1954244
Descripción
Test por MatthewEllis96, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por MatthewEllis96
hace alrededor de 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
THE CARBOHYDRATE RIBOSE CONTAINS HOW MANY CARBON ATOMS?
Respuesta
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
6
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
SUCROSE IS A DISACCHARIDE OF:
Respuesta
-
Glucose and fructose
-
Maltose and glucose
-
Glucose and galactose
-
Fructose and galactose
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
THE BEST DESCRIPTION FOR FATTY ACIDS IS:
Respuesta
-
Hydrophobic
-
Hydrophilic
-
Amphipathic
-
Anglophobic
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
GLYCOGEN CONTAINS WHICH TYPES OF GLYCOSIDIC BONDS BETWEEN GLUCOSE RESIDUES?
Respuesta
-
α(1→4) and α(1→6)
-
β(1→4) and α(1→6)
-
α(1→4) and β(1→6)
-
β(1→4) and β(1→6)
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
THE CONFORMATION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE CHAINS IN CELLULOSE IS NORMALLY:
Respuesta
-
Helical
-
Random coil
-
Zig-zag
-
Linear
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
THE REDOX CENTRE IN NAD+ IS:
Respuesta
-
Nicotine
-
Nicotinamide
-
Flavin mononucleotide
-
Flavinoid
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
WHICH NUCLEOTIDE TRIPHOSPHATE IS COMMONLY INVOLVED IN RIBOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION?
Respuesta
-
CTP
-
TTP
-
UTP
-
GTP
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
IN LIVING CELLS, ATP IS USUALLY FOUND IN COMPLEX WITH WHICH ION?
Respuesta
-
Na+
-
Ca2+
-
Hg2+
-
Mg2+
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
IN THE LELOIR PATHWAY OF GALACTOSE METABOLISM, GALACTOSE IS PHOSPHORYLATED TO GIVE:
Respuesta
-
Galactose 1-phosphate
-
Galactose 6-phosphate
-
Glucose 1-phosphate
-
Glucose 6-phosphate
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
THE MAIN CARBOHYDRATE “FUEL” OF SPERM CELLS IS:
Respuesta
-
Glucose
-
Galactose
-
Fructose
-
Maltose
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
WHICH PATHWAY RESULTS IN THE GREATEST OVERALL DIRECT GENERATION OF ATP UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS?
Respuesta
-
Glycolysis
-
The tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle
-
Oxidative phosphorylation
-
Gluconeogenesis
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
FOR THE COMPLETE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF ONE MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS, HOW MANY TIMES DOES THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE “TURN”?
Respuesta
-
0
-
1
-
2
-
4
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
FOR EACH MOLECULE OF ACETYL COENZYME A (AcCoA) WHICH ENTERS THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, HOW MANY MOLECULES OF CARBON DIOXIDE ARE RELEASED?
Respuesta
-
0
-
1
-
2
-
4
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, YEAST METABOLISE GLUCOSE TO:
Respuesta
-
Ethanol via acetic acid
-
Acetic acid via ethanol
-
Acetaldehyde (ethanal) via ethanol
-
Ethanol via acetaldehyde (ethanal)
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
THE PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS INCLUDE:
Respuesta
-
NADH, oxygen and a proton motive force
-
NADPH, water and an electromotive force
-
NADPH, oxygen and a proton motive force
-
NADH, oxygen and an electromotive force
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS REQUIRE:
Respuesta
-
NADPH, ATP and carbon dioxide
-
NAD+, ATP and carbon dioxide
-
NADPH, ADP and oxygen
-
NADPH, ATP and oxygen
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
TWO METHODOLOGIES USED BY MELVIN CALVIN TO ELUCIDATE THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS WERE:
Respuesta
-
Paper chromatography and synthetic organic chemistry
-
X-ray crystallography and titrations
-
Gene sequencing and fluorescence resonance energy transfer
-
Tissue culture and NMR spectroscopy
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
WHICH OF THESE COFACTORS IS NEEDED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF MALONYL COENZYME A FROM ACETYL COENZYME A AND CARBON DIOXIDE?
Respuesta
-
Niacin
-
NAD+
-
Thiamine
-
Biotin
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
IN WATER, FATTY ACIDS CAN SPONTANEOUSLY ASSEMBLE INTO WHAT STRUCTURES?v
Respuesta
-
Micelles
-
Mitochondria
-
Mitotic spindles
-
Myosin
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
MALONATE INHIBITS AN ENZYME IN WHICH METABOLIC PATHWAY?
Respuesta
-
Glycolysis
-
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
-
Leloir pathway
-
Glycogen biosynthesis
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
THE MICHAELIS CONSTANT, Km:
Respuesta
-
Has units of concentration
-
For a given enzyme is independent of the substrate used
-
Is a measure of the rate of acceleration carried out by the enzyme
-
Gives an idea of the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
WHEN CONSIDERING ENZYME CATALYTIC MECHANISMS, ACID-BASE CATALYSIS:
Respuesta
-
Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with at least one amino acid side chain at the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state
-
Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amide groups of peptide bonds to facilitate formation of the transition state
-
Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between a water molecule and the substrate to facilitate formation of the transition state
-
Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with an oxidised metal ion prosthetic group in the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
IN ENZYME CATALYSIS THE TERM “APPROXIMATION” REFERS TO:
Respuesta
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
AN OXYANION HOLE IS:
Respuesta
-
A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
-
A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
-
A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate
-
A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
THE PROTEIN UBIQUITIN:
Respuesta
-
Can be covalently linked to proteins via the N-terminal glycine residue
-
Is a polypeptide
-
Is an essential component of eukaryote respiratory chains
-
Can be covalently linked to proteins via isopeptide bond formation
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
PROTEOSOME-MEDIATED PROTEOLYSIS:
Respuesta
-
Is controlled by serine protease enzymes.
-
Is a key part of the control mechanism in the eukarote cell cycle
-
Is a key part of the control mechanism in the prokarote cell cycle
-
Is controlled by ubiquinone activating enzymes.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
IN MICHAELIS-MENTON KINETICS, FORMATION OF THE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX:
Respuesta
-
Is always the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
-
Is never the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
-
Is always a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover
-
Is never a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
THE TRANSITION STATE MODEL FOR ENZYME CATALYSIS:
Respuesta
-
May explain why enzymes have particular substrate specificity
-
May explain why enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
-
May explain why enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
-
May explain why enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
THE CATALYTIC EFFICIENCY OF AN ENZYME CATALYSED REACTION:
Respuesta
-
Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Km
-
Can be described by the ratio: Km/kcat
-
Can be described by the ratio: Vmax/kcat
-
Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Vmax
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
THE UREA CYCLE:
Respuesta
-
Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
-
Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of glutamate to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
-
Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of tryptophan to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
-
Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE IS:
Respuesta
-
A glycolytic intermediate
-
The precursor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
Produced from fructose 2-phosphate
-
A second messenger
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
THE BUILD UP OF LACTIC ACID IN MUSCLES AFTER ANAEROBIC EXERCISE IS:
Respuesta
-
Caused by an excess of ATP in the cytoplasm
-
Due to its synthesis being coupled to ATP hydrolysis
-
Due to pyruvate being reduced by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NADH to NAD+
-
Due to pyruvate being oxidised by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NAD+ to NADH
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
THE INCREASE IN ATP LEVELS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE "PASTEUR EFFECT" CAUSES:
Respuesta
-
Decreased glycolytic flux by allosteric stimulation of lactate dehydrogenase
-
Allosteric inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
-
Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1
-
Increased glycolytic flux by allosteric activation of phosphofructokinase-2
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
PROTEIN KINASE A IS ACTIVATED BY:
Respuesta
-
5'-AMP
-
cAMP
-
ADP
-
NADH
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
THE WARBURG EFFECT IS:
Respuesta
-
The term used to describe the inhibition of glycolysis in anaerobic cells that occurs when oxygen is supplied
-
Caused (in some cancers) by a defect in the glycerol phosphate shuttle
-
Caused by an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle in cancer
-
Due to the inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by NADH
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM HELPS REGULATE:
Respuesta
-
Body fluids
-
Blood pressure
-
Body temperature
-
Breathing
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF ECTOTHERMS?
Respuesta
-
They generate most of their heat through internal processes
-
They get most of their heat from the environment
-
They generate most of their heat from external processes
-
They cannot regulate their body temperature
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
IN BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS THE COMMON INTERMEDIATES ARE:
Respuesta
-
Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
-
Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
-
Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
-
Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
THE KREBS (OR TCA) CYCLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH TYPE OF PATHWAY?
Respuesta
-
Anabolic
-
Catabolic
-
Amphibolic
-
Hyperbolic
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
WHICH OF THESE SYSTEMS IS MOST COMMON IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS?
Respuesta
-
Positive feedback
-
Formative feedback
-
Negative feedback
-
Neutral feedback
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