:
Respuesta
-
Viral infection of skeletal muscle
-
Atrophy of motor neurons in the spinal cord
-
Autoimmune injury at the neuromuscular junction
-
Demyelination of skeletal motor neurons
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
As a portion of the assessment of the patient with meningitis, the health care provider flexes the patient’s neck to the chest. The patient responds with flexion of the legs and thighs. The name for this response is:
Respuesta
-
Decerebrate posturing
-
Decorticate posturing
-
Kernig’s sign
-
Brudzinski’s sign
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The patient reports generalized muscle weakness. The health care provider orders administration of the medication edrophonium chloride (Tensilon). This medication is used in the diagnosis of:
Respuesta
-
Autonomic hyperreflexia
-
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
-
Myasthenia gravis
-
MS
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
A 15-year-old male was struck by a motor vehicle and suffered a traumatic brain injury. Paramedics found him unconscious at the scene of the accident. During the ambulance ride, he regained consciousness and was able to maintain a conversation with the medical staff. Upon arrival to hospital, he was alert and oriented. Physical exam reveals confusion and impaired responsiveness. What is the probable nature of his brain injury based on this history?
Respuesta
-
Subdural hematoma
-
Mild diffuse axonal injury
-
Extradural (epidural) hematoma
-
Mild concussion
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?
Respuesta
-
Tay-Sachs disease
-
Epilepsy
-
Pica
-
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A child presents to his primary care provider with disorientation, delirium, aggressiveness, and stupor. His parents report that he was recently ill with an upper respiratory infection, which they treated with aspirin. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Respuesta
-
Epilepsy
-
Reye syndrome
-
PKU
-
Tay-Sachs
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?
Respuesta
-
Folic acid
-
Iron
-
Protein
-
Vitamin D
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
A newborn child has a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull. What will the pediatrician call this condition?
Respuesta
-
Myelomeningocele
-
Encephalocele
-
Meningocele
-
Craniosynostosis
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A 50-year-old male patient is deficient in ADH production. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to find?
Respuesta
-
Increased arterial vasoconstriction
-
Increased urine osmolality
-
Increased blood volume
-
Increased urine volume
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A 70-year-old female has brittle bones secondary to osteoporosis. Her primary care provider prescribes calcitonin to:
Respuesta
-
Inhibit calcium resorption from bones
-
Stimulate osteoclastic activity
-
Promote thyroid hormone release
-
Activate vitamin D
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
A nurse is reviewing lab results. Which of the following lab results would slow down the rate of parathyroid hormone secretion?
Respuesta
-
Increased serum calcium levels
-
Decreased levels of TSH
-
Increased levels of TSH
-
Decreased serum calcium levels
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
An endocrinologist is teaching about aldosterone secretion. Which information should the endocrinologist include? Aldosterone secretion is regulated by:
Respuesta
-
ACTH feedback
-
Positive feedback
-
The renin-angiotension system
-
The sympathetic nervous system
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
When catecholamines are released in a patient, what should the nurse assess for?
Respuesta
-
Hypotension
-
Nutrient absorption
-
Fluid retention
-
Hyperglycemia
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
When a patient asks about target cell receptors, which is the nurse’s best response? Target cell receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located in the:
Respuesta
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
-
Cell membrane
-
Nucleus
-
Cytosol
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
A nurse is discussing endocrine system dysfunction with a patient. Which statement indicates the patient understood? Endocrine system dysfunction can result from hyposecretion, hypersecretion, or from:
Respuesta
-
Increased synthesis of second messengers
-
Extracellular electrolyte alterations
-
Abnormal receptor activity
-
Abnormal hormone levels
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What common neurologic disturbances should the nurse assess for in a patient with a pituitary adenoma?
Respuesta
-
Confused states
-
Breathing abnormalities
-
Visual disturbances
-
Coma
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
A 35-year-old female with Graves disease is admitted to a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find before treatment?
Respuesta
-
Slow heart rate, rash
-
Constipation, confusion
-
Skin hot and moist, rapid heart rate
-
Weight gain, cold intolerance
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
A 22-year-old female has a low level of TSH. What condition does the nurse expect the patient is experiencing?
Respuesta
-
Primary hypothyroidism
-
Autoimmune hypothyroidism
-
Secondary hypothyroidism
-
Atypical hypothyroidism
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What problem should the nurse assess for in a patient with chronic hyperparathyroidism?
Respuesta
-
Hyponatremia
-
Vitamin D malabsorption
-
Osteoporosis and pathologic fractures
-
Seizure disorders
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
A 45-year-old female with Graves disease underwent surgical removal of her thyroid gland. During the postoperative period, her serum calcium was low. The most probable reason for her low serum calcium is:
Respuesta
-
Myxedema secondary to surgery
-
Hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury to the parathyroid glands
-
Hypothyroidism resulting from lack of thyroid replacement
-
Hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
A 12-year-old female is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM. When the parents ask what causes this, what is the nurse’s best response?
Respuesta
-
A familial, autosomal dominant gene defect
-
Obesity and lack of exercise
-
Hyperglycemia from eating too many sweets
-
Immune destruction of the pancreas
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
A nurse is reviewing lab results for glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) levels. A nurse recalls the purpose of this test is to:
Respuesta
-
Monitor long-term serum glucose control.
-
Measure fasting glucose levels.
-
Detect acute complications of diabetes.
-
Check for hyperlipidemia.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values: serum glucose 500 mg/dl (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low). Her parents state that she has been sick with the “flu” for a week. Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state?
Respuesta
-
Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation.
-
Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release of ketones.
-
Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation.
-
Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
A 55-year-old female is admitted to the medical unit for complications of long-term, poorly controlled type 2 DM. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in addition to elevated glucose?
Respuesta
-
Elevated liver enzymes
-
Anemia
-
Metabolic alkalosis
-
Atherosclerosis
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
A nurse checks lab results as both Cushing syndrome and Addison disease can manifest with elevated levels of:
Respuesta
-
Aldosterone
-
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-
ADH
-
Cortisol
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
A 30-year-old female presents with hypertension, headache, tachycardia, impaired glucose tolerance, and weight loss. Which of the following diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart?
Respuesta
-
Conn disease
-
Cushing disease
-
Pheochromocytoma
-
Addison disease
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
A 22-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident. The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary. Which of the following complications should the nurse anticipate?
Respuesta
-
Dilutional hyponatremia
-
Cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia
-
Dehydration from polyuria
-
Metabolic acidosis
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus (DM), and SIADH share which of the following assessment manifestations?
Respuesta
-
Thirst
-
Vomiting and abdominal cramping
-
Polyuria
-
Edema
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
A 50-year-old male patient presents with polyuria and extreme thirst. He was given exogenous ADH. For which of the following conditions would this treatment be effective?
Respuesta
-
Psychogenic diabetes insipidus
-
Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
-
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
-
SIADH
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
During an infection, the nurse assesses the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes enlarge and become tender because:
Respuesta
-
Edema accumulates within the fibrous capsule.
-
Microorganisms are accumulating.
-
The nodes are not functioning properly.
-
Lymphocytes are rapidly dividing.
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
A nurse is discussing a cell that can differentiate into any tissue type. Which term is the nurse describing?
Respuesta
-
Pluripotent
-
Hematopoietic
-
Blastocyst
-
Progenitor
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which condition will cause a patient to secrete erythropoietin?
Respuesta
-
Inflammation
-
Hypoxia (oxygen deficient)
-
Hypercarbia
-
Low blood pressure
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
After erythrocytes have circulated for about 120 days, they are removed by macrophages, which are mainly in the:
Respuesta
-
Spleen
-
Liver
-
Appendix
-
Bone marrow
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
A nurse is caring for a patient who cannot clot. Which end product of the clotting cascade is this patient unable to make?
Respuesta
-
Fibrinogen
-
Thrombin
-
Fibrin
-
Collagen
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
When a staff member asks how erythrocytes can carry oxygen, which of the following properties should the nurse describe that allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)
Respuesta
-
Biconcavity Reversible deformability
-
Presence of many mitochondria Undergoes mitotic division Presence of a nucleus
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which of the following individuals should the nurse assess first for a vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
Respuesta
-
3-year-old female who is a fussy eater
-
26-year-old female in the second trimester of her first pregnancy
-
64-year-old male with a history of duodenal ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding
-
47-year-old male who had a gastrectomy procedure (removal of the stomach)
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. A nurse recalls the primary cause of her anemia is:
Respuesta
-
Bone marrow failure
-
Folate deficiency
-
Iron deficiency
-
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
A 34-year-old male presents in the emergency room with extreme fatigue and shortness of breath. His skin and sclera appear to have a yellowish discoloration. These assessment findings are consistent with which type of anemia?
Respuesta
-
Hemolytic anemia
-
Posthemorrhagic anemia
-
Iron deficiency anemia
-
Aplastic anemia
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When he asks what the most likely cause of this disease is, what is the nurse’s best response?
Respuesta
-
Misshapen erythrocytes with low hemoglobin
-
Premature erythrocyte destruction and erythropoietin deficiency
-
Decreased levels of tissue iron with megaloblastic erythrocytes
-
Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
A 70-year-old male is brought to the emergency department, where he dies shortly thereafter. Autopsy reveals polycythemia vera (PV). His death was most likely the result of:
Respuesta
-
Acute renal failure
-
Sepsis
-
Acute leukemia
-
Cerebral thrombosis
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
A 30-year-old female presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and bleeding gums. She is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic purpura (ITP). A nurse realizes the most likely cause is:
Respuesta
-
An immune response to hypersplenism
-
T cell injury to megakaryocytes
-
Antibody destruction of platelets
-
Allergy-induced platelet lysis
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems because:
Respuesta
-
High levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system.
-
Treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis.
-
Clotting factors are produced in the liver.
-
The liver is often the site of platelet pooling.
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
A 40-year-old female develops disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Upon obtaining the history, which finding is the most likely cause of this condition?
Respuesta
-
Sepsis
-
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
-
Snake bite
-
Blood transfusion
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
A 15-year-old male is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Which of the following assessment findings would he most likely demonstrate? (Select all that apply.)
Respuesta
-
Lymph node enlargement. Fever and sore throat Enlargement of liver and spleen Fatigue
-
Rash on the trunk and extremities
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. A blood smear reveals severely sickled cells. A nurse recalls the sickled cells will be removed from circulation mostly by the:
Respuesta
-
Pancreas
-
Kidney
-
Liver
-
Spleen
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
A geneticist is discussing thalassemias. Which information should be included? The alpha and beta thalassemias are inherited in an _____ fashion.
Respuesta
-
X-linked recessive
-
Autosomal dominant
-
Autosomal recessive
-
X-linked dominant
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
The mother of a 3-year-old child speaks to the pediatrician because the child took several hours to stop bleeding following a minor scrape. Testing reveals that the child has hemophilia A resulting from a deficiency in factor:
Respuesta
-
VIII
-
IX
-
XIII
-
XII
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Which mother is at most risk for a maternal-fetal blood incompatibility?
Respuesta
-
Mother is Rh-negative, and fetus is Rh-positive.
-
Mother has type A blood, and fetus has type O blood.
-
Mother has type AB, blood and fetus has type B blood.
-
Mother is Rh-positive, and fetus is Rh-negative.
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. When the parents ask who is responsible for this disease, what is the nurse’s best response? He most likely inherited it from:
Respuesta
-
His father
-
None of the above; sickle cell disease is not clearly an inherited disease.
-
His mother
-
Both his mother and father
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